Victoria M Petrova – författare

This book focuses on the latest developments in the field of engineering. Chapter One reviews terrain classification using single-pol synthetic aperture radars. Chapter Two analyzes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) corrosion monitoring sensors. Chapter Three examines the concept of emergence in agent-based modeling and simulation by modeling several types of agent-based systems and examining simulations for potential emergent phenomena. Chapter Four discusses a mathematical modeling technique traditionally referred to as agent based modeling (ABM) but for purposes here, referred to as Zombie Based Modeling (ZBM). Chapter Five focuses on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) assistant procedures for future optical communication systems. Chapter Six provides intervention strategies for the operationalization process of building maintenance regarding the design stages. Chapter Seven assesses the performance of auditorium acoustics. Chapter Eight reviews multivariate statistical factor and cluster analysis on selecting the optimum method for the recycling of kitchen waste.

In the opening chapter, Moustafa M. Kurdi, PhD addresses the simulation of the navigation of a heterogeneous group of robots, an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle through GPS, and digital map and image processing using the probabilistic roadmap method. In the second chapter by Rocco Salvatore Calabro, Margherita Russo, Antonio Buda, Luigi Carioti, Aurelio Crespantini, Bruno Porcari, Antonio Leo, Giuseppe Silvestri, Alberto Cacciola, Antonino Naro, and Placido Bramanti, the technological advances made regarding the use of robotic devises in physical therapy are addressed. Following this, the writers provide an overview of the most up-and-coming devices for neurological gait rehabilitation and discuss virtual reality. Next, the new industrial revolution commonly referred to as "e;Industry 4.0"e; is discussed in the third chapter by Eduardo Cardoso Moraes. The technologies involved and their possible impacts are also discussed. In the fourth chapter, Yuo-Tern Tsai presents a study encompassing a systematic method of fault diagnosis based on function elements in order to aid in fault identification, in hopes that the results may be useful in planning diagnosis action for a system. Kenneth A. Lachlan, Adam Rainear, Patric R. Spence, Joshua Fishlock, Bryan Vanco, and Zhan Xu showcase an experiment that compared robot delivery and audience involvement by evaluating in terms of risk assessment, negative affect, and impressions of associated organizations in the fifth chapter. In the sixth chapter, Abdul Khaliq and Samsher Singh examine a conceptual gas turbine cycle subjected to absorption inlet cooling and evaporative after cooling of the compressed air in an effort to make the turbine insensitive to seasonal temperature fluctuations. In the seventh chapter, Gergana G. Nestorova, PhD deliberates on the conception of lab-on-a-chip systems with integrated miniaturized thermoelectric sensors and their potential uses for detection of chemical/biological events. In the eighth chapter, Carlos A. R. Soares, Marcio S. Costa, and Jorge L. M. Amaral demonstrate the top three open standards for wireless industrial networks (WIA-PA, ISA100.11a and WirelessHART) while also elaborating on several problems raised by their implementation in real world application. In the last chapter, Carmen A. Carabali, Jose Aguilar, and Chavez Danilo point out and elaborate on how a smart environment should be able to decipher aberrations in the people within it and thus provide effectual resolutions with peak resource management.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 22 opens with an illustration of some of the smart functionalities that can be implemented at the very pixel level using heat balanced configuration. The chapter also introduces micro-fabrication CMOS-MEMS technologies suitable for the monolithic integration of such smart infrared detectors. Such smart functions may relieve high level processing from part of the process of consuming image treatments. Following this, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in advanced safety technologies and control systems developed for heavy commercial vehicles. After giving the crash statistics on the safety problem associated with heavy vehicles, four typical safety technologies available for reducing crash risks are described and some aspects of future development of advanced safety technologies and control for commercial vehicles are highlighted. This text also deals with both conversions of industrial and transport buildings for contemporary theatres and contemporary site-specific projects involving industrial sites. Site-specific projects and theatre productions in abandoned industrial sites not only serve a purely aesthetic purpose, but also help to provide information about and protect our industrial heritage along with supporting local communities. The following chapter establishes a standard for loading the air conditioning system and for detecting leaks in trucks, tractors, harvesters, sprayers and construction machines. It also includes tests developed for measuring system performance during end-product audit sessions, with the goal of improving the standards for air conditioning systems in the Latin American market. The goal of the subsequent work is to determine, through the use of a mathematical model (equation) and the graph corresponding to it, each one of the failures that can happen in a rear axle system. This equation could be used for any mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or pneumatic system, and the work is based on a sample where the population is 34,000 units under their warranty from 2004 to 2012. Lastly, graphene is considered as an infinitesimally thin layer characterized by its tensorial surface conductivity that is extracted through the Kubo formula, both for the electrostatic and magnetostatic bias. This two-dimensional material is proven capable of supporting highly confined surface waves at the far-infrared spectrum, in contrast to other conductors, such as the noble metals, which support SPP waves at significantly higher frequencies. Various fundamental and realistic waveguiding setups are thoroughly examined by the authors, taking into account the contribution of the electrostatic and/or magnetostatic bias case.

