Ulrich Schulz – författare
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3 produkter
3 produkter
1 644 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
A social dilemma is a game which at first glance has only inefficient solutions. If efficient solutions are to be achieved, some kind of cooperation among the players is required. This book asks two basic questions, closely intertwined with each other: 1. How is cooperation possible among rational players in such a social dilemma? Which changes in the social context of a social dilemma situation are necessary in order for players to rationally choose the cooperative option? 2. How do real players actually behave in social dilemma situations? Do they behave "rationally" at all? Or, conversely, what kind of reasoning, attitudes, emotions, etc. shape the behavior of real players in social dilemmas? What kind of interventions, what kind of internal mechanisms within a real group may change players' willingness to cooperate? These two general questions mark the broad spectrum of the problem which has been, over the last three decades, investigated in various disciplines, and which has brought many new ideas and new observations into the study of the old question of social order in a world of born egoists. Accordingly, this volume contains contributions by biologists, sociologists, political scientists, economists, mathematicians, psychologists, and philosophers.
172 kr
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Accelerated Testing
Nature and Artificial Weathering in the Coatings Industry
Inbunden, Engelska, 2009
2 349 kr
Skickas inom 3-6 vardagar
From the Foreword: '"Accelerated Testing: Nature and Artificial Weathering in the Coatings Industry" is aimed at all those involved or interested in creating, producing, applying, and testing modern high-quality coatings for outdoor use. Coatings are exposed to a great many severe natural stresses that cause a gradual deterioration of the properties which are responsible for the coatings' very quality. Nevertheless, buyers expect coated products to remain in an as-new condition - which is mostly characterised by a highly attractive appearance and intact surface - for as long as possible. This calls for coatings of high weatherability and long service life. In this book, "Aaccelerated Testing", through its simulation of the destructive action of natural weathering, is the means for testing this coating quality. Test engineers shoulder much responsibility because not only must the results form the basis for reliable predictions, but they must also be obtained economically and as quickly as possible. Their results are the dominant factor in any decision to take a new coating creation into series production.Accelerated testing has become an indispensable tool in the paint and coatings chemistry as a means of avoiding nasty surprises by coatings in normal use. Other methods of predicting service life are still too unreliable, given the extent of current weathering knowledge. Modern-day, high-quality coatings are highly complex systems which contain numerous essential additives. Not surprisingly, coatings chemistry is therefore sometimes jokingly likened to alchemy. But natural weathering, in all its random manifestations of different impact, is equally complex. Words alone cannot describe how best to simulate the team-like interaction of such a complex system in the laboratory. There is more to successful simulation than applying a standardized test method, or switching on a fully controlled weathering device which has been marketed as an all-rounder. It takes know-how, experience and skill. This book will help such abilities to be acquired'.