American Imperialism in the Long Nineteenth Century

Dr Beverton has a BA in American Studies and an MPhil in American History and Literature, both from the University of Sussex. She completed her PhD in History at University College London in 2018. She worked in various teaching roles at UCL, Queen Mary University of London, and Cardiff University before joining Oxford Brookes in 2019. Edward Mair is a Lecturer in United States History at the University of York. Edward’s main area of interest is Native Americans and their approach to Black slavery.Adam Burns is Head of Politics at Brighton College in the UK. He holds a PhD from the University of Edinburgh and an EdD from the University of Leicester. He is the author of The United States: Reuniting a Nation, 1865–1920 (Routledge, 2020). Alex Bryne is a historian of United States foreign relations, specialising in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Alex joined De Montford University in 2024 and has previously taught at the University Nottingham, the University of Lincoln, and the University of Roehampton. He received his PhD from the University of Nottingham in 2017.

• Volume 1: From Lexington and Concord to the Louisiana Purchase, 1775–1803Edited by Alys BevertonGeneral IntroductionVolume 1: IntroductionPart 1: The Revolutionary War1. Treaty of Paris, 1763, Articles IV, VII2. “William Trent’s Journal at Fort Pitt”, May 30, 1763, A. T. Volwiler (ed.), Journal of American History 11, no. 3 (December 1924), pp. 393 – 396.3. King George III, “Proclamation of 1763”,4. Benjamin Franklin, A Narrative of the Late Massacres, in Lancaster County, of a Number of Indians, Friends of this Province, By Persons Unknown. With Some Observations on the same, January 30, 17645. James Otis, The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved (Boston and London: J. Almon, 1764), pp. 35 – 38.6. “George Washington to William Crawford, September 17, 1767”7. Declaration of Independence, 17768. “Plan of the Treaties with France of 1778,” Articles II, III, IX, XI, XII, Journals of the Continental Congress 1774-1779 9. Major General John Sullivan to George Washington, 28 September 1779,” Poulson’s American Daily Advertiser, October 9, 177910. “Benjamin Franklin to James Hutton, July 7, 1782”Part 2: The Treaty of Paris and the Building of a New Nation11. “Motion Regarding the Western Lands, September 6, 1780”12. Treaty of Paris, 1783, Article II13. Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 178414. United States Continental Congress, “An Ordinance for Ascertaining the Mode of Disposing of Lands in the Western Territory,” May 18, 1785 15. United States Continental Congress, “An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio,” July 13, 178716. John May, Journal of Letters of Col. John May, of Boston, Relative to Two Journeys to the Ohio Country in 1788 and ’89 (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1873), pp. 76 – 81.17. H. H. Brackenridge, “For the National Gazette. Thoughts on the Present Indian War”, National Gazette, February 2, 1792.18. Militia Act of 1792, Section 119. Letter from Anthony Wayne to Henry Knox, Grand Glaize, August 28, 179420. Treaty of Fort Greenville, 1795Part 3: Jefferson’s Empire of Liberty21. Virginia Land Law 1779, Section I, Kentucky Secretary of State: Virginia and Old Kentucky Patents22. “Petition No. 8”, in James Rood Robertson, Petitions of the Early Inhabitants of Kentucky to the General Assembly of Virginia 1769 to 1792 (Louisville, KY: John P. Morton & Company, 1914), pp. 45 – 4723. J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur, Letters from an American Farmer; Describing Certain Provincial Situations, Manners, and Customs, Not Generally Known, and Conveying Some Idea of the Late and Present Interior Circumstances of the British Colonies in North America. Written for the Information of a Friend in England (London: Davies & Davis, 1782), pp. 45-4924. Publius (pseud.), “The Federalist No. 10: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection”, New York Packet, November 27, 178725. Thomas Jefferson to George Rogers Clark, 25 December 178026. Harry Toulmin, The Western Country in 1793. Reports on Kentucky and Virginia by Harry Toulmin (Pasadena, CA: The Castle Press, 1948), pp. 130 – 136. 27. Alexander M’Whorter, The Blessedness of the Liberal: A Sermon, Preached in the Middle Dutch Church, Before the New York Missionary Society, at their first Institution, November 1, 1796 (New York: T. and J. Swords, 1796), pp. 20 – 23.28. Solomon Sibley, “Extract from an Oration, Delivered at Mendon (Mass.) at the Celebration of the 19th Anniversary of American Independence, by Mr. S. Sibley, A.B.”, Federal Galaxy (Vermont), October 30, 1797.29. Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, November 24, 1801Part 4: The Louisiana Purchase30. Treaty of San Ildefonso, 1800, Articles I, II, III31. “Thomas Jefferson to Robert Livingston, April 18, 1802”32. “Declaration of the Independence of the Blacks of St. Domingo” 33. Treaty Between the United States of America and the French Republic, April 30, 1803, Preamble, Articles I, III, VI, and A Convention Between the United States of America and the French Republic, Article I34. Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe to James Madison, May 13, 180335. “The Merits of the Public Conduct of the Republicans”, Aurora General Advertiser, September 15, 1803.36. William C. C. Clairborne, “Proclamation to the People of New Orleans, December 20, 1803”,37. Aaron Arrowsmith. Louisiana. [S.l, 1805] Map.38. David Ramsay, An Oration on the Cession of Louisiana, to the United States, Delivered on the 12th May, 1804, in St. Michael’s Church, Charleston, South Carolina, at the Request of a Number of the Inhabitants, and Published by their Desire (Charleston: W. P. Young, Franklin’s Head: 1804), pp. 17 – 22.39. Pierre Debigney, “Memorial Presented by the Inhabitants of Louisiana to the Congress of the United States”, 1804Part 5: Women and Empire40. Jean Charles Levasseur (after a drawing by Antoine Borel), L’Amérique Indépendante, engraving, 1778.41. “Petition No. 37”, in James Rood Robertson, Petitions of the Early Inhabitants of Kentucky to the General Assembly of Virginia 1769 to 1792 (Louisville, KY: John P. Morton & Company, 1914), pp. 95 – 96. 42. “Mrs. Mary Dewees’s Journal from Philadelphia to Kentucky, 1787-1788”, Early Journal Content, Internet Archive, pp. 182 – 187.43. Mary Lewis Kinnan, A True Narrative of the Sufferings of Mary Kinnan, who was Taken Prisoner by the Shawnee Nation of Indians on the Thirteenth Day of May, 1791, and Remained with them till the Sixteenth of August, 1794 (Elizabethtown, NJ: Shepard Kollock, 1795), pp. 3 – 9.44. “Knoxville, Nov. 29”, The North American, December 20, 1794. Part 6: Indigenous Perspectives45. Pontiac, “Advice from the Master of Life,” 1763, Digital History.46. “Cruzat to Miro, August 23, 1784,” in Spain in the Mississippi Valley v. 3, pt. 2, Lawrence Kinnaird (ed.), (Washington DC: United States Printing Office, 1946), pp. 117 – 119.47. Treaty of New York, 179048. “The Seneca Chiefs to George Washington, December 1, 1790”Part 7: Anti-Imperial Voices49. “George Washington to James Duane, September 7, 1783”50. Alexander Hamilton, “Purchase of Louisiana,” New York Evening Post,July 5, 1803.51. Correspondence of Timothy Pickering and Rufus King, 1804, in The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King Comprising his Letters, Private and Official, His Public Documents and His Speeches, v. IV (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1897), pp. 364 – 366.Part 8: Through an Environmental Lens52. “The Adventures of Col. Daniel Boon; Containing a Narrative of the Wars of Kentucke,” in John Filson, The Discovery, Settlement and Present State of Kentucke: and an Essay towards the Topography, and Natural History of that Important Country (Wilmington, NC: James Adams, 1784), pp. 39 – 43.53. “Thomas Jefferson to Buffon, October 1, 1787”54. Ed. Danial Webb, A General History of the Americans, of their Customs, Manners, and Colours: An History of the Patagonians, of the Blafards, and White Negroes. History of Perus. An History of the Manners, Customs, &c. of the Chinese and Egyptians, Selected from M. Pauw (Rochdale: T. Wood, 1806), pp. 15 – 20.55. William Bartram, Travels through North & South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the CHactaws; Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions, Together with Observations on the Manners of Indians (Philadelphia: James & Johnson, 1791), pp. 333 – 338.56. Daily Record, January 1, 1791 – April 9, 1794, p. 1, Thomas Jefferson Account Book 1791 – 1803, The Jefferson Weather & Climate Records.IndexVolume 2: From Lewis and Clark to the Annexation of Texas, 1804–1845Edited by Edward MairGeneral IntroductionVolume 2 IntroductionPart 1. “Exploration” and Territorial Expansion1. David Ramsay, An Oration on the Cession of Louisiana to the United States (Newport: Oliver Farnsworth, 1804), pp. 3 – 27.2. To James Madison from William C. C. Claiborne, 18 February 18043. Paul Allen, History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to The Sources of the Missouri, thence Across the Rocky Mountains and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, performed during the years 1804-5-6, Volume 1, (Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep, 1814), pp. 1-11.4. Thomas Branagan, Serious remonstrances, addressed to the citizens of the northern states, and their representatives, (Philadelphia: 1805), pp. 15-27.5. Le Chevalier Felix de Beaujour, Sketch of the United States of North America : at the commencement of the nineteenth century, from 1800 to 1810, William Walton (trans.), (London: J. Booth et al., 1814), pp. 115-127.6. ‘Louisiana’, Newbern Herald, (New Bern, North Carolina), III, no 156, 26 February 1810,7. ‘Form the Western Sun Vincennes August 25, 1810’, Washington Reporter (Washington, Pennsylvania) III, no. 5, September 17, 18108. ‘Felix Grundy, 9 December 1811’, in Annals of the Congress of the United States, Twelfth Congress, First Session, (Washington: Gales and Seaton, 1853), pp. 422-427.9. William Darby, The Emigrant’s Guide to the Western and Southwestern States and Territories, (New York: Kirk & Mercein, 1818), pp. 61-62.10. Hiram Bingham, A Residence of Twenty-One Years in the Sandwich Islands (Hartford: Hezekiah Huntington, 1848), pp. 57-79.11. George Little, Life on the Ocean; or, Twenty Years at Sea (Boston: Waite, Pearce and Company, 1844), pp. 109-122.Part 2. Native American Resistance and Removal12. ‘INTRUDERS’, 7 April 1830, Cherokee Phoenix and Indians’ Advocate.13. ‘Removal of the Indians.’, 13 May 1830, Pittsfield Sun (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) XXX, no. 1547, May 13, 183014. ‘Cherokee Phoenix. New Echota: May 29, 1830’, 29 May 1830, Cherokee Phoenix and Indians’ Advocate..15.