In the opening chapter of Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 23, the authors describe the unique challenges of the logging tool hardware, measurements, and the spin-dynamics modeling, as well as data processing. The second part of the chapter describes typical NMR pulse sequences that are used for logging measurements, NMR responses for fluids in rock pore systems, and the petrophysical interpretation models and methodologies for petroleum reservoir formation evaluation. Next, the laws of rolling are derived in terms of elastic and geometric properties of rolling bodies and foundations. The rolling resistance coefficient was analytically calculated in the cases of: a) an elastic cylinder rolling over another elastic cylinder of another material, in particular, over an elastic half-space, and an elastic wheel rolling over the rail of another elastic material; b) an elastic ball rolling over another elastic ball of another material, particularly over an elastic half-space; c) an elastic torus rolling over an elastic half-space of another material; and d) a cylinder, or a ball, or a torus rolling over a tightly stretched membrane or over a thin elastic plate. This collection also deals with pressure tests conducted in EOR (enhanced Oil Recovery) projects where heat has caused changes in the viscosity of the reservoir fluids, which creates a difference in mobility between two zones of the reservoir. Under those conditions, the reservoir becomes a composite with two different zones. As inaccurate results will be obtained if the interpretation of well tests is not conducted properly, the authors present a practical methodology for interpretation. Next, the different trajectory inhibitory effects of laser re-melting on coating microstructure defects are discussed. The results indicate that the laser re-melting trajectory exerts a significant influence on the microstructure of the re-melted coating defect prevention, in which the round orbit forms finer equiaxed grains, restrains the formation and propagation of crack source, and acts such that the hard phases, such as W2C, CrO, and Cr2O3, were strengthened by dispersion in the round orbit, and also improved the tribological performance of such re-melted coatings. The circular trajectory wear loss is 30.2 percent of that of the dot trajectory. Lastly, thermal spraying technology is analyzed as a key surface strengthening and protection method. After a hundred years of development of the process, thermal spraying technology has been widely used to prepare wear-resistant layers, corrosion-resistant layers, and various functional coatings. The authors analyze the microstructure, phase composition, element distribution, and micro-hardness of the interface between coating and substrate were analysed to provide a theoretical basis for the application and popularisation of laser remelting in the field of thermal spraying.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 24 begins with a discussion of solvent extraction, which is widely applied and has shown significant advances in the last four decades. The simplicity, speed and vast scope of solvent extraction are key in separation, purification and enrichment steps in many fields such as analytical chemistry, chemical engineering, and hydrometallurgy. Solvent extraction has become crucial in the intensification processes due to its excellent characteristics.Next, the authors review the on-road test and Real Driving Emissions, focusing on the main concepts, developments and future challenges, as well as presenting their shortcomings. The gap between regulated emissions from vehicle certification procedures and real-world driving has become increasingly wider, particularly for nitrogen oxides (NOx). Even though stricter emission regulations have been implemented, NOx emissions are dependent on specific, short-duration driving events which are difficult to account for. Therefore, high concentrations of these pollutants are still being measured in European cities.The following chapter presents a reverse engineering approach by utilizing laser scanning technology in cultural heritage in two case studies. An analytical methodology is presented revealing the step by step approach from scanning to prototyping, which is a part of the larger field of digital archeology. A variety of parties could benefit from the demonstration of such an analytical approach, including production engineers, three-dimensional CAD users and designers, archeologists and museum curators.This compilation also examines pressure tests conducted in EOR projects where heat has caused changes in the viscosity of the reservoir fluids, which creates a difference in mobility between two zones of the reservoir. Under those conditions, the reservoir becomes a composite with two different zones. Inaccurate results will be obtained if the well test interpretation is not conducted properly, so a practical methodology for the interpretation in such systems is presented.Later, the latest advances in the modeling of gas-solid reactions are described in detail, and a review is provided on the early approaches to the modeling of gas-solid reactions. It is concluded that there are two major groups of models: the pore models and the grain models. The main shortcomings of classical models are the assumption of a uniform initial microstructure and that the sintering effect is neglected.In conclusion, WiMAX or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, based on IEEE 802.16, is proposed as the standard for broadband wireless access (BWA) over a large metropolitan area. WiMAX has received widespread support from both the computer and telecom industries worldwide, making this technology particularly cost-effective. Flexible bandwidths and different modulation schemes enable WiMAX systems to adaptive change of the speed and capacity of the wireless connection based on the demand.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 25 examines the background of magnetic sensors within the field of traffic engineering. Starting off with an introduction to the principles of traffic detection and estimation, the authors study the design and development of a low cost, energy efficient multi-function wireless traffic earth magnetic sensors (EMS). Recommended sensor layout strategies are presented in an effort to reduce the investment cost and provide a decision-making basis for traffic management.Next, the authors present the main advantages of the vortex and highly turbulent flows and their implementation area in the chemical engineering. The technological scheme includes devices with active hydrodynamic regimes used in the granulation processes. The theoretical bases for the technological line of the devices with active hydrodynamic regimes is also presented.Piezoelectric materials were discovered many years ago, however, new compounds and fabrication techniques are continually explored in order to get the optimal and new properties. The authors discuss a new piezoelectric ceramic with Platinum implant that has been fabricated in recent years. The application possibilities of this ceramic are increased since there is a third electrode available which can be used to control its behavior.The analysis of the behaviour of Passive Magnetic Bearing (PMB) in order to achieve an acceptable magnetic force and stiffness is proposed as an interesting topic for rotating systems. In this compilation, numerical analysis, which is an effective method to investigate the structural parameters of PMB, is applied using Finite Element Method to the two-dimensional model of PMB.The closing paper presents a universal solution for the magnetic force interaction calculation between arbitrarily magnetized permanent ring magnets. The configuration contains two permanent ring magnets that correspond to the axial or radial passive magnetic bearing configuration, and the type of the bearing depends on the permanent magnet's magnetization vector direction and the permanent magnet's position.

In Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 26, sodium dodecyl sulfate and hydroxy isopropyl chitosan are employed as modulation agents for crystallization of CaC2O4. The effects of these concentrations on the crystallization are investigated, and the CaC2O4 particles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The authors examine a novel flash ironmaking technology, developed by Professor H.Y. Sohn’s research group at the University of Utah, which has shown promising results for the production of iron from iron ore concentrate with low energy consumption/greenhouse gas emissions. Computation fluid dynamics has been used to simulate the novel flash ironmaking process from the kinetics analysis of the results obtained in laminar-flow reactors to the laboratory scale Utah flash reactor and the large scale bench reactor. This collection goes on to review recent data on composite materials intended for repairing mechanochemical and technological damages of metallic pipelines. The technological aspects of repairing gas and oil pipeline surfaces and their joints and couplings in field conditions are analyzed, and methods used to improve the strength of the adhesive layer are considered. Next, several mega-structural projects for regulation of the economic and ecological impacts of global sea-level rise in the Mediterranean Sea Basin are detailed. In particular, one macro-project, a modernized installation sited within the Strait of Gibraltar composed of a single fabric submarine curtain and super-ropes, is closely examined in terms of its sea-level rise macro-problem solving suitability. Lastly, a new method based on subsampled contourlet transform and feature smoothing technique is presented for automatic classification of seabed square-size images. This new version of standard contourlet transform allows for the study of images with various resolution levels and directions. This proposed method is implemented using graphics processing unit capabilities to reduce execution time.

The opening chapter of Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 27 summarizes current progress in the design of multimode dielectric resonator antennas. Emphasis is placed on the operating modes achieved by different research groups, including the authors’, as well as the feeding system used, the modes’ radiation performances, and radiation patterns. The authors conclude that the full potential of dielectric resonator antennas can only be obtained using its multi-mode capabilities. Following this, a detailed discussion on flexible organic thin-film transistors is provided, focusing on different aspects of fabrication, emerging organic materials, characterization techniques, multidisciplinary applications and performance deteriorating issues. A mathematical model of the locomotive spatial vibrations was developed and different reasons of derailment were under investigation. Locomotive behaviour in collisions with a motionless obstacle and another vehicle is studied and the results are examined. In another study, the evolution of the stochastic digital measurement method is reviewed, particularly highlighting the two-bit stochastic digital measurement method. Topics covered include theoretical foundations and prototype instruments used in power grid networks. The closing chapter covers the development of active safety system technologies is an emerging topic, especially in regard to powered two-wheelers. In the wake of new technologies available, many governments are heavily legislating vehicle safety, is prompting the manufacturers to innovate their active safety devices.

In Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 28, the authors describe the functional beam splitter that divides the incident beam into several derivative ones, simultaneously introducing the prescribed transformation of their transverse profiles. Recommendations for managing the diffracted beams’ profiles and their employment in precise metrology and optical vortices analysis are given. Unlike most engineered filtering systems, many naturally evolved biological filters have variable rather than fixed porosity. These include internal and external filters for feeding, as well as filters to capture waste particles. As such, this collection examines a prime example of a biological system with fluctuating porosity: the baleen filter of mysticete whales, which uses keratinous plates and hair-like fringes to capture prey of varying size. Next, the adaptive identification problem of dynamic systems with uncertainty is considered on adaptive observer class. A method is proposed for construction adaptive observers time-varying linear dynamic objects at non-fulfillment of condition excitation constancy. The authors also explore wireless sensor networks with common applications existing the real world. The benefits and challenges of the networks are discussed in an effort to overcome some constraints of energy limitation. A review of traditional data collection methods is provided with details. In closing, the algorithm for full rejection of the side lobes of a pattern antenna array at given azimuth angle points outside the main lobe area is considered. The structural diagram of the array is presented, and the efficiency of the suggested design has been investigated.

The first chapter of Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 29 describes the next generation device Stacked Nanosheet, which has the potential to replace the three-dimensional transistor architecture, FinFET. The authors also present the recent progress in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Recent biomimetic research examined in the next chapter may enable for a better understanding of biofiltration as well as potential technological applications via experimentation with novel materials, including 3D printed filters simulating natural systems. The possibility of using methane as an alternative and promising reducing agent in various metallurgical and chemical processes is discussed. Additionally, the electrochemical performances of transition-metal-disulfide-based electrodes fabricated from different configurations, including binary and ternary composites, is discussed. Following this, this compilation discusses the assumptions of the physics of transport in nano-scale wire Si pn-junction diodes with the aid of device simulations. An advanced theoretical model to predict current-voltage characteristics of nano-scale wire Si pn-junction diodes is proposed. The authors introduce several voltage contrast studies that have been done so far, introducing an experiment on active voltage contrast imaging of the cross-sectional surface of multilayer ceramic capacitors using helium ion microscopy. Next, the authors present a new two-stage method for the qualitative and quantitative detection method of hydrophobing injection media used as a subsequent masonry seal against rising damp. The aim of the final chapter is to review four classes of integer asymmetric codes and to illustrate their potential for use in modern short-range optical networks.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 30 opens by presenting methods in which rays can be used to calculate the properties of a propagating generally astigmatic Gaussian beam at any point in an optical system, optimize the system to obtain the desired Gaussian beam focus and minimize aberrations, analyze stray light, or calculate fiber coupling efficiency. The authors also present an enhanced input/output-linearizing and decoupling control in variable speed for a wind energy conversion system, which is based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, a combination of two soft-computing methods of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. Reinforced concrete, one of the world’s most common building materials, is explored. Its utility and versatility are achieved through the combination of concrete and steel, however, the deterioration of such structures is a frequent phenomenon due to environmental factors. The authors go on to address the need for online insert inspection during computer numerical control lathe cutting processes through the development of a system based on eye-in-hand machine vision that incorporates a manipulator. This system can perform online inspections for detection and classification of fractures, built-up edges, chipping, and flank wear in the inserts of external turning tools. Next, type-2 fuzzy logic control is proposed in order to control the altitude and attitude of an unmanned quadrotor. Simulation results suggest that the proposed control provides improved dynamic responses and perfect decoupled control in steady and transient states. In closing, an analytical approach called the 2D spatial filtering technique was used to simulate the surface single fibre action potential signal. The study demonstrates that the surface single fibre action potential generated by an impulsive source is the outcome of the spatial phenomena.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 31 begins with an introduction to the main components of an introductory study of a problem and its related data collection and analysis requirements. This part is fundamental to help initiate the process of design research management, and focuses on the first phase of the pre-design study, in which the bases of design problem identification, interpretation, planning and solution exploration are established. Next, this compilation proposes the use of the Cat Swarm Optimization technique to indicate the ideal number of threads in local pools. This method was implemented and tested with a real-world integration process. The areas of Enterprise Application Integration and Discrete-event Simulation are explored, and the authors propose a new approach for identifying potential performance bottlenecks in the software design phase. Following this, the authors introduce a discrete-time motion camouflage control to make a robot approach a maneuvering pursuee while not rotating the Line-Of-Sight joining the pair. In practice, there is time delay between the time instant when the pursuee’s position is measured and the time instant when the control is applied. Additionally, performances of the conventional linear and proposed nonlinear robust adaptive Kalman filters based integrated inertial, baro and GPS altimeters are tested via predetermined simulations. During simulations, in order to test these approaches, two kinds of measurement malfunction scenarios have been taken into consideration; continuous bias and measurement noise increment. Q-switched and mode-locked fiber lasers were demonstrated using tungsten disulfide 2D nanomaterials as a saturable absorber. The saturable absorber was fabricated by repeatedly dropping and drying WS2 solution onto a microfiber to form a nanosheet layer. Then the WS2 coated microfiber was placed in a ring laser cavity to generate Q-switched fiber laser operating at 1568 nm using a 2.4 m long Erbium-doped fiber as the gain medium. The authors go on to describe the present choice for inductive power transmission and to explain a new transmitter topology that can intrinsically minimize the problems associated with the present choice. A comparison between the present and proposed topologies is provided. In the closing investigation, kinetic studies of CaO+CO2 and CaO+SO2 reactions are performed by thermogravimetry. The kinetic parameters of these non-catalytic gas-solid reactions are determined using the sophisticated random-pore model.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 32 opens by describing a general strategy for building Markov chain models and performing computational analysis of characteristics of the process, as well as showing a few examples of applying this approach to modeling mixing, grinding, fluidized bed, etc. Next, the configurations of gas channels and gas diffusion layers influences on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are investigated. Additionally, a numerical method and an experimental method are realized to predict aeroelastic response and characteristic parameters of wing structure. The numerical method is based on coupled algorithms between computational fluid dynamics and computational structural dynamics. A Lagrangian expression based on the state equation of a class of nonlinear system is proposed to develop the corresponding functional. From this, a control law is developed, and by employing the classical Euler-Lagrange approach, the operation of the system was led to a critical point with success. Following this, a roadmap is presented to directly transition from cutting edge experimental and in-situ geospatial data-collection technology to a predictive computational model for volcanic lahars. The soil-pile-structure interaction plays an important role in assessing the vibrations internally generated within structures due to dynamic loads that could bring significant impacts on the structural behavior. As such, the effects of forces on the seismic response of three tall and massive building cases are investigated. In conclusion, research is presented on the joint effect of silica fume and nanosilica on the fresh and hardened properties of natural hydraulic lime-based grouts for mechanical strengthening of old stone masonry walls.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 33 opens by describing a general strategy for building Markov chain models and performing a computational analysis of characteristics of the process, as well providing a few examples of the applications of this approach. Adaptive differential evolution algorithms are compared with the conventional genetic algorithm in the optimization and identification of the parameters of power electronics systems and electric drives. The authors investigate the impact of a particular flow parameter on mixed flow turbine loss generation and performance, aiming to determine the optimum condition of the turbine operation with respect to the Reynolds number. The effect of the rotor trailing-edge blade angle on mixed flow turbine performance under steady flow conditions is examined. For this end, six mixed flow rotors having different trailing-edge blade angles are numerically designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out using the Ansys CFX package. Lastly, a preliminary evaluation and analysis of the structural condition of the Old Church of Saint Andrew is examined. The current study is beset with a multitude of difficulties due to insufficient of technical data. For this reason, an in situ detailed drawing survey is conducted, and the mechanical characteristics of the structure are determined.

