Vwani Roychowdhury - Böcker

This text brings together in one volume some of the recent advances in the development of a theoretical framework for studying neural networks. A variety of novel techniques from disciplines such as computer science, electrical engineering, statistics, and mathematics have been integrated and applied to develop ground-breaking analytical tools for such studies. This volume emphasizes the computational issues in artificial neural networks and compiles a set of pioneering research works, which together establish a general framework for studying the complexity of neural networks and their learning capabilities. This volume represents one of the first efforts to highlight these fundamental results, and provides a unified platform for a theoretical exploration of neural computation. Each chapter is authored by a leading researcher and/or scholar who has made significant contributions in this area. Part 1 provides a complexity theoretic study of different models of neural computation.Complexity measures for neural models are introduced, and techniques for the efficient design of networks for performing basic computations, as well as analytical tools for understanding the capabilities and limitations of neural computation are discussed. The results describe how the computational cost of a neural network increases with the problem size. Equally important, these results go beyond the study of single neural elements, and establish to computational power of multilayer networks. Part 2 discusses concepts and results concerning learning using models of neural computation. Basic concepts such as VC-dimension and PAC-learning are introduced, and recent results relating neural networks to learning theory are derived. In addition, a number of the chapters address fundamental issues concerning learning algorithms, such as accuracy and rate of convergence, selection of training data, and efficient algorithms for learning useful classes of mappings.

The traditional systems disciplines of communications, computation, control and signal processing are becoming increasingly important in addressing major technological challenges of the coming century, in fields such as materials processing, manufacturing automation, speech recognition and ubiquitous personal communications, among many others. Moreover the boundaries between these separate disciplines are being rapidly blurred by the many demands of these applications. This Tribute, dedicated to Thomas Kailath for his many seminal contributions to these areas, highlights several recent trends and results, described by leading scientists and engineers from around the world.The 36 papers in this volume present important results on, among others, interference cancellation in multipath channels, decision feedback equalization for packet transmission, blind equalization and smart antennas for mobile communications, displacement structure, fast and stable algorithms in numerical linear algebra, nonconvex optimization problems, issues in nanoelectronic computation, fundamental limits of control system performance, LQG control with communication constraints, nonlinear control, adaptive nonlinear control, model identification, tomographic deconvolution, and higher-order statistics. The applications discussed herein include packet radio, robotics, very flexible mechanical systems, power systems and power electronics, moving object detection, complexity management and several others. The volume starts out with a survey by Professor Kailath entitled `Norbert Wiener and the Development of Mathematical Engineering', a term suggested by Wiener that can serve as a compact description of the variety of fields described herein.

For any research field to have a lasting impact, there must be a firm theoretical foundation. Neural networks research is no exception. Some of the founda­ tional concepts, established several decades ago, led to the early promise of developing machines exhibiting intelligence. The motivation for studying such machines comes from the fact that the brain is far more efficient in visual processing and speech recognition than existing computers. Undoubtedly, neu­ robiological systems employ very different computational principles. The study of artificial neural networks aims at understanding these computational prin­ ciples and applying them in the solutions of engineering problems. Due to the recent advances in both device technology and computational science, we are currently witnessing an explosive growth in the studies of neural networks and their applications. It may take many years before we have a complete understanding about the mechanisms of neural systems. Before this ultimate goal can be achieved, an­ swers are needed to important fundamental questions such as (a) what can neu­ ral networks do that traditional computing techniques cannot, (b) how does the complexity of the network for an application relate to the complexity of that problem, and (c) how much training data are required for the resulting network to learn properly? Everyone working in the field has attempted to answer these questions, but general solutions remain elusive. However, encouraging progress in studying specific neural models has been made by researchers from various disciplines.