W. D. Heiss – författare

Parameters such as membrane transport, metabolism and protein incorporation govern the fate of amino acids in living tissue. Is it possible to use positron tomography to measure some of them, and what is their meaning in normal and pathological situations? These questions have been addressed for a long time and no satisfactory answer has yet been given. This book, which derives from an EEC workshop organized in the frame of the Concerted Action on "PET Investigation of Cellular Regeneration and Degeneration", held in Lyon in February 1992, gives the present state of knowledge in this field based on the most recent studies. Contributions from 24 leading European and American scientists are presented and discussed.

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides unbiased in vivo measurement of local tracer activity at very high sensitivity. This is a unique property unmatched by other imaging modalities. When PETwas introduced into medicine more than 25years ago, the first organ of major interest was the brain. Since then, PET has flourished as an extremely powerful and versatile tool in scientific brain studies, whereas its use as a diagnostic tool in clinical neurology remains limited. This is in contrast to its use in otherapplications,particularlyoncology,where its value in clinical diagnosis is more widely appreciated. Wethink this situation is unfortu­ nate, because PET can contribute more to clinical neurology and clinical neuro­ science than is generally perceived today. Realization of its potential will require very close cooperation between PETexperts and clinicians and the integration of PET into clinical studies. Thus, in this book we review PETin neuroscience,with particular emphasis on findings that indicate its potential for improving diagno­ sis and treatment in neurology and psychiatry. We want to improve the trans­ ferability of the enormous scientific advances in brain PET into clinical care so as to produce tangible human benefit [1]. Wewish to guide both nuclear medicine specialists and also neurologists and psychiatrists in the use of PET. We there­ fore focus on practical and potentially clinically relevant issues, identifying solid ground as well as open questions that require further research, and we see this targeted presentation as complementary to more general PET textbooks and reviews.

The International Symposium on Positron Emission Tomography of the Brain was held at Schloss Auel in Lohmar, near Cologne, FRG, on May 3rd to 8th, 1982. This isolated place was chosen to bring together and keep together people active in research employing PET. The partic­ ipants were asked to report their ongoing work, to discuss upcoming problems, and to indicate future developments. In contrast to the large international meetings which suffer from lack of time for discussion and are affected by the distractions of major cities, our symposium provided ample opportunity for discussion during the scientific sessions and guaranteed a free exchange of ideas during the leisure time spent to­ gether. It also gave us the chance to celebrate the founding of a new Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, whose two depart­ ments are headed by Dr. K. -A. Hossmann and myself, and to mark the start of positron emission tomography in our laboratory. The book contains the invited papers presented at the meeting and the formal minipapers given at the final general discussion, moderated su­ perbly by Dr. L. Sokoloff. In order to accelerate publication, the discus­ sions of the individual papers and the final discussion have been omit­ ted. However, every participant will remember the atmosphere and the highlights of the discussions, which gave a special character to the whole event.

This book contains the contributions to the symposium "Functional Mapping of the Brain in Vascular Disorders", held at the Thirteenth World Congress of Neurology, Sep- tember 1-6, 1985 in Hamburg, FRG. I have to thank the contributors to this symposium for submitting their manu- scripts long before the congress so that the printed procee- dings could be distributed to the audience. I hope that this will enable the participants in this symposium not only to recall the vivid presentation of the lectures and the highlights of the discussions, but also to widen their knowlegde of the topics dealt with during the symposium by rereading the chapters on the various issues. I would also like to express my thanks to the company UCB, Kerpen, FRG, who sup- ported the symposium and the printing of these proceedings. W. -D. HEISS Cologne, July 1985 Contents The Purpose of Functional Mapping in Focal Cerebral Ischemia W. -D. Heiss ...1 Positron Emission Tomography Versus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging? M. M. Ter-Pogossian (With 1 Figure) ...5 Aims on Phosphorus-3l Magnetic Resonance Imaging K. Kogure, H. Ohtomo, S. Matsui, and H. Kohno (With 10 Figures) ...15 In Vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Sodium-23 in the Human Head S. K. Hilal, A. A. Maudsley, J. B. Ra, H. E. Simon, P. Roschmann, S. Wittekoek, Z. H. Cho, and S. K. Mun (With 5 Figures) ...29 Uncoupling of Flow and Metabolism in Infarcted Tissue T. Jones, R. J. S. Wise, R. S. J. Frackowiak, J. M.

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides unbiased in vivo measurement of local tracer activity at very high sensitivity. This is a unique property unmatched by other imaging modalities. When PETwas introduced into medicine more than 25years ago, the first organ of major interest was the brain. Since then, PET has flourished as an extremely powerful and versatile tool in scientific brain studies, whereas its use as a diagnostic tool in clinical neurology remains limited. This is in contrast to its use in otherapplications,particularlyoncology,where its value in clinical diagnosis is more widely appreciated. Wethink this situation is unfortu­ nate, because PET can contribute more to clinical neurology and clinical neuro­ science than is generally perceived today. Realization of its potential will require very close cooperation between PETexperts and clinicians and the integration of PET into clinical studies. Thus, in this book we review PETin neuroscience,with particular emphasis on findings that indicate its potential for improving diagno­ sis and treatment in neurology and psychiatry. We want to improve the trans­ ferability of the enormous scientific advances in brain PET into clinical care so as to produce tangible human benefit [1]. Wewish to guide both nuclear medicine specialists and also neurologists and psychiatrists in the use of PET. We there­ fore focus on practical and potentially clinically relevant issues, identifying solid ground as well as open questions that require further research, and we see this targeted presentation as complementary to more general PET textbooks and reviews.

