Wei Liu – författare

Integrated Human-Machine Intelligence: Beyond Artificial Intelligence focuses on deep situational awareness in human-computer integration, covering the interaction and integration mechanisms of human intelligence, machine intelligence and environmental systems. The book also details the cognitive, philosophical, social, scientific and technological, and military theories and methods of human-computer division, cooperation and collaborative decision-making to provide basic theoretical support for a development strategy in the field of national intelligence. Sections focus on describing a new form of intelligence produced by the interaction of human, machine and environmental systems which will become the next generation of AI.

From the perspective of deep situational awareness in human-computer integration, the book studies the interaction and integration mechanisms of human intelligence, machine intelligence and environmental systems. In addition, it details the cognitive, philosophical, social, scientific and technological, and military theories and methods of human-computer division, cooperation and collaborative decision-making, so as to provide basic theoretical support for a development strategy in the field of national intelligence.

Summarizes the key ideas of computing, perception, cognition and insight into intelligence Provides intelligent omni-directional multi-angle stereo understanding, including the relevant basic concepts and the realization process of intelligence Proposes the concept, definition and framework of deep situational awareness, which is conducive to the realization and development of man-machine integrated intelligent systems Outlines the essence of intelligence, such as facts and values, reason and sensibility, contradiction and balance, etc.

This book provides a survey of the latest research and developments in plasma technology. In an easy and comprehensive manner, it explores what plasma is and the technologies utilized to produce plasma. It then investigates the main applications and their benefits. Different from other books on the topic that focus on specific aspects of plasma technology, the intention is to provide an introduction to all aspects related to plasma technologies. This book will be an ideal resource for graduate students studying plasma technologies, in addition to researchers in physics, engineering, and materials science.FeaturesAccessible and easy to understandProvides simple yet exhaustive explanations of the foundationsExplores the latest technologies and is filled with practical applications and case studies

This book provides a survey of the latest research and developments in plasma technology. In an easy and comprehensive manner, it explores what plasma is and the technologies utilized to produce plasma. It then investigates the main applications and their benefits. Different from other books on the topic that focus on specific aspects of plasma technology, the intention is to provide an introduction to all aspects related to plasma technologies. This book will be an ideal resource for graduate students studying plasma technologies, in addition to researchers in physics, engineering, and materials science.FeaturesAccessible and easy to understandProvides simple yet exhaustive explanations of the foundationsExplores the latest technologies and is filled with practical applications and case studies

This book provides an excellent reference for all professionals working in the area of array signal processing and its applications in wireless communications.  Wideband beamforming has advanced with the increasing bandwidth in wireless communications and the development of ultra wideband (UWB) technology.In this book, the authors address the fundamentals and most recent developments in the field of wideband beamforming. The book provides a thorough coverage of the subject including major sub-areas such as sub-band adaptive beamforming, frequency invariant beamforming, blind wideband beamforming, beamforming without temporal processing, and beamforming for multi-path signals.Key Features: Unique book focusing on wideband beamformingDiscusses a hot topic coinciding with the increasing bandwidth in wireless communications and the development of UWB technologyAddresses the general concept of beamforming including fixed beamformers and adaptive beamformersCovers advanced topics including sub-band adaptive beamforming, frequency invariant beamforming, blind wideband beamforming, beamforming without temporal processing, and beamforming for multi-path signalsIncludes various design examples and corresponding complexity analyses  This book provides a reference for engineers and researchers in wireless communications and signal processing fields. Postgraduate students studying signal processing will also find this book of interest.

China has traditionally been held up around the world as the archetype of centralised governance and a top-down system of public administration. But to what extent does this remain true of modern China? This book provides an updated perspective on modern China through a series of cutting edge, original studies focusing on public administration in China.The book opens with an overview of the key political institutions and the evolution of public administration research in China, followed by two distinct sections. Part I contains studies focusing on power, governance, and administration. Part II focuses on ‘what works’ in solving wicked problems in Chinese society. The volume shows that China has seen some localisation and decentralisation, alongside experiments with collaboration and networked-based policy making. However, the system of governance and public administration remains innately top-down and centralised with the centre holding strong policy levers and control over society. As the pandemic revealed, this statist approach provided both governing opportunities and disadvantages.The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Policy Studies.