In the opening study of Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 34, five probability distributions which are currently used by researchers, including Normal, Log-Normal II, Gumbel, Pearson type III and Log-Pearson type III, are fitted to the values of ET0 and precipitation related to 30 synoptic stations of Iran with different climates. The authors discuss an energy efficient envelope tracking solution in a power amplifier system for demanding wireless standards. In a wireless transmitter, a huge portion of power is consumed by the power amplifier, and this generates the need for a power-efficient amplifier for longer battery run-time. The authors discuss the ways that may change the way air traffic controllers and others learn and work in air navigation, as well as how they can improve their workload thanks to the implementation of holographic radars. The various methods for the detection of accidental island formation are discussed, as well as the differences between the detection methodologies. Some of the main anti-islanding algorithms are evaluated by means of a MatLab/Simulink® platform employing a single-phase voltage source inverter designed for active power injection into the low-voltage distribution network, using solar photovoltaic as an energy source. The authors survey cryptographic keys management issues related to cloud computing deployment. This provides a critical analysis of cryptographic keys management in the cloud, and explores the most valuable solutions and recommendations used in real-world applications. This compilation also explores the design, preparation, testing and applications of thin-film thermocouples, particularly the tungsten-rhenium thin-film thermocouples proposed by Xi''an Jiaotong University. Later, the best probability distribution function is combined with a suitable plotting position formula in estimating the annual reference evapotranspiration. For this purpose, using meteorological data reported in 30 synoptic stations (1960-2014), the values of reference evapotranspiration were calculated by the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method based on reference conditions. The penultimate chapter studies how to realize double station navigation under the condition that we only know the path difference and the length of baseline between two stations. A one-dimensional equidistant double-base array is directly constructed, and the azimuth angle of the target is solved using the redundant calculation. The final study proposes a technique called “Data as a Service using Data Hibernation and Service Oriented Architecture” that plays a key role in the improvement of the cloud network by enforcing a pay-as-you-go concept.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 35 first provides a classification scheme of assembly line balancing problems according to characteristic practical settings, highlighting relevant model extensions which are required to reflect real-world problems. Additionally, an assembly line balancing problem is introduced through designing an integrated assembly line and addressing the number of workstations and simultaneous assignments of skilled and unskilled workers. The authors describe an analogy between the methods of adaptive control used in classical control theory and practice on the one hand, and the methods of self-learning used in artificial intelligence systems on the other hand. In one study, a long short-term memory (LSTM) and a Bi-LSTM are proposed to use for classifying the activities of daily living. The accuracy of the proposed approach is evaluated against the current state-of-the-art methods. Two questions regarding very large-scale integration (VSLI) implementation of the X11 algorithm are addressed: how such algorithms are efficiently implemented at once, as well as whether it is possible to use the methods applied in such a VLSI in the implementation of more powerful VLSIs. The concluding study illustrates the azimuth concept in synthetic aperture radar thro ugh an analytical description of basic state of the art azimuth signal processing performed to generate synthetic aperture radar images.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 36 explores how the coordinated operation of various sources, usually renewable ones with energy storage, is integral to hybrid power systems. Hybrid power systems may vary from few watts to moment magnitude-scale providing energy services. This compilation also approaches for the optimisation of looped water distribution networks supplied from one or more sources, according to demand variation. In one study, 1-degree of freedom and 2-degree of freedom proportional-intergral-derivative and fractional order proportional–integral–derivative controllers have been designed and applied for the control of a Maglev system. The parameters of the 1- and 2-degree of freedom proportional-intergral-derivative and fractional order proportional-intergral-derivative controllers are tuned by the Cuckoo Search algorithm based on the swarm intelligence approach. In the penultimate chapter, the effect of neglecting either one accumulation term in the energy balance or the energy balance all together in numerical predictions is investigated. Finally, we consider the batch rectification of an acetic acid-water-ethyl acetate ternary mixture. Additionally, the authors discuss management cost analysis, a procedure that can cause major impacts on the economy of a particular activity. Constant observation and efficient monitoring are important to the estimated costs in the planning of mining.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 37 opens with an analysis of the advantages and mechanisms of ink-jet printing techniques in negative temperature coefficient thermistor ceramics, mainly exploring the basic requirements to ink-jet print ceramic microspheres/beads. The authors go on to provide a brief historical review of the science of natural convection from vertical cylinders, followed by an in-depth review and summary of the major developments in the last 20 years. A survey of frequently encountered classes of convection systems is presented, as well as a cursory introduction to how the concepts and relations derived for a generalized buoyancy-induced flow system may be adapted to each. Solution optimization for task scheduling using a hybrid cuckoo algorithm is discussed. Cuckoo search is an effective algorithm focused on swarm intelligence, efficient for solving highly non-linear optimization problems. Subsequently, heat transfer characteristics of an open cubic cavity of side 0.034 m with thermally insulated side-walls, bottom at constant temperature and top open to the environment is studied experimentally. The authors present frequency domain equalization techniques for single-carrier and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. The described techniques are classic approaches including least squares, zero-forcing, and more. Following this a comprehensive design and implementation based on the STM32 microcontroller is proposed for a two-wheel self-balancing robot. In addition, mathematical modeling is performed based on the thermal behavior of an underground substation of an energy concessionaire in the southern region of Brazil. Lastly, an original architecture of residual neural network using skeleton data is proposed. A new complex linear layer aimed at retrieving the internal relationships of neural cells is discussed.

