Ursula Piccolo – författare

The Working Group 5 of the International Medical Informatics Associa­ tion (IMIA) is dedicated to information systems in primary care with special emphasis on computer systems in the doctor's office. Accord­ ingly, a conference was held in Hannover in 1980 where the first ap­ proaches were described and experiences in system analysis, system construction and evaluation were discussed (Rienhoff, O. and Abrams, M.E. (eds.): The Computer in the Doctor's Office, North-Holland, Amsterdam: 1980). Computer hardware and software development has been rapid over the last years. Thus the prerequisites for a successful support of the work of the physician in his office have improved. But system con­ struction still lags behind and the actual penetration of systems is lower than 2 % of the doctors' offices in most countries. This applies to industrialized countries. However, attempts are made everywhere to improve primary care by means of modern information technology. Information systems depend upon the real environment into which they are placed: administrative procedures govern priorities and procedures in doctor's office computers, possibilities to defray cost upon the various carriers or the patients have a great influence on the propagation of systems. Furthermore, various procedures of accounting or re-imbursement may lead to a facilitation or to a delay of the in­ troduction of systems. The 'art of medical practice' has reached a comparable standard within at least the industrialized countries.

The Working Group 5 of the International Medical Informatics Associ­ ation (IMIA) dedicates its work to information systems in primary and ambulatory care. The first conference of this Working Group in Hanno­ ver in 1980 produced a review of the state of the art of that time and gave perspectives for future development (Rienhoff, O. and Abrams, M.E. (eds.): The Computer in the Doctor's Office, Horth­ Holland, Amsterdam: 1980). In the meantime, a rapid development has taken place. Therefore it seemed appropriate to hold another working conference which was con­ ducted in Munich, December 2-6, 1985. The goal of this working conference was to review the developments in this field and to critically evaluate the progress achieved so far. The conference addressed general principles in system development and prerequisists for their successful introduction into routine use. Furthermore, the topics of expert systems and new technologies were discussed in the context of their usefulness and usability in ambula­ tory care systems. As before, it became very clear that actual computer systems to sup­ port ambulatory and/or primary care have to meet the conditions of the health care delivery systems, into which they are to be placed.

The 33rd Annual Meeting of the German Association for Medical Documentation, Informatics and Statistics was combined with a Special Topic Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics and takes place at Hannover, F. R. of Germany, from September 26 to 29, 1988. It was planned and initililly prepared by the late Prof. P. L Reichertz, who headed the Hannover institute from 1969 to 1987. To commemorate his contribution to the development of medicine the conference was devoted to him "Peter Reichertz Memorial Conference on Expert Systems and Decision Support in Medicine" Since computers in the early Fifties were first applied to support medical reasoning, various phases of euphoria and resi~ation have . followed. Every new methodology which became technically possible was and will be applied to the old questlon of how to diagnose diseases more reliably. Artificial Intelligence is just one new approach to the old challenge. Over the years some· authors have been very optimistic and put forward opinions which motivated the common press to coin the phrase 'Dr. med. computer'. Papers printed under this heading rebuffed the majority of physiCians for many years. Today we know that medical decision making is a most complex buman performance. And 30 years of research on decision support have given us only limited insight into the underlying processes. Most of the principal methodological questions were already asked very early on.

The 33rd Annual Meeting of the German Association for Medical Documentation, Informatics and Statistics was combined with a Special Topic Conference of the European Federation for Medical Informatics and takes place at Hannover, F. R. of Germany, from September 26 to 29, 1988. It was planned and initililly prepared by the late Prof. P. L Reichertz, who headed the Hannover institute from 1969 to 1987. To commemorate his contribution to the development of medicine the conference was devoted to him "Peter Reichertz Memorial Conference on Expert Systems and Decision Support in Medicine" Since computers in the early Fifties were first applied to support medical reasoning, various phases of euphoria and resi~ation have . followed. Every new methodology which became technically possible was and will be applied to the old questlon of how to diagnose diseases more reliably. Artificial Intelligence is just one new approach to the old challenge. Over the years some· authors have been very optimistic and put forward opinions which motivated the common press to coin the phrase ''Dr. med. computer''. Papers printed under this heading rebuffed the majority of physiCians for many years. Today we know that medical decision making is a most complex buman performance. And 30 years of research on decision support have given us only limited insight into the underlying processes. Most of the principal methodological questions were already asked very early on.

The Working Group 5 of the International Medical Informatics Associa­ tion (IMIA) is dedicated to information systems in primary care with special emphasis on computer systems in the doctor''s office. Accord­ ingly, a conference was held in Hannover in 1980 where the first ap­ proaches were described and experiences in system analysis, system construction and evaluation were discussed (Rienhoff, O. and Abrams, M.E. (eds.): The Computer in the Doctor''s Office, North-Holland, Amsterdam: 1980). Computer hardware and software development has been rapid over the last years. Thus the prerequisites for a successful support of the work of the physician in his office have improved. But system con­ struction still lags behind and the actual penetration of systems is lower than 2 % of the doctors'' offices in most countries. This applies to industrialized countries. However, attempts are made everywhere to improve primary care by means of modern information technology. Information systems depend upon the real environment into which they are placed: administrative procedures govern priorities and procedures in doctor''s office computers, possibilities to defray cost upon the various carriers or the patients have a great influence on the propagation of systems. Furthermore, various procedures of accounting or re-imbursement may lead to a facilitation or to a delay of the in­ troduction of systems. The ''art of medical practice'' has reached a comparable standard within at least the industrialized countries.