Vinod Kumar Khanna – författare

Nanosensors are innovative devices that exploit the unique properties exhibited by matter at the nanoscale. A growing and exciting field, nanosensors have recently spurred considerable research endeavors across the globe, driving a need for the development of new device concepts and engineering nanostructured materials with controlled properties. Nanosensors: Physical, Chemical, and Biological, Second Edition offers a panoramic view of the field and related nanotechnologies with extraordinary clarity and depth.Presenting an interdisciplinary approach, blending physics, chemistry and biology, this new edition is broad in scope and organised into six parts; beginning with the fundamentals before moving onto nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies in the second part. The third and fourth parts provide a critical appraisal of physical nanosensors, and explore the chemical and biological categories of nanosensors. The fifth part sheds light on the emerging applications of nanosensors in the sectors of society, industry, and defense and details the cutting-edge applications of state-of-the-art nanosensors in environmental science, food technology, medical diagnostics, and biotechnology. The final part addresses self-powering and networking issues of nanosensors, and provides glimpses of future trends.This is an ideal reference for researchers and industry professionals engaged in the frontier areas of material science and semiconductor fabrication as well as graduate students in physics and engineering pursuing electrical engineering and electronics courses with a focus on nanoscience and nanotechnology.Key features: Provides an updated, all-encompassing exploration of contemporary nanosensors and highlights the exclusive nanoscale properties on which nanosensors are designed.Presents an accessible approach with a question-and-answer format to allow an easy grasp of the intricacies involved in the complex working mechanisms of devices.Contains clear, illustrative diagrams enabling the visualization of nanosensor operations, along with worked examples, end of chapter questions, and exhaustive up-to-date bibliographies appended to each chapter.

This introductory text develops the reader’s fundamental understanding of core principles and experimental aspects underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. The author makes a thorough and systematic presentation of electron transport in quantum-confined systems such as quantum dots, quantum wires, and quantum wells together with Landauer-Büttiker formalism and non-equilibrium Green’s function approach. The coverage encompasses nanofabrication techniques and characterization tools followed by a comprehensive exposition of nanoelectronic devices including resonant tunneling diodes, nanoscale MOSFETs, carbon nanotube FETs, high-electron-mobility transistors, single-electron transistors, and heterostructure optoelectronic devices. The writing throughout is simple and straightforward, with clearly drawn illustrations and extensive self-study exercises for each chapter. Introduces the basic concepts underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. Offers a broad overview of the field, including state-of-the-art developments. Covers the relevant quantum and solid-state physics and nanoelectronic device principles. Written in lucid language with accessible mathematical treatment. Includes extensive end-of-chapter exercises and many insightful diagrams.

Nanosensors are innovative devices that exploit the unique properties exhibited by matter at the nanoscale. A growing and exciting field, nanosensors have recently spurred considerable research endeavors across the globe, driving a need for the development of new device concepts and engineering nanostructured materials with controlled properties. Nanosensors: Physical, Chemical, and Biological, Second Edition offers a panoramic view of the field and related nanotechnologies with extraordinary clarity and depth.Presenting an interdisciplinary approach, blending physics, chemistry and biology, this new edition is broad in scope and organised into six parts; beginning with the fundamentals before moving onto nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies in the second part. The third and fourth parts provide a critical appraisal of physical nanosensors, and explore the chemical and biological categories of nanosensors. The fifth part sheds light on the emerging applications of nanosensors in the sectors of society, industry, and defense and details the cutting-edge applications of state-of-the-art nanosensors in environmental science, food technology, medical diagnostics, and biotechnology. The final part addresses self-powering and networking issues of nanosensors, and provides glimpses of future trends.This is an ideal reference for researchers and industry professionals engaged in the frontier areas of material science and semiconductor fabrication as well as graduate students in physics and engineering pursuing electrical engineering and electronics courses with a focus on nanoscience and nanotechnology.Key features: Provides an updated, all-encompassing exploration of contemporary nanosensors and highlights the exclusive nanoscale properties on which nanosensors are designed.Presents an accessible approach with a question-and-answer format to allow an easy grasp of the intricacies involved in the complex working mechanisms of devices.Contains clear, illustrative diagrams enabling the visualization of nanosensor operations, along with worked examples, end of chapter questions, and exhaustive up-to-date bibliographies appended to each chapter.