In engineering, there are different design objectives for heat pump systems, such as the maximum coefficient of performance, the maximum net heat flow rate into the high temperature heat source and the best thermo-economic performance. As such, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of heat pump technology, focusing on system design, performance, optimization and applications associated with this technology. Following this, a research study on the optimal operation of a power system in the presence of renewable sources is presented, considering two objectives: decreasing power losses and improving the voltage level in the nodes of the electric network. A method for detecting short-path wormhole tunnels rather than relying solely on topological features of the network is described. In a wormhole attack, the malicious nodes generally work in pairs and set up a high-speed tunnel for long distances between them. An approach to multi-objective optimization techniques is presented and applied to either subtractive or additive manufacturing processes. Additionally, the suitability of multi-objective optimization methods is depicted through a case study related to the selective laser melting process. The performance evaluation of the binary heap tree-based discrete particle swarm optimization is presented and compared with existing Pareto dominance-based multi-objective techniques such as non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II and non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization. In closing, the authors present a problem that highlights the influence that bidirectional power flows may have on solutions regarding the optimal allocation of energy storage systems in real microgrids in the developing country of Romania.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 39 first discusses clustering, a well-known problem in statistics and engineering concerning how to arrange a set of vectors (measurements) into a number of groups (clusters). The fundamental concepts of hierarchical algorithms are described, along with a review of the different linkage criterions and recent developments aimed at improving the pioneer versions. The authors presents recent developments regarding the use of water electrolysis, which results in the obtainment of syngas that may be used for power generation and the production of fuels and chemical intermediate compounds. A multi-objective optimization model for optimizing the operation of natural gas pipeline networks is developed for different network configurations, namely linear, branch and looped topologies. An overview of degummed biodiesel preparation is provided, along with a study of engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption of degummed biodiesel and their diesel blends. The authors go on to introduce the principles of the Distributed Reflective Denial of Service attack, discussing the threats of this kind of attack, as well as the impact on the victim server and victim network. In the closing study, a comprehensive model of a quadrotor is built with physical analysis, parameter and function identifications. The propeller and motor properties are tested in a wind tunnel in scheduled conditions in the presence of relative air flow.

Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 40 first presents the characteristics of the laser-plasma extreme ultraviolet radiation from solid rare gas targets composed of Xe, Kr and Ar, along with the performances of the radiation sources developed using these targets. Following this, the authors consider the most important issues related to creating a universal system of adaptive applications for use in the Internet of Things and Internet of People systems. Previous techniques and recent advances in circuit techniques are reviewed, and a comparison of the reported techniques in the context of low-pass continuous-time Delta-Sigma modulators is presented. A comprehensive overview of the properties of aggregates used on roads is provided, particularly focusing on their influence on the mechanical and skid resistance of road surfaces. An analytical approach that allows for a rough prediction of the of the acoustic parameters of road surface is also presented. The attenuation depends on frequency, propagation distance, angle of incidence and geometric configuration of sources and sensors. Due to computation complexity, the VLSI implementation of Inter-Prediction in the H.264/Advanced Video Coding imposes latency, memory bandwidth, and area cost challenges. To tackle these obstacles, the authors discuss a design methodology which exploits the relationship between the main processes in inter-prediction to enhance the performance while keeping an affordable design cost. The penultimate study focuses on the way we can interpret linguistic algebra to understand and reverse translation formulas’ linguistic algebra into natural language text as a verbal expression of meaning. This will improve the performance of any computer system when working with text. Recent computational tools of vector fields, including vector data representations, predictive models of spatial data, as well as applications in computer vision, signal processing and empirical sciences are reviewed in closing.

This compilation opens with a study wherein investigations are conducted on a single cylinder four-stroke common rail direct injection conventional diesel engine using a combination of biodiesels derived from safflower oil methyl ester and dairy scum oil methyl ester in equal ratio. Another study focuses on the effect an internal jet piston provides on the piston surface with varied numbers of holes (2 and 4). A comprehensive overview of solid propellant combustion models and numerical simulations is summarized in an effort to determine an exact propellant burning rate under different operating conditions. The authors demonstrate how advanced mesh morphing based on radial basis functions can be used to update the shape of a component acting directly on its computational mesh. Following this, a new framework is presented for estimating the level of additive white Gaussian noise occurring in a noisy image, investigating the trailing singular values to infer the noise level. The detection technology of fluorescence lidar for biological aerosol is also studied, exploring this technique according to the dependency relation between the intensity and relative content of atmospheric biological aerosol fluorescence. In order to overcome the problem of high transmission loss in visible light communication systems, the authors propose a novel design for a 1×4 optical demultiplexer based on the multimode interference in a slot waveguide structure that operates at 547, 559, 566 and 584 nm. A literature review concerning 3D printing models in neurosurgery is performed, offering a new way to approach cerebral pathologies. The closing study discusses the flux-corrected transport algorithm and presents simulation results from several strong shock problems, including benchmark problems as well as impact-generated or explosive-driven shock propagation problems.

