Stephen Phillips is Professor of Philosophy and Asian Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, USA, and has been Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, and at Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He is the author and or co-author of eight books including Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy (2009), Epistemology in Classical India: The Knowledge Sources of the Nyaya School (2012), and (with Matthew Dasti) The Nyaya-sutra: Selections with Early Commentaries (2018).

Gangésa’s Jewel of Reflection is a classic of world philosophy. It is one of the most important and extensive treatises on epistemology ever composed, and dominates the Indian philosophical scene since its composition in the 14th century. The text addresses every epistemological issue and position then current in India, and does so in great detail. It is impossible to understand the subsequent history of philosophy without studying it. Stephen Philips has produced a masterpiece: a complete translation of the text that is philologically precise, philosophically sensitive, and absolutely lucid and readable by any Anglophone philosopher. If you are an epistemologist or a student of Indian philosophy, there is no excuse not to read.

• VOLUME ONEAcknowledgementsBibliographical PrefaceIntroductionAuspicious PerformanceThe Perception ChapterKnowing VeridicalityProduction of Veridical AwarenessDefining Veridical AwarenessPerceptual Presentation of Something as Other Than What It IsDefining PerceptionSensory ConnectionInherenceNon-CognitionAbsenceThe Connection of the Sense Object and LightThe Perceptibility of AirThe Fiery Character of GoldThe Atomicity of the “Internal Organ” (manas)Apperception Indeterminate PerceptionQualifiers versus Indirect IndicatorsDeterminate Perception VOLUME TWOAcknowledgementsThe Inference ChapterInferential KnowledgeNon-Sharing of a Location (in Defining vyapti, “Pervasion”)(Some Further) Prima Facie (Wrong) Views of PervasionThe Right View of PervasionUniversal AbsencePervasion among ParticularsA Quatrad of EntailmentsThe Method of Grasping PervasionHypothetical Reasoning (tarka)The Uniformity of PervasionThe Sensory Relation Characteristic of (Knowledge of) UniversalsThe upadhi, the “Undercutting Condition”What It Is To Be an Inferential SubjectReflection (paramarsa)The Causal Status of the Inferential MarkPositive-only InferenceNegative-only InferenceImplication (arthâpatti)The Components (of a Formal “Inference for Others”)The “Pseudo-Prover,” hetv-abhasaDeviationThe CommonThe UnexampledThe InconclusiveThe ContradictoryCounterinferenceThe “Unestablished,” asiddhiThe “Defeated,” badhaShowing Inference FailureInference to isvava (the “Lord”)“Power,” saktiLocatable PowerCausality“Liberation,” muktiThe Analogy ChapterVOLUME THREEAcknowledgementsThe Testimony ChapterDenial of Testimony as a Knowledge SourceMutual ExpectationSemantic FitContiguityIntentionThe Non-Eternality of WordsParts of the Veda as Lost or HiddenInjunctionApurvaReference to the Universal, Part OneReference to the Universal, Part Two (“Indirect Indication,” lak?a?a)CompoundsVerbal EndingsVerbal RootsVerbal PrefixesA Quatrad of Knowledge Sources with Knowledge Source Status (Gesture)Appendix A: GlossaryAppendix B: Subtopics by chapter and section (following the delineations of the editors of the Sanskrit editions, N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya and Gaurinath Sastri)Texts and TranslationsBibliographyIndex

Stephen Phillips is Professor of Philosophy and Asian Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, USA, and has been Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, and at Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He is the author and or co-author of eight books including Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy (2009), Epistemology in Classical India: The Knowledge Sources of the Nyaya School (2012), and (with Matthew Dasti) The Nyaya-sutra: Selections with Early Commentaries (2018).

Gangésa’s Jewel of Reflection is a classic of world philosophy. It is one of the most important and extensive treatises on epistemology ever composed, and dominates the Indian philosophical scene since its composition in the 14th century. The text addresses every epistemological issue and position then current in India, and does so in great detail. It is impossible to understand the subsequent history of philosophy without studying it. Stephen Philips has produced a masterpiece: a complete translation of the text that is philologically precise, philosophically sensitive, and absolutely lucid and readable by any Anglophone philosopher. If you are an epistemologist or a student of Indian philosophy, there is no excuse not to read.