Akute zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen - von Ärzten und Laien üblicherweise als "Schlaganfall" bezeichnet - bilden die dritthäufigste Todesursache in den industriellen Ländern und verursachen von allen Krankheitsgruppen die höchsten Folgekosten. Trotzdem fanden sie in der Vergangenheit nur wenig Beachtung, da sie häufig als letztes und nicht behandelbares schicksalshaftes Ereignis im Leben angesehen wurden. Dieses Buch stellt die im deutschen Sprachraum entwickelten Auffassungen über die einzelnen Krankheitsbilder und die hier üblichen Strategien für Diagnostik und Therapie heraus und grenzt sich dadurch zur angloamerikanischen Literatur ab. Damit ist es das umfassende Standardwerk zu Pathophysiologie, Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie akuter zerebrovaskulärer Erkrankungen aus zentraleuropäischer Sicht.

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides unbiased in vivo measurement of local tracer activity at very high sensitivity. This is a unique property unmatched by other imaging modalities. When PETwas introduced into medicine more than 25years ago, the first organ of major interest was the brain. Since then, PET has flourished as an extremely powerful and versatile tool in scientific brain studies, whereas its use as a diagnostic tool in clinical neurology remains limited. This is in contrast to its use in otherapplications,particularlyoncology,where its value in clinical diagnosis is more widely appreciated. Wethink this situation is unfortu­ nate, because PET can contribute more to clinical neurology and clinical neuro­ science than is generally perceived today. Realization of its potential will require very close cooperation between PETexperts and clinicians and the integration of PET into clinical studies. Thus, in this book we review PETin neuroscience,with particular emphasis on findings that indicate its potential for improving diagno­ sis and treatment in neurology and psychiatry. We want to improve the trans­ ferability of the enormous scientific advances in brain PET into clinical care so as to produce tangible human benefit [1]. Wewish to guide both nuclear medicine specialists and also neurologists and psychiatrists in the use of PET. We there­ fore focus on practical and potentially clinically relevant issues, identifying solid ground as well as open questions that require further research, and we see this targeted presentation as complementary to more general PET textbooks and reviews.

Akute zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen - von Ärzten und Laien üblicherweise als "Schlaganfall" bezeichnet - bilden die dritthäufigste Todesursache in den industriellen Ländern und verursachen von allen Krankheitsgruppen die höchsten Folgekosten. Trotzdem fanden sie in der Vergangenheit nur wenig Beachtung, da sie häufig als letztes und nicht behandelbares schicksalshaftes Ereignis im Leben angesehen wurden. Dieses Buch stellt die im deutschen Sprachraum entwickelten Auffassungen über die einzelnen Krankheitsbilder und die hier üblichen Strategien für Diagnostik und Therapie heraus und grenzt sich dadurch zur angloamerikanischen Literatur ab. Damit ist es das umfassende Standardwerk zu Pathophysiologie, Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie akuter zerebrovaskulärer Erkrankungen aus zentraleuropäischer Sicht.

Der hier vorgelegte Atlas der Positronen-Emis- This atlas of positron emISSIOn tomography sions-Tomographie (PET) des Gehirns solI an- (PET) of the brain, with its many illustrations, hand von Bildbeispielen einen Uberblick tiber die is designed to give an overall impression of the Leistungsfahigkeit dieser aufwendigen Technik efficiency of this method in demonstrating physi- ologic and pathologic changes in the central ner- bei der Darstellung von physiologischen und vous system. In view of the rapid and multifa- pathologischen Veranderungen im Zentralner- vensystem vermitteln. Wegen der raschen und ceted development of PET, it seemed unrealistic vielseitigen Entwicklung der PET muBte von to attempt a comprehensive review of all the ap- vornherein auf Vollstandigkeit der Darstellung plications still in developmental or even in experi- aller in Entwicklung oder erster Erprobung be- mental stages. Attention has therefore been fo- findlicher Anwendungen verzichtet werden.Es cused on those methods which are already in rela- wurde daher ein Schwerpunkt auf die Methoden tively widespread clinical use and which are pro- gesetzt, die schon breiter klinisch angewandt wer- viding relevant findings on the pathogenesis and den und relevante Befunde tiber Pathogenese und development of diseases of the brain. Investiga- 15 Verlauf von Erkrankungen des Gehirns liefern.

The International Symposium on Positron Emission Tomography of the Brain was held at Schloss Auel in Lohmar, near Cologne, FRG, on May 3rd to 8th, 1982. This isolated place was chosen to bring together and keep together people active in research employing PET. The partic­ ipants were asked to report their ongoing work, to discuss upcoming problems, and to indicate future developments. In contrast to the large international meetings which suffer from lack of time for discussion and are affected by the distractions of major cities, our symposium provided ample opportunity for discussion during the scientific sessions and guaranteed a free exchange of ideas during the leisure time spent to­ gether. It also gave us the chance to celebrate the founding of a new Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, whose two depart­ ments are headed by Dr. K. -A. Hossmann and myself, and to mark the start of positron emission tomography in our laboratory. The book contains the invited papers presented at the meeting and the formal minipapers given at the final general discussion, moderated su­ perbly by Dr. L. Sokoloff. In order to accelerate publication, the discus­ sions of the individual papers and the final discussion have been omit­ ted. However, every participant will remember the atmosphere and the highlights of the discussions, which gave a special character to the whole event.