‘Removal of the Indians’, Religious Inquirer, (Hartford, Connecticut) IX, no. 20, July 3, 1830: 15916. President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (6 December 1830).17. Sarah Tuttle and Christopher C. Dean, Letters on the Chickasaw and Osage Missions (Boston: T.R. Marvin, 1831), pp. 5-11.18. James B. Gardiner to George Gibson, 20 June 1832, in Correspondence on the subject of the Emigration of Indians, (Washington: Duff Green, 1834), pp. 689-692.19. ‘Application for Indemnity, for being deprived by settlers of reservations of the Choctaw Indians’, Andrew Hays, 1 February 1836, in: American State Papers: Public Lands, VIII, Asbury Dickins & John W. Forney (eds.), (Washington: Gales & Seaton, 1861), pp. 432-433.20. Myer M. Cohen, Notices of Florida and the Campaigns, (Charleston: Burges & Honour, 1836), pp. 135-143.21. Catherine E. Beecher, Educational Reminiscences and Suggestions, (New York: J.B. Ford, 1874), pp. 62-66.Part 3. Liberia and the Colonization Project22. Massachusetts Anti-Slavery and Anti-Segregation Petitions; House Unpassed Legislation 178723. ‘Colonization of Free Blacks’, National Advocate, (New York, New York) IV, no. 1261, December 30, 181624. Peter Williams, A discourse delivered on the death of Capt. Paul Cuffee : before the New-York African Institution, in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, October 21, 1817 (New York: W. Williams, 1818), pp. 7-30.25. ‘Address to the Auxiliary Colonization Societies and the People of the United States’, The African Intelligencer, July 1820 (1/1), pp. 11-12.26. Samuel Miller, A sermon, preached at Newark, October 22, 1823, before the Synod of New Jersey, for the benefit of the African School, under the Care of the Synod (Trenton: George Sherman, 1823), pp. 3-15.27. “From Thomas Jefferson to Jared Sparks, 4 February 1824”28. William Lloyd Garrison, Thoughts on African Colonization, (Boston: Garrison and Knapp, 1832), pp. 79-81.29. Examination of Mr. Thomas C. Brown, a free colored citizen of S. Carolina, as to the actual state of things in Liberia in the years 1833 and 1834, at the Chatham Street Chapel, May 9th & 10th, 1834 (New York: S.W. Benedict & Co, 1834), pp. 5-19.30. ‘From Liberia. New York, Dec. 8’, National Banner and Nashville Whig, (Nashville, Tennessee) XXIII, no. 1364, January 5, 183531. Letters to Catherine E. Beecher, In Reply to An Essay On Slavery and Abolitionism, Addressed to A.E. Grimke (Boston: Isaac Knapp, 1838), pp. 35-41.Part 4. Manifest Destiny32. Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst, 25 November 1814, in Supplementary Despatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, IX, (London: John Murray, 1862), pp. 452-454.33. Andrew Jackson to James Monroe, 4 March 1817, in Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, Volume 2, John Spencer Bassett (ed.) (Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1927), pp. 277-282.34. John Quincy Adams to Don Luis de Onis, 23 July 1818, in Writings of John Quincy Adams, VI, Worthington Chauncey Ford (ed.), (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916), pp. 386-394.35. Horace Bushnell, ‘The True Wealth or Weal of Nations’, 15 August 1837, in Work and Play, 1, (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1881), pp. 43-77.36. Richard Henry Dana, Two Years before the Mast, (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1883), pp. 193-200.37. ‘Florida Armed Occupation Bill: Mr Benton’s Speech: Extracts’, 1840, in Thirty Years’ View; or, A History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, From 1820 to 1850, II, Thomas Hart Benton (ed.), (New York: D. Appleton and Co, 1856), pp. 167-171.38. Gilbert McMaster, The obligations of the American scholar to his country and the world : an address delivered before the Philalethean Society of Hanover College, September 28th, 1841, (Madison, Ind: Simrall and Jones, 1841), pp. 3-7.39. Alfred Robinson, Life in California, (London: H.G. Collins, 1851), pp. 170-178.40. Cora Montgomery [Jane Cazneau], Eagle Pass: or, Life on the Border (New York: George P. Putnam & Co., 1852), pp. 31-33.Part 5. Texan Annexation41. Stephen Austin to Mrs Mary Austin Holley, 21 August 1835, in: The Austin Papers, October 1834 – January 1837, III, Eugene C. Barker (ed.), (Austin: The University of Texas, 1926), pp. 101-102.42. David Burnet to James Collinsworth and Peter W. Grayson, 26 May 1836, in Diplomatic Correspondence of the Republic of Texas: Correspondence with the United States (concluded), Mexico, and Yucatan, vol II, George Pierce Garrison (ed.), (Washington: American Historical Association, 1908), pp. 89-91.43. Mary Parker, ‘Address of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society to the Women of New England’, June 1837.’ Right and Wrong in Boston. Annual report of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Soc. 94-98.44. John T. Pinckney to Thomas C. Pinckney regarding the annexation of Texas to the United States and the value of the land therein, much of which has been taken from Native American tribes, 21 October 1837.45.‘Texas-Mexico-England’, Madisonian for the Country, (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) VII, no. 44, January 3, 184446. James Buchanan to Edward D. Gazzam regarding the bill for admission of Texas to the Union and South Carolina's opposition to another Tariff bill (Gilder Lehrman Collection, Adam Matthew Collection), 3 February 1844.47. Letter from John C. Calhoun to Richard Pakenham, 18 April 1844, in The Works of John C. Calhoun, vol. 5: Reports and Public Letters of John C. Calhoun, ed. Richard K. Crallé (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1859), pp. 333–339.48. ‘Hear This! Hear This’, Macon Weekly Telegraph, (Macon, Georgia) XVIII, no. 46, August 13, 184449. ‘Texas’, 14 January 1845, New-Hampshire Gazette, (Portsmouth, New Hampshire) XCI, no. 2, January 14, 184550. ‘Texas is Ours! And Cuba must Follow!’, 26 September 1845, The Liberator.Part 6. Women and Empire51. ‘Cherokee Indian/Native American Women to National Council at Amohee’, 2 May 1817.52. Mary Austin Holley, Observations, historical, geographical and descriptive, in a series of letters, written during a visit to Austin's colony, with a view of a permanent settlement in that country, in the autumn of 1831, (Baltimore: Armstrong & Plaskitt, 1833), pp. 119-126.53. Lydia Maria Child, ‘Colonization Society, and Anti-Slavery Society’, in An Appeal in Favour of that Class of Americans Called Africans, (Boston: Allen and Ticknor, 1833), pp. 129-154.54. Abby Jane Morrell, Narrative of a Voyage to the Ethiopic and South Atlantic Ocean...in the Years 1829, 1830, 1831 (New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833), pp. 160-165.55. Andrew Welch, A Narrative of the Life and Sufferings of Mrs. Jane Johns, (Charleston: Burke & Guiles, 1837), pp. 10-11.Part 7. Indigenous Perspectives56. William McIntosh, ‘To the Members of the Legislature of the State of Georgia’, 12 April 1825, in: American State Papers, Indian Affairs: Volume 2, Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Franklin (eds.) (Washington: Gales & Seaton, 1834), pp. 759-761.57. ‘The Choctaw’s Farewell’, Niles’ Weekly Register, Volume 41 (1831-1832) (Baltimore: H. Niles, 1832), p. 480.58. ‘Proceedings in Council’, 23 October 1834, in The War in Florida, Woodburne Potter (Baltimore: Lewis and Coleman, 1836), pp. 53-55.59. John Ross, ‘To the Honourable the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America’, 28 September 1836, in: Letter From John Ross, the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, to A Gentleman of Philadelphia, (Philadelphia, 1838), pp. 22-24.60. ‘Coacoochee addresses his white captors, 4 July 1841’, Quoted in Francis Samuel Drake, Indian History for Young Folks (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1885), p. 419.Part 8. Anti-Imperial Voices61.‘Character and Claims of the Indians’, Columbian Star, (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), 1 January 1825, p. 3.62. Jeremiah Evarts, Essays on the Present Crisis in the Condition of the American Indians, (Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1829), pp. 95-101. 63. ‘The Blood-Hound War!’, Madisonian for the Country, (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) III, no. 50, January 21, 184064. Charles Knox, ‘Thoughts on a War with America’, in Remarks on a war with America, and its probable consequences to that country (London: John Ollivier, 1840), pp. 1-11.65. Citizens of Cambridge, Massachusetts, How to settle the Texas question: [address to the friends of free institutions in Massachusetts and other free states] (1845), pp. 1-6.Part 9. Through an Environment Lens66. Constantin-François Volney, View of the Climate and Soil of the United States of America, (London: J. Johnson, 1804), pp. 7-12.67. Francois Andre Michaux, Travels to the West of the Alleghany Mountains in the States of Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, (London: B. Crosby and Co, 1805), pp. 198-203.68. ‘From the National Intelligencer. a Sketch of Pensacola’, Spooner's Vermont Journal, (Windsor, Vermont) XXVIII, no. 1401, July 30, 181069. Henry Marie Brackenridge, Views of Louisiana; together with a Journal of a voyage up the Missouri River, in 1811 (Pittsburgh: Cramer, Spear and Richbaum, 1814), pp. 99-103.70. William Simmons, Notices of East-Florida, (Charleston: A.E. Miller, 1822), pp. 32-42.IndexVolume 3: From the Mexican-American War to the Spanish-American War,1846–1898 Edited by Adam BurnsGeneral IntroductionVolume 3 IntroductionPart 1. Fixing the Southern Border1. James K. Polk, excerpt from ‘Inaugural Address [in Polk’s hand]’ 4 March 18452. John