China has traditionally been held up around the world as the archetype of centralised governance and a top-down system of public administration. But to what extent does this remain true of modern China? This book provides an updated perspective on modern China through a series of cutting edge, original studies focusing on public administration in China.The book opens with an overview of the key political institutions and the evolution of public administration research in China, followed by two distinct sections. Part I contains studies focusing on power, governance, and administration. Part II focuses on ‘what works’ in solving wicked problems in Chinese society. The volume shows that China has seen some localisation and decentralisation, alongside experiments with collaboration and networked-based policy making. However, the system of governance and public administration remains innately top-down and centralised with the centre holding strong policy levers and control over society. As the pandemic revealed, this statist approach provided both governing opportunities and disadvantages.The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Policy Studies.

This book explores acupuncture's remarkable evolution in the United States over the last fifty years as it transitioned from an obscure practice to a pivotal modality in complementary medicine. These pages chronicle acupuncture's transformative journey within the dominant culture of Western scientific medicine, highlighting key milestones from the use of acupuncture in pain management to the NIH-sponsored open-access digital compendium of acupuncture points and related information. Through narratives detailing educational advancements, legislative battles, practical applications, and scientific research, the reader gains a comprehensive view of how acupuncture has navigated controversies and debates to secure its place in modern healthcare. This book traces acupuncture's expanding role in the healthcare system, reflects on its historical significance, and considers its future in global health. Insightful commentary provides acupuncture practitioners, skeptics, and aficionados with a useful overview of acupuncture's past, its current achievements and its promise for the future.

Grounded in autoethnographic observations and informed by critical, postmodern, ethnographic, and narrative approaches, this work presents a new framework for intercultural communication education that aims to deconstruct normative intercultural paradigms.Critical scholars in intercultural communication education have advocated a shift from the essentialist approach, which focuses on the Western Centre, to a non-essentialist approach that treats all national cultures as equally complex, rich, and legitimate. However, deconstructing old frameworks is easier than constructing new alternatives. At the heart of this book lies the “Lebowski Shock”, an innovative theoretical construct that bridges the gap between the ideals of non-essentialist and non-stereotypical intercultural learning, and their practical implementation. It can overcome the human cognitive tendency toward essentialism and the entrenched power structures that perpetuate essentialist views. By offering a tangible and actionable framework, the “Lebowski Shock” equips readers with the tools to approach learning, teaching, and collaboration across diverse cultural contexts and foster open-ended, participatory, nuanced, and respectful intercultural engagement.This book will serve as an essential resource for scholars, educators, and students in intercultural communication education, as well as for anyone dedicated to promoting intercultural understanding.

Seismic Risk Analysis of Nuclear Power Plants addresses the needs of graduate students in engineering, practicing engineers in industry, and regulators in government agencies, presenting the entire process of seismic risk analysis in a clear, logical, and concise manner. It offers a systematic and comprehensive introduction to seismic risk analysis of critical engineering structures focusing on nuclear power plants, with a balance between theory and applications, and includes the latest advances in research. It is suitable as a graduate-level textbook, for self-study, or as a reference book. Various aspects of seismic risk analysis - from seismic hazard, demand, and fragility analyses to seismic risk quantification, are discussed, with detailed step-by-step analysis of specific engineering examples. It presents a wide range of topics essential for understanding and performing seismic risk analysis, including engineering seismology, probability theory and random processes, digital signal processing, structural dynamics, random vibration, and engineering risk and reliability.

This new edition includes approximately 30% new materials covering the following information that has been added to this important work: extends the contents on Li-ion batteries detailing the positive and negative electrodes and characteristics and other components including binder, electrolyte, separator and foils, and the structure of Li-ion battery cell. Nickel-cadmium batteries are deleted.adds a new section presenting the modelling of multi-mode electrically variable transmission, which gradually became the main structure of the hybrid power-train during the last 5 years.newly added chapter on noise and vibration of hybrid vehicles introduces the basics of vibration and noise issues associated with power-train, driveline and vehicle vibrations, and addresses control solutions to reduce the noise and vibration levels.Chapter 10 (chapter 9 of the first edition) is extended by presenting EPA and UN newly required test drive schedules and test procedures for hybrid electric mileage calculation for window sticker considerations.In addition to the above major changes in this second edition, adaptive charging sustaining point determination method is presented to have a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with optimum performance.

