Verkhratsky Alexei – författare
Calcium Measurement Methods
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Since the introduction of fluorescent calcium indicators and the subsequent development of capacities for real-time monitoring and imaging of calcium movements in the intact cells studied in isolation, in situ and in vivo, the complex and vital calcium signaling system has been illuminated, proving calcium signals to be excellent universal reporters of cellular activity. In "Calcium Measurement Methods", a team of renowned experts in the field contribute methods dedicated to calcium imaging in neural cells with a balance between the main principles of calcium imaging and specific applications of the technique to neural tissues. The book''s contents show how the combination of different indicators and recently developed microscopic techniques lead to spectacular successes in the imaging of neural cells in the living brain in both physiological and pathophysiological models. As a volume in the successful Neuromethods™ series, the chapters provide authoritative reviews including up-to-date detailed protocols of the most commonly used approaches in the field.
Cutting-edge and concise, "Calcium Measurement Methods" serves as an ideal reference to aid the many scientists worldwide engaged in calcium imaging of the nervous system.
Calcium Measurement Methods
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In the first 20 years that followed the purinergic signalling hypothesis in 1972, most scientists were sceptical about its validity, largely because ATP was so well established as an intracellular molecule involved in cell biochemistry and it seemed unlikely that such a ubiquitous molecule would act as an extracellular signalling molecule. However, after the receptors for ATP and adenosine were cloned and characterized in the early 1990s and ATP was established as a synaptic transmitter in the brain and sympathetic ganglia, the tide turned. More recently it has become clear that ATP is involved in long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death, in development and regeneration, as well as in short-term signalling in neurotransmission and secretion. Also, important papers have been published showing the molecular structure of P2X receptors in primitive animals like Amoeba and Schistosoma, as well as green algae. This has led to the recognition of the widespread nature of the purinergic signalling system in most cell types and to a rapid expansion of the field, including studies of the pathophysiology as well as physiology and exploration of the therapeutic potential of purinergic agents.
In two books, Geoffrey Burnstock and Alexej Verkhratsky have aimed at drawing together the massive and diverse body of literature on purinergic signalling. The topic of this first book is purinergic signalling in the peripheral and central nervous systems and in the individual senses. In a second book the authors focus on purinergic signalling in non-excitable cells, including those of the airways, kidney, pancreas, endocrine glands and blood vessels. Diseases related to these systems are also considered.