A comprehensive and "state-of-the-art" coverage of the design and fabrication of IGBT. All-in-one resourceExplains the fundamentals of MOS and bipolar physics.Covers IGBT operation, device and process design, power modules, and new IGBT structures.

This introductory text develops the reader’s fundamental understanding of core principles and experimental aspects underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. The author makes a thorough and systematic presentation of electron transport in quantum-confined systems such as quantum dots, quantum wires, and quantum wells together with Landauer-Büttiker formalism and non-equilibrium Green’s function approach. The coverage encompasses nanofabrication techniques and characterization tools followed by a comprehensive exposition of nanoelectronic devices including resonant tunneling diodes, nanoscale MOSFETs, carbon nanotube FETs, high-electron-mobility transistors, single-electron transistors, and heterostructure optoelectronic devices. The writing throughout is simple and straightforward, with clearly drawn illustrations and extensive self-study exercises for each chapter. Introduces the basic concepts underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. Offers a broad overview of the field, including state-of-the-art developments. Covers the relevant quantum and solid-state physics and nanoelectronic device principles. Written in lucid language with accessible mathematical treatment. Includes extensive end-of-chapter exercises and many insightful diagrams.

Presenting a comprehensive overview of a rapidly burgeoning field blending solar cell technology with nanotechnology, the book covers topics such as solar cell basics, nanotechnology fundamentals, nanocrystalline silicon-based solar cells, nanotextured-surface solar cells, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, optically-improved nanoengineered solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, 2D perovskite and 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite solar cells, carbonaceous nanomaterial-based solar cells, quantum well solar cells, nanowire solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The book provides an in-depth and lucid presentation of the subject matter in an elegant, easy-to-understand writing style, starting from basic knowledge through principles of operation and fabrication of devices to advanced research levels encompassing the recent breakthroughs and cutting-edge innovations. It will be useful for graduate and PhD students, scientists, and engineers. Key features: * Builds an integrated perspective of photovoltaics by highlighting the essential role of nanotechnology in each type of solar cell. * Performs simplified mathematical analysis of operational mechanisms of nanostructured solar cells supplemented with solved examples.* Enhances learning with clear explanations of technological advances and illustrative diagrams without sacrificing scientific rigor.

Presenting a comprehensive overview of a rapidly burgeoning field blending solar cell technology with nanotechnology, the book covers topics such as solar cell basics, nanotechnology fundamentals, nanocrystalline silicon-based solar cells, nanotextured-surface solar cells, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, optically-improved nanoengineered solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, 2D perovskite and 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite solar cells, carbonaceous nanomaterial-based solar cells, quantum well solar cells, nanowire solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The book provides an in-depth and lucid presentation of the subject matter in an elegant, easy-to-understand writing style, starting from basic knowledge through principles of operation and fabrication of devices to advanced research levels encompassing the recent breakthroughs and cutting-edge innovations. It will be useful for graduate and PhD students, scientists, and engineers. Key features: * Builds an integrated perspective of photovoltaics by highlighting the essential role of nanotechnology in each type of solar cell. * Performs simplified mathematical analysis of operational mechanisms of nanostructured solar cells supplemented with solved examples.* Enhances learning with clear explanations of technological advances and illustrative diagrams without sacrificing scientific rigor.

2D Materials-Based Sensors: Technology and Applications is a comprehensive book covering the latest innovations on sensors using the unique properties of 2D materials. This specialized text: Key Features Describes 2D materials process technology and integration of these materials into sensor fabrication. Provides an in-depth coverage of the underlying physics, operation, and performance metrics of 2D materials-based sensors. Highlights state-of-the-art developments in 2D material sensors vis-à-vis challenges faced in their fabrication. Presents glimpses of emerging 2D materials-based sensor technologies that will shape the future. Expedites understanding and learning through plain, lucid explanations, and clear, insightful diagrams.Commencing from an introductory survey of the 2D materials family, the book describes their impressive properties and their top-down and bottom-up synthesis techniques. The succeeding chapters present detailed descriptions of 2D materials-based mechanical sensors, photodetectors, magnetic sensors together with quantum sensors, heavy-metal ion sensors, gas sensors, and biological sensors. The book concludes with the research challenges, emerging trends, and limitations providing a balanced perspective of this fast-progressing field. This book is a concise guide for students, scientists, and technologists engaged in sensor research and development.