An authoritative guide to the latest developments for the design of low-cost smart antennasTraditional smart antenna systems are costly, consume great amounts of power and are bulky size. Low-cost Smart Antennas offers a guide to designing smart antenna systems that are low cost, low power, and compact in size and can be applied to satellite communications, radar and mobile communications. The authors — noted experts on the topic — provide introductions to the fundamental concepts of antennas, array antennas and smart antennas. The book fills a gap in the literature by presenting the design techniques of low-cost radio frequency (RF) smart antennas as well as approaches for implementing the hardware of the antenna and the beamforming network (BFN).A comprehensive and accessible book, Low-cost Smart Antennas not only presents an up-to-date review of the topic but includes illustrative case studies that contain in-depth explorations of the theory and technology of smart antennas. While other resources highlight the software (signal processing algorithms), this book is unique by focusing on the antenna hardware. This important book:  Offers an introduction to the most recent developments of the design of low-cost smart antennas and their applicationsPresents a unique book that puts the focus on antenna hardwareIncludes a variety of case studies that clearly demonstrate the implementation of current design techniquesIntroduces both fundamental theories as well as more advanced topicsWritten for students and researchers and antenna engineers, Low-cost Smart Antennas explores the most recent advances in the field with an emphasis on antenna hardware.

Simultaneous confidence bands enable more intuitive and detailed inference of regression analysis than the standard inferential methods of parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Simultaneous Inference in Regression provides a thorough overview of the construction methods and applications of simultaneous confidence bands for various inferential purposes. It supplies examples and MATLAB® programs that make it easy to apply the methods to your own data analysis. The MATLAB programs, along with color figures, are available for download on www.personal.soton.ac.uk/wl/mybook.htmlMost of the book focuses on normal-error linear regression models. The author presents simultaneous confidence bands for a simple regression line, a multiple linear regression model, and polynomial regression models. He also uses simultaneous confidence bands to assess part of a multiple linear regression model with the zero function, to compare two regression models, and to evaluate more than two regression models. The final chapter demonstrates the use of simultaneous confidence bands in generalized linear regression models, such as logistic regression models. This book shows how to employ simultaneous confidence bands to make useful inferences in regression analysis. The topics discussed can be extended to functions other than parametric regression functions, offering novel opportunities for research beyond linear regression models.

A Thematic Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese is a unique resource for intermediate to advanced students of Chinese. The dictionary presents 9,000 words organized thematically in approximately 300 different subject areas. These themes cover the vocabulary necessary for daily use and for conducting meaningful conversations with native Chinese speakers on a variety of topics, from politics to business, and from hobbies to education. Each vocabulary item is annotated with the most frequent collocations, allowing learners to improve their fluency by storing new vocabulary in larger linguistic units. Cultural and linguistic tips enable learners to grasp the vocabulary more effectively and increase their awareness of Chinese culture embedded in the language. Review exercises are provided throughout to ensure learners have ample opportunity to practice the new material. This is a great resource for both independent study and classroom use and will be of interest to students and teachers of Chinese alike. For further understanding of Chinese expressions, students are encouraged to read 500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions and 500 Common Chinese Idioms.

A Thematic Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese is a unique resource for intermediate to advanced students of Chinese. The dictionary presents 9,000 words organized thematically in approximately 300 different subject areas. These themes cover the vocabulary necessary for daily use and for conducting meaningful conversations with native Chinese speakers on a variety of topics, from politics to business, and from hobbies to education. Each vocabulary item is annotated with the most frequent collocations, allowing learners to improve their fluency by storing new vocabulary in larger linguistic units. Cultural and linguistic tips enable learners to grasp the vocabulary more effectively and increase their awareness of Chinese culture embedded in the language. Review exercises are provided throughout to ensure learners have ample opportunity to practice the new material. This is a great resource for both independent study and classroom use and will be of interest to students and teachers of Chinese alike. For further understanding of Chinese expressions, students are encouraged to read 500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions and 500 Common Chinese Idioms.