• VOLUME ONEAcknowledgementsBibliographical PrefaceIntroductionAuspicious PerformanceThe Perception ChapterKnowing VeridicalityProduction of Veridical AwarenessDefining Veridical AwarenessPerceptual Presentation of Something as Other Than What It IsDefining PerceptionSensory ConnectionInherenceNon-CognitionAbsenceThe Connection of the Sense Object and LightThe Perceptibility of AirThe Fiery Character of GoldThe Atomicity of the “Internal Organ” (manas)Apperception Indeterminate PerceptionQualifiers versus Indirect IndicatorsDeterminate Perception VOLUME TWOAcknowledgementsThe Inference ChapterInferential KnowledgeNon-Sharing of a Location (in Defining vyapti, “Pervasion”)(Some Further) Prima Facie (Wrong) Views of PervasionThe Right View of PervasionUniversal AbsencePervasion among ParticularsA Quatrad of EntailmentsThe Method of Grasping PervasionHypothetical Reasoning (tarka)The Uniformity of PervasionThe Sensory Relation Characteristic of (Knowledge of) UniversalsThe upadhi, the “Undercutting Condition”What It Is To Be an Inferential SubjectReflection (paramarsa)The Causal Status of the Inferential MarkPositive-only InferenceNegative-only InferenceImplication (arthâpatti)The Components (of a Formal “Inference for Others”)The “Pseudo-Prover,” hetv-abhasaDeviationThe CommonThe UnexampledThe InconclusiveThe ContradictoryCounterinferenceThe “Unestablished,” asiddhiThe “Defeated,” badhaShowing Inference FailureInference to isvava (the “Lord”)“Power,” saktiLocatable PowerCausality“Liberation,” muktiThe Analogy ChapterVOLUME THREEAcknowledgementsThe Testimony ChapterDenial of Testimony as a Knowledge SourceMutual ExpectationSemantic FitContiguityIntentionThe Non-Eternality of WordsParts of the Veda as Lost or HiddenInjunctionApurvaReference to the Universal, Part OneReference to the Universal, Part Two (“Indirect Indication,” lak?a?a)CompoundsVerbal EndingsVerbal RootsVerbal PrefixesA Quatrad of Knowledge Sources with Knowledge Source Status (Gesture)Appendix A: GlossaryAppendix B: Subtopics by chapter and section (following the delineations of the editors of the Sanskrit editions, N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya and Gaurinath Sastri)Texts and TranslationsBibliographyIndex

Stephen Phillips is Professor of Philosophy and Asian Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, USA, and has been Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, and at Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He is the author and or co-author of eight books including Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy (2009), Epistemology in Classical India: The Knowledge Sources of the Nyaya School (2012), and (with Matthew Dasti) The Nyaya-sutra: Selections with Early Commentaries (2018).

Gangésa’s Jewel of Reflection is a classic of world philosophy. It is one of the most important and extensive treatises on epistemology ever composed, and dominates the Indian philosophical scene since its composition in the 14th century. The text addresses every epistemological issue and position then current in India, and does so in great detail. It is impossible to understand the subsequent history of philosophy without studying it. Stephen Philips has produced a masterpiece: a complete translation of the text that is philologically precise, philosophically sensitive, and absolutely lucid and readable by any Anglophone philosopher. If you are an epistemologist or a student of Indian philosophy, there is no excuse not to read.

• VOLUME ONEAcknowledgementsBibliographical PrefaceIntroductionAuspicious PerformanceThe Perception ChapterKnowing VeridicalityProduction of Veridical AwarenessDefining Veridical AwarenessPerceptual Presentation of Something as Other Than What It IsDefining PerceptionSensory ConnectionInherenceNon-CognitionAbsenceThe Connection of the Sense Object and LightThe Perceptibility of AirThe Fiery Character of GoldThe Atomicity of the “Internal Organ” (manas)Apperception Indeterminate PerceptionQualifiers versus Indirect IndicatorsDeterminate Perception VOLUME TWOAcknowledgementsThe Inference ChapterInferential KnowledgeNon-Sharing of a Location (in Defining vyapti, “Pervasion”)(Some Further) Prima Facie (Wrong) Views of PervasionThe Right View of PervasionUniversal AbsencePervasion among ParticularsA Quatrad of EntailmentsThe Method of Grasping PervasionHypothetical Reasoning (tarka)The Uniformity of PervasionThe Sensory Relation Characteristic of (Knowledge of) UniversalsThe upadhi, the “Undercutting Condition”What It Is To Be an Inferential SubjectReflection (paramarsa)The Causal Status of the Inferential MarkPositive-only InferenceNegative-only InferenceImplication (arthâpatti)The Components (of a Formal “Inference for Others”)The “Pseudo-Prover,” hetv-abhasaDeviationThe CommonThe UnexampledThe InconclusiveThe ContradictoryCounterinferenceThe “Unestablished,” asiddhiThe “Defeated,” badhaShowing Inference FailureInference to isvava (the “Lord”)“Power,” saktiLocatable PowerCausality“Liberation,” muktiThe Analogy ChapterVOLUME THREEAcknowledgementsThe Testimony ChapterDenial of Testimony as a Knowledge SourceMutual ExpectationSemantic FitContiguityIntentionThe Non-Eternality of WordsParts of the Veda as Lost or HiddenInjunctionApurvaReference to the Universal, Part OneReference to the Universal, Part Two (“Indirect Indication,” lak?a?a)CompoundsVerbal EndingsVerbal RootsVerbal PrefixesA Quatrad of Knowledge Sources with Knowledge Source Status (Gesture)Appendix A: GlossaryAppendix B: Subtopics by chapter and section (following the delineations of the editors of the Sanskrit editions, N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya and Gaurinath Sastri)Texts and TranslationsBibliographyIndex