This compilation comprises eight chapters that each present a particular advancement in engineering research. Chapter One describes four theories of heat transfer analysis and optimization and analyzes the positive and negative aspects of each theory. Chapter Two presents some of the main maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms and evaluates some of them through a MatLab/Simulink® platform. Chapter Three discusses eye tracking technology, one of the most direct and continuous measures of attention, and its potential applications in manufacturing environments. Chapter Four focuses on the fundamentals of model predictive control and its application to multiphase electric drives for use in electric vehicles. Chapter Five presents a systematic design of a fully differential Gain-Boosted telescopic amplifier. Chapter Six deals with a method for evaluating the fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination of assembly line workers using eye-tracking technology. Similarly, the seventh chapter proposes a method of using eye-tracking technology to help understand the underlying cognitive processes of participants tasked with answering computer science questions. Finally, the eighth chapter addresses two popular problems in mechanical engineering from an inverse problem perspective.

This monograph consists of six chapters, each detailing a recent advancement in the field of engineering research. Chapter One proposes a new approach to the statistically proper analysis of the complex of the important mechanical properties such as tensile strength (), strain at break (), and Young’s modulus (Е) of high-strength high-modulus oriented polymeric materials. Chapter Two proposes an approach to solving inverse problems of economic analysis using weighting factors based on the representation of the problem as an optimization one. Chapter Three explains the introduction of new OS kernel internals for new metrics for the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) and cloud performance prediction. Chapter Four presents an overview of the theory of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) that includes the operation principle, the mathematical model for the effect of electromagnetic induction on neuronal cable, and developing an optimized design for the TMS system. Chapter Five analyzes the implementation of two N3 compute-intensive embarrassingly parallel algorithms on multicore architectures using OpenMP and many core architectures using OpenCL and CUDA to solve a problem of materials science, i.e. the frequency of shears in the plastic deformation of metals. Lastly, Chapter Six deals with the main aspects of a multidisciplinary design optimization synthesis carried out for a novel spacecraft configuration able to perform a return mission from low Earth orbit, ending with a conventional landing on a horizontal runway.

This book compiles various recent advancements in engineering research. Chapter One deals with the important research problem of electric current processing and treatment of melts for increasing quality indicators of the produced castings. Chapter Two describes the use of computational fluid dynamics techniques to assess and design intensified distillation systems. Chapter Three examines machine learning opportunities for emerging memory and computing devices discovery. Lastly, Chapter Four details a case study in which an application of different approaches to missing data for short-term electric load forecasting by using an advanced gene expression programming algorithm is comprehensively introduced.

This book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centering on engineering applications including current research data on the environmental impacts of future technologies of commercial aircraft; health and safety in engineering; high temperature degradation of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings in the oxidizing environment; neutrino telescopes and neutrino interactions and a rotocraft trim procedure for the prediction of fuselage vibrations.

This volume includes seven chapters presenting recent advancements in engineering research. Chapter One investigates soybean processing to identify the best technologies to transform soybean byproducts into new products. Chapter Two provides an overview of intrinsically conducting polymers-based electrochemical sensors as quick and easy diagnostic tools for bacterial infection control. Chapter Three presents a programmable logic controller/human-machine interface-based logic design laboratory platform for computer science and electrical engineering students. Chapter Four evaluates artificial neural network systems for bioengineering systems and industries. Chapter Five determines the efficacy of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the adsorptive removal of acrylic acid from water. Chapter Six deals with regulating the direction of movement of air contaminated with dust, smoke, and soot in worship halls. Lastly, Chapter Seven aims to explore different domains where non-quantum and quantum resources co-exist and non-classicality arises in different forms.

This volume contains six chapters describing some of the latest advancements in engineering research. Chapter One presents a detailed methodology to evaluate bio-based projects, including financial, technical, and market uncertainties at the early stages, when less information is available. Chapter Two analyzes the latest scientific articles and reports which deal with the adverse consequences of 5G network development. Chapter Three explains how new technologies, including downlink and uplink decoupling and machine learning, can support 5G networks and form core components of future networks. Chapter Four presents the latest research results on the advantages and challenges of non-orthogonal multiple access networks. Chapter Five explores the four largest South Korean shipyards, analyzing their strategy and management techniques. Lastly, Chapter Six examines the factors affecting the choice of welding method in the basic stages of shipbuilding.

This volume includes six chapters, each of which provides updates in the field of engineering research. Chapter One reviews how cognitive radio schemes such as spectrum pooling among others improve the use of millimeter waves in mobile networks. Chapter Two introduces coupling theory and exhibits two manipulation methods for array antennas. Chapter Three describes a hardware implementation of a Simplified Gabor Wavelet transform-based approach for edge detection in image processing. Chapter Four presents a model of using multiple factor analysis and grouping to estimate the disparities in crop production development among different regions. Chapter Five models a cybernetic attack using colored petri nets to modify and delay the transmission of messages. Lastly, Chapter Six presents data mining techniques applied to a road traffic accidents database in Morocco to analyze choke points and intersection types that caused previous accidents.