C. Calhoun, excerpt from, ‘Speech of Mr. Calhoun, of South Carolina, on his Resolution in Reference to the War with Mexico, delivered in the Senate, 4 January 1848’ (Washington, DC: John T. Towers, 1848), pp. 3–5.3. Abraham Lincoln, excerpts from ‘Speech of Mr. Lincoln, of Illinois, on the Reference of the President’s Message in the House of Representatives, 12 January 1848’ (Washington, DC: J. & G.S. Gideon, 1848), pp. 3–11.4. ‘The Gadsden Treaty Territory’, Charleston Daily Courier, 14 March 1854, p. 2.5. ‘Admission of California [Speech by Mr Shields in Congress]’, Weekly National Intelligencer [Washington, DC], 13 April 1850, pp. 1–2.6. Sheldon F. Gauthier and Elizabeth Roe, Elizabeth Roe. Texas, 1941.7. ‘Visit of Prof Painter to California’, in C. C. Painter, The Condition of Affairs in Indian Country and California. (Philadelphia, PA: Office of the Indian Rights Association, 1888), pp. 51–56.8. ‘The Chinese Exclusion Law’, The Daily Examiner, San Francisco, Cal., 17 June 1882, p. 2Part 2. Fixing the Northern Border9. Bryan Mullanphy and Samuel Hawken, ‘Petition of citizens of the United States, praying that measures may be adopted by Congress to protect the citizens of the United States in Oregon, &c.,’ April 10, 1846. Senate Doc. 288, 29th Congress, 1st Session.10. Letters between Russian Grand Duke Konstantin and Prince A.M. Gorchakov, March–December 1857.11. ‘The Cession of Russian American to the United States,’ New York Herald, 1 April 1867, p.4.12. Extracts from Speech of the Honorable Charles Sumner of Massachusetts on the Cession of Russian America to the United States (Washington: Congressional Globe Office, 1867), pp. 11–15.13. Charles Cotesworth Beaman, ‘Our New Northwest,’ Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, Vol. 35, No. 206, July 1867, pp. 170–178.14. Leonard Myers, ‘Purchase of Alaska. Speech of Hon. Leonard Myers, in the House of Representatives,’ 1 July 1868 (Washington: Congressional Globe Office, 1868).15. William H. Seward, Alaska: Speech of William H. Seward at Sitka (Washington, DC: J. J. Chapman, 1879), pp. 10–14.16. Frederick Whymper, extract from ‘A Visit to the Capital of Alaska’, in Travel and Adventure in the Territory of Alaska (London: John Murray, 1869), pp. 93–106.17. Extract from Report of the Hon. Vincent Colyer, United States Special Indian Commissioner, on the Indian Tribes and Their Surroundings in Alaska Territory, From Personal Observation and Inspection in 1869 [November] (Washington, DC: GPO, 1869), pp. 533–537.Part 3. “Winning the West”18. ‘The Indian War in Oregon’, Nevada Journal [Nevada City, CA], 28 December 1855, p.2.19. Congressional Testimony of Mr. John S. Smith, Washington, 14 March 1865, Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Massacre of Cheyenne Indians, 38th Congress, 2nd Session (Washington, DC: Congressional Globe Office, 1865), pp. 56–59.20. ‘Treaty with the Sioux-Brule, Oglala, Miniconjou, Yanktonai, Hunkpapa, Blackfeet, Cuthead, Two Kettle, San Arcs, and Santee-and Arapaho [Fort Laramie Treaty]’, 29 April 1868.21. ‘Deadwood’, Bismarck Weekly Tribune [Bismarck, ND], 31 May 1876, p.1.22. Sitting Bull to Chief Joseph, in The Works of Sitting Bull in the Original French and Latin: With Translations Diligently Compared (Chicago, IL: Knight & Leonard, 1878), pp.10–13.23. Excerpts from Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year 1878 (Washington: GPO, 1878), pp. iii–x.24. Pat Garrett, The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid (Santa Fe, NM: New Mexican Printing and Publishing Co., 1882), pp. 3–5.25. ‘Sitting Bull Talks’, The Philadelphia Inquirer [Philadelphia, PA], 3 July 1885, p. 2.26. ‘Indian Affairs: Commissioner Atkins Reports Satisfactory Progress in Dealing with the Red Men’, The Indianapolis Journal [Indianapolis, IN], 1 November 1887, p. 2.27. Martha Jane Cannary [Calamity Jane], Life and Adventures of Calamity Jane, by Herself (c. 1900).28. James Mooney, ‘The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890’, in Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1892-93 by J.W. Powell (Director), 54th Congress, 2nd Session, HR Doc. 230, Part 2 (Washington, GPO, 1896).Part 4. Hawaii and the Pacific29. Extract from American Guano Company, Report to the Stockholders of the American Guano Company (Brooklyn, NY: Jacobs & Brockway, 1857), pp. 9–10.30. ‘The American Guano Islands’, The National Era, [DC] 16 June 1859, p. 2.31. Hiram Bingham, A Residence of Twenty-One Years in the Sandwich Islands (Canandaigua, NY: H.D. Goodwin, 1855), pp. 583–585.32. Letter from David L. Gregg to Abraham Lincoln, 24 January 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Series 1.33. Helen Mather, extract from One Summer in Hawaii (New York: Cassell Publishing, 1891), pp. 277–282.34. Anne M. Prescott, extract from Hawaii, 2nd ed. (San Francisco, CA: Chas. A. Murdock & Co., 1893), pp. 28–37.35. Lorrin A. Thurston, extract from A Hand-Book on the Annexation of Hawaii (St. Joseph, MI: A.B. Morse Co., 1897), pp. 3–17.36. ‘First Step Taken in Hawaiian Annexation Treaty’, The South-Bend Daily Tribune [South Bend, IN], 17 June 1897, p. 2.37. ‘Late Annexation News’, The