This book introduces the basics of the Internet of Things (IoT) and explores the foundational role ofsensors in IoT applications. The IoT is a network of devices and objects: sensors, actuators, hardware,software, human beings, domestic appliances, health monitoring equipment, and other thingsconnected to the internet, which is designed to operate in a coordinated fashion to receive, process,and interpret signals and take appropriate action.It provides a seamless real-time interface between the physical and digital worlds by integratingsensors with networking, computation, and actuation facilities. This book sketches a perspective ofthe IoT with sensors as the focus of attention. Diverse applications of the IoT that are destined tomake an impact on our everyday lives in the near future are discussed.It presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent sensor technologies used in the IoT tokeep the reader abreast of the current advances at the frontiers of knowledge.The book will cater to student and professional audiences, and will be useful for postgraduate andPh.D. students studying physics, engineering, and computer science as well as researchers, engineers,and industrial workers engaged in this fast-progressing field.Key Features:• Explains the basic concepts and important terms of ‘Internet of Things’ in simple language• Provides an up-to-date coverage of the key sensors used in IoT applications• Explores IoT applications in smart cities, smart agriculture, smart factory, and many more

Artificial intelligence (AI) robots can learn from their experiences, make decisions in real time, understand natural language and human gestures, and utilize computer vision to perceive and comprehend their environments. Beginning with the rudimentary concepts of AI, AI Robotics: Ethics, Algorithms, and Technology of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Robots explores the intersection of robotics and physics and emphasizes the need for strict adherence to ethical principles in relation to overall progress and the development of humankind. Chapters on robots capable of talking, listening, and visual perception similar to human beings are followed by discussions of those that display emotional intelligence. This book also discusses task and motion planning, a set of methods that help robot hardware achieve high-level goals by breaking down tasks into smaller, more manageable steps. Lastly, the text describes autonomous robots that can make independent decisions and execute tasks on their own, utilizing sensors and AI-enabled software programmed with predefined guidelines and data. Examples of autonomous robots are presented in a chapter on robot swarms that operate in a decentralized, self-organizing manner through local communication to manage disaster relief, search-and-rescue operations, warehouse logistics, agricultural practices, and environmental exploration. Offering an up-to-date, expansive, and comprehensive treatment of the vast interdisciplinary field of AI robotics, this book will be an invaluable resource for postgraduate and doctorate students as well as academic researchers and professional engineers working on AI-enabled robotics.The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.Key FeaturesExplores the research frontiers and advancements leveraged by integrating AI with roboticsHighlights the unique challenges faced in robot vision and speech recognition vis-à-vis computer vision and standard speech processingProvides a state-of-the-art overview of emotional recognition, task and motion planning, and coordinated functioning of robots in multi-robot systems

Artificial intelligence (AI) robots can learn from their experiences, make decisions in real time, understand natural language and human gestures, and utilize computer vision to perceive and comprehend their environments. Beginning with the rudimentary concepts of AI, AI Robotics: Ethics, Algorithms, and Technology of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Robots explores the intersection of robotics and physics and emphasizes the need for strict adherence to ethical principles in relation to overall progress and the development of humankind. Chapters on robots capable of talking, listening, and visual perception similar to human beings are followed by discussions of those that display emotional intelligence. This book also discusses task and motion planning, a set of methods that help robot hardware achieve high-level goals by breaking down tasks into smaller, more manageable steps. Lastly, the text describes autonomous robots that can make independent decisions and execute tasks on their own, utilizing sensors and AI-enabled software programmed with predefined guidelines and data. Examples of autonomous robots are presented in a chapter on robot swarms that operate in a decentralized, self-organizing manner through local communication to manage disaster relief, search-and-rescue operations, warehouse logistics, agricultural practices, and environmental exploration. Offering an up-to-date, expansive, and comprehensive treatment of the vast interdisciplinary field of AI robotics, this book will be an invaluable resource for postgraduate and doctorate students as well as academic researchers and professional engineers working on AI-enabled robotics.The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.Key FeaturesExplores the research frontiers and advancements leveraged by integrating AI with roboticsHighlights the unique challenges faced in robot vision and speech recognition vis-à-vis computer vision and standard speech processingProvides a state-of-the-art overview of emotional recognition, task and motion planning, and coordinated functioning of robots in multi-robot systems

