Lisa A. Urry (Units 1 and 2) is Gibbons Young Professor of Biology at Mills College. After earning a B.A. at Tufts University, she completed her Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Lisa has conducted research on gene expression during embryonic and larval development in sea urchins. Deeply committed to promoting opportunities in science for women and underrepresented minorities, she has taught courses ranging from introductory and developmental biology to a nonmajors course called Evolution for Future Presidents.Michael L. Cain (Chapter 1 and Units 3, 4, and 7) is an ecologist and evolutionary biologist who is now writing full-time. Michael earned an A.B. from Bowdoin College, an M.Sc. from Brown University, and a Ph.D. from Cornell University. As a faculty member at New Mexico State University, he taught introductory biology, ecology, evolution, botany, and conservation biology. Michael is the author of dozens of scientific papers on topics that include foraging behavior in insects and plants, long-distance seed dispersal, and speciation in crickets. He is also a coauthor of an ecology textbook.Steven A. Wasserman (Unit 6) is Professor of Biology at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He earned an A.B. from Harvard University and a Ph.D. from MIT. Working on the fruit fly Drosophila, Steve has done research on developmental biology, reproduction, and immunity. Having taught genetics, development, and physiology to undergraduate, graduate, and medical students, he now focuses on introductory biology, for which he has been honored with UCSD’s Distinguished Teaching Award.Peter V. Minorsky (Unit 5) is Professor of Biology at Mercy College in New York, where he teaches introductory biology, ecology, and botany. He received his A.B. from Vassar College and his Ph.D. from Cornell University. Peter taught at Kenyon College, Union College, Western Connecticut State University, and Vassar College; he is also the science writer for the journal Plant Physiology. His research interests concern how plants sense environmental change. Peter received the 2008 Award for Teaching Excellence at Mercy College.Rebecca B. Orr (Ready-to-Go Teaching Modules, eText Media Integration) is Professor of Biology at Collin College in Plano, Texas, where she teaches introductory biology. She earned her B.S. from Texas A&M University and her Ph.D. from University of Texas South-western Medical Center at Dallas. Rebecca has a passion for investigating strategies that result in more effective learning and retention, and she is a certified Team-Based Learning Collaborative Trainer Consultant. She enjoys focusing on the creation of learning opportunities that both engage and challenge students.Neil A. Campbell (1946–2004) earned his M.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Riverside. His research focused on desert and coastal plants. Neil’s 30 years of teaching included introductory biology courses at Cornell University, Pomona College, and San Bernardino Valley College, where he received the college’s first Outstanding Professor Award. He was also a visiting scholar at the University of California, Riverside. Neil was the founding author of Campbell Biology, upon which this book is based.

• 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology UNIT 1 Chemistry and Cells 2 The Chemical Context of Life 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 4 A Tour of the Cell 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 6 An Introduction to Metabolism 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 8 Photosynthesis 9 The Cell Cycle UNIT 2 Genetics 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 13 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 14 Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein 15 Regulation of Gene Expression 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 17 Viruses 18 Genomes and Their Evolution UNIT 3 Evolution 19 Descent with Modification 20 Phylogeny 21 The Evolution of Populations 22 The Origin of Species 23 Broad Patterns of Evolution UNIT 4 The Evolutionary History of Life 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes 25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 26 The Colonization of Land 27 The Rise of Animal Diversity UNIT 5 Plant Form and Function 28 Vascular Plant Structure and Growth 29 Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 31 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals UNIT 6 Animal Form and Function 32 The Internal Environment of Animals: Organization and Regulation 33 Animal Nutrition 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange 35 The Immune System 36 Reproduction and Development 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 38 Nervous and Sensory Systems 39 Motor Mechanisms and Behavior UNIT 7 Ecology 40 Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 41 Ecological Communities 42 Ecosystems and Energy 43 Conservation Biology and Global Change

Lisa A. Urry (Units 1 and 2) is Gibbons Young Professor of Biology at Mills College. After earning a B.A. at Tufts University, she completed her Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Lisa has conducted research on gene expression during embryonic and larval development in sea urchins. Deeply committed to promoting opportunities in science for women and underrepresented minorities, she has taught courses ranging from introductory and developmental biology to a nonmajors course called Evolution for Future Presidents.Michael L. Cain (Chapter 1 and Units 3, 4, and 7) is an ecologist and evolutionary biologist who is now writing full-time. Michael earned an A.B. from Bowdoin College, an M.Sc. from Brown University, and a Ph.D. from Cornell University. As a faculty member at New Mexico State University, he taught introductory biology, ecology, evolution, botany, and conservation biology. Michael is the author of dozens of scientific papers on topics that include foraging behavior in insects and plants, long-distance seed dispersal, and speciation in crickets. He is also a coauthor of an ecology textbook.Steven A. Wasserman (Unit 6) is Professor of Biology at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He earned an A.B. from Harvard University and a Ph.D. from MIT. Working on the fruit fly Drosophila, Steve has done research on developmental biology, reproduction, and immunity. Having taught genetics, development, and physiology to undergraduate, graduate, and medical students, he now focuses on introductory biology, for which he has been honored with UCSD’s Distinguished Teaching Award.Peter V. Minorsky (Unit 5) is Professor of Biology at Mercy College in New York, where he teaches introductory biology, ecology, and botany. He received his A.B. from Vassar College and his Ph.D. from Cornell University. Peter taught at Kenyon College, Union College, Western Connecticut State University, and Vassar College; he is also the science writer for the journal Plant Physiology. His research interests concern how plants sense environmental change. Peter received the 2008 Award for Teaching Excellence at Mercy College.Rebecca B. Orr (Ready-to-Go Teaching Modules, eText Media Integration) is Professor of Biology at Collin College in Plano, Texas, where she teaches introductory biology. She earned her B.S. from Texas A&M University and her Ph.D. from University of Texas South-western Medical Center at Dallas. Rebecca has a passion for investigating strategies that result in more effective learning and retention, and she is a certified Team-Based Learning Collaborative Trainer Consultant. She enjoys focusing on the creation of learning opportunities that both engage and challenge students.Neil A. Campbell (1946–2004) earned his M.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Riverside. His research focused on desert and coastal plants. Neil’s 30 years of teaching included introductory biology courses at Cornell University, Pomona College, and San Bernardino Valley College, where he received the college’s first Outstanding Professor Award. He was also a visiting scholar at the University of California, Riverside. Neil was the founding author of Campbell Biology, upon which this book is based.

• 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology UNIT 1 Chemistry and Cells 2 The Chemical Context of Life 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 4 A Tour of the Cell 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 6 An Introduction to Metabolism 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 8 Photosynthesis 9 The Cell Cycle UNIT 2 Genetics 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 13 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 14 Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein 15 Regulation of Gene Expression 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 17 Viruses 18 Genomes and Their Evolution UNIT 3 Evolution 19 Descent with Modification 20 Phylogeny 21 The Evolution of Populations 22 The Origin of Species 23 Broad Patterns of Evolution UNIT 4 The Evolutionary History of Life 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes 25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 26 The Colonization of Land 27 The Rise of Animal Diversity UNIT 5 Plant Form and Function 28 Vascular Plant Structure and Growth 29 Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 31 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals UNIT 6 Animal Form and Function 32 The Internal Environment of Animals: Organization and Regulation 33 Animal Nutrition 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange 35 The Immune System 36 Reproduction and Development 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 38 Nervous and Sensory Systems 39 Motor Mechanisms and Behavior UNIT 7 Ecology 40 Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 41 Ecological Communities 42 Ecosystems and Energy 43 Conservation Biology and Global Change