An introduction to how life has colonized and shaped the Earth, turning it into the habitable planet of today Exploring the geological basis for life on Earth, Introduction to Geobiology systematically examines the interaction between the geosphere and the biosphere, including its evolutionary history. In this didactically written text, readers will learn about the various modes of interaction between living and inorganic environments, emphasizing the geological significance of metabolism and the basis of life in extreme environments, the geobiological role and geological record of microbial ecosystems, and the material and energy cycles between the geosphere and the biosphere. The book also explores geological imprint of biological processes such as biomineralization, biosedimentation, and biological weathering of minerals and rocks, as well as the co-evolution process between organisms and the environment. Based on a highly successful course taught by the authors for more than 20 years, Introduction to Geobiology includes information on: Domains and kingdoms of cellular life, classification of organisms according to their metabolismEcological and metabolic diversity in marine and terrestrial environments, including extreme environmentsUsing microbial ecosystems as a model for exploring life beyond earthOxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and iron cyclesBiosedimentation investgating biological processes in making rocksBioerosion, macroborers and microborers, biological and lichen weathering, and soil developmentIntroduction to Geobiology is an excellent textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in geology or microbiology seeking to learn about geobiology and the origin of life on Earth. It also provides a strong foundation for the study of astrobiology: the conditions under which life on other planets may develop.

Simultaneous confidence bands enable more intuitive and detailed inference of regression analysis than the standard inferential methods of parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Simultaneous Inference in Regression provides a thorough overview of the construction methods and applications of simultaneous confidence bands for various inferential purposes. It supplies examples and MATLAB® programs that make it easy to apply the methods to your own data analysis. The MATLAB programs, along with color figures, are available for download on www.personal.soton.ac.uk/wl/mybook.htmlMost of the book focuses on normal-error linear regression models. The author presents simultaneous confidence bands for a simple regression line, a multiple linear regression model, and polynomial regression models. He also uses simultaneous confidence bands to assess part of a multiple linear regression model with the zero function, to compare two regression models, and to evaluate more than two regression models. The final chapter demonstrates the use of simultaneous confidence bands in generalized linear regression models, such as logistic regression models. This book shows how to employ simultaneous confidence bands to make useful inferences in regression analysis. The topics discussed can be extended to functions other than parametric regression functions, offering novel opportunities for research beyond linear regression models.

Fuel cell technology has attracted great interest in recent decades. However, progress in lignocellulosic biomass-energized fuel cells has been slow. This is because that lignocellulosic biomass generally cannot be directly used for electricity generation in a fuel cell with high efficiency. As a renewable resource is available in large quantities in many regions of the world, lignocellulosic biomass can be a promising feedstock for sustainable electricity production using fuel cell technologies. In this monograph, we focus on the electricity generation in fuel cells that are operated at high temperatures with high efficiency using lignocellulosic biomass-derived fuels. More specifically, we discussed biomass conversion coupled solid oxide fuel cell and direct carbon fuel cell. The state of the art in technology development, as well as challenges, is outlined and perspectives on future development are provided.

The Global Urban Competitiveness Report 2013 is an empirical study and evaluation of the sustainable competitiveness of 500 cities around the world from regional, national and other perspectives. This one-of-a-kind resource draws on a wealth of data sources, all of which are described and assessed, and involve urban economics, geography, urban studies, regional economics and many other fields. Using a sophisticated methodology and a team of 100 researchers from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the book not only ranks these cities but also presents a treasury of information with regard to the strengths and weaknesses of each city in relation to each other.Included is a full discussion on the structure, trends and determinants of global urban development, prosperity and competitiveness, and comments on the policies and initiatives that are adopted by the most competitive cities. Chapters written by eminent scholars and researchers from organizations such as the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, World Bank and OECD analyze key problems in sustainable urban competitiveness. The research shows how global cities can improve their competitiveness and the analysis reveals that global urban competitiveness has increased overall, the highlight being emerging economy cities. The comprehensive and concise index system and valuation method, and stable and reliable data, provide an accurate reflection on many aspects of a city and its competitiveness.Scholars and researchers in the areas of urban economics, planning, geography and regional economics will find the information invaluable, as will local authorities, decision-makers and economic planners in cities throughout the world.Contributors include: M. Cointreau, L. Kamal-Chaoui, P.K. Kresl, C. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, K. Liu, W. Liu, P. Ni, B. Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, S. Sassen, P.J. Taylor, X. Wang, J. Wei, S. Wei, J. Yang, X. Yang, A. Zhang