Mathematics is the foundation of machine learning algorithms. To understand the shortcomings of existing algorithms and develop more effective methods, it is essential to understand the mathematical concepts underlying these algorithms and their operational principles. This book serves as an introductory resource, outlining the preliminary concepts and offering insights into the mathematical foundations and operational mechanisms of machine learning algorithms. It describes the basic equations and interrelates the questions arising during practical applications of machine learning with the basic mathematical picture of the algorithms used.Features• Introduces machine learning, highlights the central role of algorithms in machine learning, and explains the core mathematical prerequisites to understanding machine learning algorithms• Systematically examines the sequential steps of classical machine learning algorithms used for classification of data sets into distinct groups; regression, clustering analysis,• Provides an overview of value, policy, and model-based reinforcement learning algorithms. This book is for academicians, scholars, students, and professionals engaged in the study of machine learning and artificial intelligence.

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) nanoelectronics are approaching their physical limits, leading to issues such as excessive leakage and increased power consumption. New materials, computing methods, and state variables are being investigated to solve these issues. These emerging technologies embrace a wide range of cutting-edge developments aimed at surpassing the physical constraints of traditional CMOS devices. This research is vital for enabling future computing abilities, particularly in devices that could serve new functions in fields such as artificial intelligence and quantum information processing.Providing an engaging and clear perspective on the future of nanoelectronics, this book will be a valuable reference for graduate students specializing in electrical engineering, computer engineering, materials science, and physics, as well as for university instructors delivering advanced coursework on nanoelectronics, VLSI design, and solid-state devices. Professional engineers and designers in the semiconductor field who wish to stay up to date on new technologies, as well as investigators in nanoelectronics and semiconductor technology, will also find it useful.Key features:Explains why conventional CMOS scaling is reaching its physical and technological limits and outlines new approaches necessary to improve performance.Highlights the importance of moving beyond electric-charge-based computing to explore alternative properties such as electron spin, for information storage and processing.Bridges the gap between devices and systems by integrating the core physics and materials science of devices with high-level architectural design and advanced packaging techniques.This book offers an in-depth examination of the challenges associated with conventional CMOS technology, outlining the obstacles and issues encountered with traditional CMOS scaling, including power and energy consumption, as well as variability, and highlighting the necessity for alternative technologies. It presents possible successor technologies to CMOS, including emerging logic devices, memory chips, compute-in-memory architectures, new materials, and integration methods. These technologies leverage alternative physical effects, including spintronics, neuromorphic computing, and quantum phenomena, and introduce novel functionalities to enhance performance.

Compared to traditional electrical filaments, arc lamps, and fluorescent lamps, solid-state lighting offers higher efficiency, reliability, and environmentally friendly technology. LED / solid-state lighting is poised to take over conventional lighting due to cost savings there is pretty much no debate about this. In response to the recent activity in this field, Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting: LEDs, OLEDs, and Their Applications in Illumination and Displays covers a range of solid-state devices, technologies, and materials used for lighting and displays. It also examines auxiliary but critical requirements of efficient applications, such as modeling, thermal management, reliability, and smart lighting. The book discusses performance metrics of LEDs such as efficiency, efficacy, current voltage characteristics, optical parameters like spectral distribution, color temperature, and beam angle before moving on to luminescence theory, injection luminescence, radiative and non-radiative recombination mechanisms, recombination rates, carrier lifetimes, and related topics. This lays down the groundwork for understanding LED operation. The book then discusses energy gaps, light emission, semiconductor material, special equipment, and laboratory facilities. It also covers production and applications of high-brightness LEDs (HBLEDs) and organic LEDs (OLEDs).LEDs represent the landmark development in lighting since the invention of electric lighting, allowing us to create unique, low-energy lighting solutions, not to talk about their minor maintenance expenses. The rapid strides of LED lighting technology over the last few years have changed the dynamics of the global lighting market, and LEDs are expected to be the mainstream light source in the near future. In a nutshell, the book traces the advances in LEDs, OLEDs, and their applications, and presents an up-to-date and analytical perspective of the scenario for audiences of differen