Independent [Honolulu, HI], 11 February 1898, p. 2.38. ‘Hawaii Holds the Stage’, The Hawaiian Star [Honolulu, HI], 4 June 1898, p. 2.39. Joint Resolution to Provide for Annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, 7 July 1898; and Transcript of the Letter of Protest that Queen Lili’uokalani of Hawaii sent to the House of Representatives. US National Archives.Part 5. The Caribbean and War40. ‘Loco Foco Motto [Cuba],’ Jeffersonian Republican [Stroudsburg, PA], 15 June 1848, p. 2.41. Ostend Manifesto, 15 October 1854, in A. B. Hart and E. Channing (eds), American History Leaflets: Colonial and Constitutional, No. 2 (New York: A. Lovell & Co., 1892), pp. 1–9.42. Ulysses Grant, ‘Message Regarding Dominican Republic Annexation’, 31 May 1870.43. Frederick Douglass, ‘Dear Readers [On Annexation of Santo Domingo]’, New National Era, 6 April 1871, p. 2.44. General [Manuel] Quesada, Address of Cuba to the United States, 1873 (New York, NY: Comes, Lawrence & Co., 1873), pp. 9–16.45. ‘[Senator John T.] Morgan on Cuban Annexation’, The Chicago Chronicle, 13 July 1897, p. 6.46. ‘Outrages against Cuban Women’, The Scranton Tribune, 6 February 1897, p. 8.47. ‘Senator Hanna Says “No War!”’, New York Journal [Hearst], 23 February 1898, p. 1.48. William McKinley, excerpts from ‘Message Regarding the Cuban Civil War’, 11 April 1898.49. The Teller Amendment, 16 April 1898 (enacted 20 April), in The Bureau of Insular Affairs, The Establishment of Free Government in Cuba (Washington: GPO, 1904), p. 5.Part 6. Women and Empire50. Isabella L. Bird, The Hawaiian Archipelago: Six Months Among the Palm Groves, Coral Reefs, and Volcanoes of the Sandwich Islands, 3rd ed. (London: John Murray, 1880), pp. 170–180.51. Minnie Forsyth Grant, Scenes in Hawaii or Life in the Sandwich Islands (Toronto, ON: Hart and Co., 1888), pp. 1–9.52. Emma L. Burnett, ‘For the Young People: Among the Missionary Islands’,Woman's Work for Woman: A Union Magazine, Vol 14, No. 1, Jan. 1884, pp. 19–21.53. Mary T. Hyde, ‘President’s Address: Woman’s Influence in the Uplifting of a Race’, in 23rd Annual Report of the Woman’s Board of Missions for the Pacific Islands, June 5th 1894. (Honolulu: Robert Grieve, 1894), pp. 47–54.54. Queen Lili'uokalani, ‘Hawaiian Autonomy’, in Hawaii’s Story (Boston: Lee and Shepard Publishers, 1898), pp. 366–374.Part 7. Indigenous Perspectives55. Chief Joseph, quoted in Joseph Young and William H. Hare, ‘An Indian’s Views of Indian Affairs’, The North American Review, Vol. 128, No. 269 (April, 1879), pp. 415–419.56. Sitting Bull, quoted in James Creelman, On the Great Highway; The Wanderings and Adventures of a Special Correspondent (Boston: Lothrop, 1901), pp. 299–302.57. [William T.] Selwyn’s Interview with Kuwapi, November 22, 1890 in ‘The Ghost Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890’, in Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1892-93, Part 1, (Washington: GPO, 1896), pp. 799–80 .58. Kalakaua, excerpts from Constitution of the Hawaiian Islands Signed by His Majesty Kalakaua [The “Bayonet” Constitution], 6 July 1887 (Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Publishing Co., 1887), pp. 3–9.59. Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii, 1897 in Petitions and Memorials, Resolutions of State Legislatures, and Related Documents, which were referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations from the 55th Congress.Part 8. Anti-Imperialist Voices60. Grover Cleveland, Message to the Senate and House of Representatives, 18 December 1893, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1894, Appendix II, Affairs in Hawaii.61. Miriam Michelson, ‘Strangling Hands Upon a Nation’s Throat’, The Call [San Francisco, CA], 30 September 1897, p. 1.62. Congressman John F. Fitzgerald, ‘Hawaii’, Congressional Record – House, June 15, 1898 Vol. 31, Part 7 — Bound Edition, pp. 5967–5969.63. ‘Opinion on Manila’, The Morning Oregonian, 29 July 1898, p. 3.64. Samuel Gompers, ‘The Future Foreign Policy of the United States’, American Federationist, Vol. 5, No. 7, September 1898, pp. 136–138.Part 9. Through an Environmental Lens65. US Congress, ‘An Act Authorizing a Grant to the State of California of the "Yo-Semite Valley" and of the Land Embracing the "Mariposa Big Tree Grove"’, U.S. Statutes at Large, Volume 13 (1864-1865), 38th Congress.66. Letter from Yosemite – John Muir to Emily Pelton, May 15, 1870, Muir, John, Manuscript letters, 1861-1914.67. J. D. Whitney, extract from The Yosemite Guide-Book: A Description of the Yosemite Valley and the Adjacent Region of the Sierra Nevada, and of the Big Trees of California (Cambridge, MA: University Press, 1874), pp. 16–18.68. US Congress, ‘An Act To Set Apart Certain Tracts of Land in the State of California as Forest Reservations’, U.S. Statutes at Large, Volume 26 (1890-1891), 51st Congress.69. ‘The Yosemite National Park’, San Francisco Examiner, 3 October 1890, p. 6.IndexVolume 4: From the Treaty of Paris to the Paris Peace Conference, 1898–1919Edited by Alex BryneGeneral IntroductionVolume 4 IntroductionPart 1: The Treaty of Paris and Cuba1. Charles Henry Butler, Our Treaty with Spain: Triumphant Diplomacy (Washington, DC: Washington Law Book Company, 1898), pp. 7-8.2. Fitzhugh Lee, ‘Reconstruction in Cuba’, Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly, November, 1898, pp. 10-12.3. Albert Richardson, ‘Discord in Cuba’, Public Opinion, March 9, 1899, pp. 293-294.4. ‘Cuba at the Exposition’, The Weekly Examiner, May 11, 1901, p. 6.5. Chester Isiah Long, Reciprocity with Cuba: Speech of Hon. Chester I. Long, of Kansas, in the House of Representatives, Friday, April 11, 1902 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1902), pp. 57-58.6. John Kendrick Bangs, Uncle Sam Trustee (New York: Riggs Publishing Company, 1902), 338-342.7. Leonard Wood, ‘The Military Government of Cuba’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 21 (1903), pp. 29-30.8. William Howard Taft to the People of Cuba, September 29, 1906, in Charles Magoon, Annual Report of Charles E. Magoon, Provisional Governor of Cuba, to the Secretary of War (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1908), pp. 6-7.9. ‘Cuba’s Condition’, Goodwin’s Weekly, October 6, 1906, p. 1.10. H. A. Austin, ‘Cuba’s Future’, North American Review 189, no. 643 (1909), pp. 857-859.11. Bernard Ellis, ‘Cuba, One of America’s Biggest Question Marks’, Arizona Republican, July 01, 1912, p. 7.Part 2: The Annexation of the Philippines12. Mayo Hazeltine, ‘What Shall Be Done about the Philippines?’, North American Review 167, no. 503 (1898), pp. 389-390.13. Martin Russell Thayer, The Philippines: What is Demanded of the United States by the Obligations of Duty and National Honor (Philadelphia: s.n., 1898), pp. 17-19.14. William Peffer, Americanism and the Philippines (Topeka: Crane and Company, 1900), 84-88.15. Needom Freeman, A Soldier in the Philippines (New York: F. T. Neely, 1901), pp. 50-53.16. The Freeman (Indianapolis), December 14, 1901, p. 4.17. Testimony of Leory E. Hallock in United States Senate, Hearings before the Committee on the Philippines of the United States (Doc. No. 331, Part 3) (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1902), pp. 1969-1971.18. Thomos Fortune, ‘The Filipino’, The Voice of the Negro, June, 1904, p. 246.19. Frederick Dent Grant, The Philippines and the Filipinos (New York: New York Society of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America, 1904), pp. 9-10.20. Alfred Newell, Philippines Exposition: World’s Fair, St. Louis, 1904 (St. Louis: s.n., 1904), p. 1.21. William Howard Taft, Special Report of Wm. H. Taft, Secretary of War, to the President on the Philippines (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1908), pp. 13-14.22. Diary of Carrie Chapman Catt, The Philippines, July 19 to August 20, 1912.23. Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands in Annual reports of the War Department: 1918, Volume III (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1918), pp. 1-5.24. Philippine Independence: Memorial of the Philippine Mission, asking that Immediate Independence be Granted the Philippine Islands (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919), 3-4.Part 3: The Annexation of Puerto Rico25. Margherita Hamm, America’s New Possessions and Spheres of Influence (New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1899), pp. 83-85.26. Joseph Benson Foraker, Porto Rico: It Belongs to the United States, but is not the United States, nor a Part of the United States (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900), pp. 13-14.27. George Whitefield Davis, Report of Brig. Gen. Geo. W. Davis, U.S.V., on Civil Affairs of Puerto Rico: 1899 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900), pp. 14-15.28. ‘Banking Law Follows the Flag’, The Commoner, August 23, 1901, p. 1.29. ‘Report of the Commissioner of Education for Porto Rico’, in Annual Report of the Department of the Interior for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901: Part II Governors of Territories, etc. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1901), pp. 556-558.30. Joseph Seabury, Porto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York: Silver, Burdett and Company, 1903), pp. 25-37.31. Walter Ballard, ‘Strategic Value of Porto Rico’, Journal of Education 59, no. 4 (1904), p. 50.32. George Matthews, Report of an Episcopal Visit to Porto Rico (Dayton: Foreign Missionary Society, 1912), pp. 3-4.33. José Padín Rodriguez, The Problem of Teaching English to the People of Porto Rico (San Juan: Bureau of Supplies, Printing, and Transportation, 1916), pp. 25-26.34. Arthur Yager, Report of the Governor of Porto Rico to the Secretary of War 1918 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1918), pp. 4-5.35. Pedro Capó-Rodriguez, Just a Word for Porto Rico (Washington, DC: s.n., 1918), pp. 3-12.Part 4: The Wider Pacific36. Francis Price, A Call for Missionary Advance in the Pacific Islands (Boston: American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1899), pp. 3-4.37. ‘Cable to Hawaii and Manila’, The Paradise of the Pacific, March, 1899, p. 36.38. The Post Office, May, 1899, pp. 26-27.39. Greater America: The Latest Acquired Insular Possessions (Boston: Perry Mason Co., 1900), pp. 