This book examines China's participation in the United Nations (UN). There are two research components. First, the author seeks to find a pattern of China's multilateral diplomatic behavior in the UN by examining China's behavior toward peacekeeping operations and arms control issues during different leadership periods under Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and Jiang Zemin respectively. Second, a model is proposed to explain this pattern of behavior. By marrying rationalism and constructivism, this model argues that the amelioration of China's external security environment changes in its projected self-image. Furthermore, China's consistently strong view of sovereignty determines its evolving pattern of behavior in the UN.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks, CROWNCOM 2018, held in Ghent, Belgium, in September 2018. The 20 revised full papers were selected from 26 submissions. The papers are organized thematically in tracks: Experimental, Licensed Shared Access and Dynamic Spectrum Access, and PHX and Sensing.

This book proposes a new capital asset pricing model dubbed the ZCAPM that outperforms other popular models in empirical tests using US stock returns.

A critical challenge in deep learning is the vulnerability of deep learning networks to security attacks from intelligent cyber adversaries. Even innocuous perturbations to the training data can be used to manipulate the behaviour of deep networks in unintended ways.  In this book, we review the latest developments in adversarial attack technologies in computer vision; natural language processing; and cybersecurity with regard to multidimensional, textual and image data, sequence data, and temporal data. In turn, we assess the robustness properties of deep learning networks to produce a taxonomy of adversarial examples that characterises the security of learning systems using game theoretical adversarial deep learning algorithms. The state-of-the-art in adversarial perturbation-based privacy protection mechanisms is also reviewed. We propose new adversary types for game theoretical objectives in non-stationary computational learning environments. Proper quantificationof the hypothesis set in the decision problems of our research leads to various functional problems, oracular problems, sampling tasks, and optimization problems. We also address the defence mechanisms currently available for deep learning models deployed in real-world environments. The learning theories used in these defence mechanisms concern data representations, feature manipulations, misclassifications costs, sensitivity landscapes, distributional robustness, and complexity classes of the adversarial deep learning algorithms and their applications. In closing, we propose future research directions in adversarial deep learning applications for resilient learning system design and review formalized learning assumptions concerning the attack surfaces and robustness characteristics of artificial intelligence applications so as to deconstruct the contemporary adversarial deep learning designs. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to Adversarial Machine Learning practitioners and Adversarial Artificial Intelligence researchers whose work involves the design and application of Adversarial Deep Learning.

A critical challenge in deep learning is the vulnerability of deep learning networks to security attacks from intelligent cyber adversaries. Even innocuous perturbations to the training data can be used to manipulate the behaviour of deep networks in unintended ways.  In this book, we review the latest developments in adversarial attack technologies in computer vision; natural language processing; and cybersecurity with regard to multidimensional, textual and image data, sequence data, and temporal data. In turn, we assess the robustness properties of deep learning networks to produce a taxonomy of adversarial examples that characterises the security of learning systems using game theoretical adversarial deep learning algorithms. The state-of-the-art in adversarial perturbation-based privacy protection mechanisms is also reviewed. We propose new adversary types for game theoretical objectives in non-stationary computational learning environments. Proper quantificationof the hypothesis set in the decision problems of our research leads to various functional problems, oracular problems, sampling tasks, and optimization problems. We also address the defence mechanisms currently available for deep learning models deployed in real-world environments. The learning theories used in these defence mechanisms concern data representations, feature manipulations, misclassifications costs, sensitivity landscapes, distributional robustness, and complexity classes of the adversarial deep learning algorithms and their applications. In closing, we propose future research directions in adversarial deep learning applications for resilient learning system design and review formalized learning assumptions concerning the attack surfaces and robustness characteristics of artificial intelligence applications so as to deconstruct the contemporary adversarial deep learning designs. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to Adversarial Machine Learning practitioners and Adversarial Artificial Intelligence researchers whose work involves the design and application of Adversarial Deep Learning.

Professional investment portfolio management is increasingly utilizing sophisticated statistical and computer techniques to better control risks and improve performance.