184-186.40. Hubert Bancroft, The New Pacific (New York: Bancroft Co., 1900), pp. 602-608.41. David J. Hill, Our Place Among the Nations (Philadelphia: Union league of Philadelphia, 1901), pp. 11-13.42. Uriel Sebree, ‘Progress in American Samoa’, The Independent, November 27, 1902, pp. 2811-2821.43. Vernon Kellogg, ‘Samoa’, Out West, April, 1904, pp. 303-306.44. C. H. Forbes-Lindsay, America’s Insular Possessions, vol. 1 (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1906), pp. 238-239.45. L. M. Cox, The Island of Guam (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1917), pp. 42-44.46. George McBride, ‘The Galapagos Islands,’ Geographic Review 6, no. 3 (1918), p. 239.Part 5: The Caribbean47. Horace Fisher to John Davis Long, January 29, 1902, in John Davis Long, Papers of John Davis Long 1897–1904, Gardner Allen (ed.), (Boston, MA: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1939), pp. 421–423.48. Hugo Münsterberg, The Americans, trans. Edwin Holt (New York: McClure, Philipps, and Co., 1905), pp. 209-210.49. Willis Fletcher Johnson, Four Centuries of the Panama Canal (New York, H. Holt and company, 1906), pp. 353-357.50. W. E. Pulliam, First Annual Report: Dominican Customs Receivership under the American-Dominican Convention, 1907 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1908), pp. 17-19.51. Elihu Root to Lyman Abbott, December 24, 1908.52. Francis Huntington Wilson, ‘Address of the Hon. Huntington Wilson’, in Proceedings of the Third American Peace Conference Held in Baltimore, Maryland May 3 to 6, 1911 ed. Eugene Nobel (Baltimore, MD: Waverly Press, 1911), pp. 113-116.53. John Barrett to Woodrow Wilson, July 26, 1913.54. French Ensor Chadwick, ‘The Present Day Phase of the Monroe Doctrine’, in Latin America Clark University Addresses November, 1913, ed. George Blakeslee (New York: G. E. Stechert and Company, 1914), pp. 112-116.55. William Hale, ‘Our Moral Empire in America’, The World’s Work, May, 1914, pp. 52–58.56. William MacCorkle, The Monroe Doctrine in its Relation to the Republic of Haiti (New York, Neale Publishing Company, 1915), pp. 91-96.57. Chester Lloyd Jones, Caribbean Interests of the United States (New York: D. Appleton, 1916), pp. 126-145.58. Leila Amos Pendleton, ‘Our New Possessions: The Danish West Indies’, Journal of Negro History, July, 1917, pp. 284-288.Part 6: Anti-Imperial Voices59. Carl Schurz, ‘Thoughts on American Imperialism,’ The Century, September, 1898, pp. 782-784.60. Samuel Gompers, ‘Imperialism: Its Dangers and Wrongs’, American Federationist, November, 1898, pp. 182-183.61. Morrison Swift, Imperialism and Liberty (Los Angeles, CA: Ronbroke Press, 1899), pp. 1-4.62. Andrew Carnegie, ‘Americanism versus Imperialism’, North American Review 168, no. 506 (1899), pp. 1–2.63. Benjamin Harrison, ‘The Status of Annexed Territory and of Its Free Civilized Inhabitants’, North American Review 172, no. 530 (1901), pp. 1-3.Part 7: Women and Empire64. Henry Blackwell, ‘Imperialism not the “Paramount Issue?”’, The Woman’s Column, 14 July, 1900, p. 4.65. Dita H. Kinney, ‘Glimpses of Life in Manila’, The American Journal of Nursing, October, 1902, pp. 36-38.66. Mary A. Livermore, ‘Remarks by Mrs. Mary A. Livermoore’, Report of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the New England Anti-Imperialist League (Boston: New England Anti-Imperialist League, 1903), pp. 33-35.67. ‘What American Women Can Do in and for the Philippines’, The Spirit of Missions, April, 1903, pp. 277-27868. ‘How Long Must Women Wait?’, The Suffragist, February 17, 1917, p. 6.Part 8: Indigenous Perspectives69. Emilio Aguinaldo, True Version of the Philippine Revolution (Tarlak: s.n., 1899), pp. 54-59.70. José Julio Henna and Manuel Zeno Gandía, The Case of Puerto Rico (Washington, DC: W. F. Roberts, 1899), pp. 5-10.71. Salvador Cisneros y Betancourt, Appeal to the American People on Behalf of Cuba (New York: The Evening Post Job Printing House, 1900), pp. 5-6.72. Manuel Luis Quezon, The Filipino People Ask for Justice: Speech of Hon. Manuel L. Quezon of the Philippines in the House of Representatives February 13, 1913 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1913), pp. 3-4.73. Francisco García Calderón, Latin America: Its Rise and Progress, Bernard Miall (trans.) (New York: Scribners, 1913), pp. 300-312.Part 9: Through an Environmental Lens74. David Starr Jordan, Imperial Democracy (New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1899), pp. 92-97.75. ‘Guano Island Deserted’, The American Fertilizer, September, 1903, p. 10.76. William Edwin Safford, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, vol. 9, The Useful Plants of the Island of Guam (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1905), pp. 140-141.77. W. C. Gorgas, Report of the Department of Health, Isthmian Canal Commission, January 1907 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1907), pp. 15-16.78. ‘La Gloria a Health Resort,’ The Cuba Review, January, 1911, p. 19.79. Frederick Adams, Conquest of the Tropics: The Story of the Creative Enterprises Conducted by the United Fruit Company (Garden City: Doubleday, 1914), pp. 6-17.Index