Franz-Xaver Reichl studied microbiology and medicine in Munich, Germany. He then qualified as a toxicologist/ pharmacologist and works at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU) as a dental-toxicologist at the Dental Clinic and at the Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the LMU. His research is mainly related to molecular, cellular, and analytical (dental) toxicology and toxicity. F.X. Reichl consulted health agencies in toxicological risk management and is member of toxicological/pharmacological committees. He is head of the “International Advisory Board for the Biocompatibility/Toxicology of Dental Materials” at the LMU and is “Officer for Biosafety of Bacteria and Viruses” at the LMU Munich.Michael Schwenk studied biochemistry and medicine in Tübingen, Germany, and thereafter specialized in pharmacology, toxicology, and nutritional and environmental medicine. He was appointed professor in Pharmacology and Toxicology in 1987. He worked in xix universities, basic research institutions, pharmaceutical industry, and a state health agency. He created and headed the Regulatory Toxicology Study Group of the German Society of Toxicology, consulted health agencies in toxicological risk management, and was secretary of the IUPAC Division Chemistry and Human Health. His research areas include membrane transport of xenobiotics, drug-biomolecule interactions, drug metabolism, cytotoxicity, phase I clinical studies, human biomonitoring, and risk assessment.

• Tests and Methods.- Approaches used.- Paradigms Used in Risk Evaluation.- Risk Assessment and Evaluation.- Risk Management and Risk Communication.- Regulated Areas.- Addendum: Tables and Lists.

Franz-Xaver Reichl studied microbiology and medicine in Munich, Germany. He then qualified as a toxicologist/ pharmacologist and works at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU) as a dental-toxicologist at the Dental Clinic and at the Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the LMU. His research is mainly related to molecular, cellular, and analytical (dental) toxicology and toxicity. F.X. Reichl consulted health agencies in toxicological risk management and is member of toxicological/pharmacological committees. He is head of the “International Advisory Board for the Biocompatibility/Toxicology of Dental Materials” at the LMU and is “Officer for Biosafety of Bacteria and Viruses” at the LMU Munich.Michael Schwenk studied biochemistry and medicine in Tübingen, Germany, and thereafter specialized in pharmacology, toxicology, and nutritional and environmental medicine. He was appointed professor in Pharmacology and Toxicology in 1987. He worked in xix universities, basic research institutions, pharmaceutical industry, and a state health agency. He created and headed the Regulatory Toxicology Study Group of the German Society of Toxicology, consulted health agencies in toxicological risk management, and was secretary of the IUPAC Division Chemistry and Human Health. His research areas include membrane transport of xenobiotics, drug-biomolecule interactions, drug metabolism, cytotoxicity, phase I clinical studies, human biomonitoring, and risk assessment.

• Tests and Methods.- Approaches used.- Paradigms Used in Risk Evaluation.- Risk Assessment and Evaluation.- Risk Management and Risk Communication.- Regulated Areas.- Addendum: Tables and Lists.

Franz-Xaver Reichl studied microbiology and medicine in Munich, Germany. He then qualified as a toxicologist/ pharmacologist and works at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU) as a dental-toxicologist at the Dental Clinic and at the Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the LMU. His research is mainly related to molecular, cellular, and analytical (dental) toxicology and toxicity. F.X. Reichl consulted health agencies in toxicological risk management and is member of toxicological/pharmacological committees. He is head of the “International Advisory Board for the Biocompatibility/Toxicology of Dental Materials” at the LMU and is “Officer for Biosafety of Bacteria and Viruses” at the LMU Munich.Michael Schwenk studied biochemistry and medicine in Tübingen, Germany, and thereafter specialized in pharmacology, toxicology, and nutritional and environmental medicine. He was appointed professor in Pharmacology and Toxicology in 1987. He worked in xix universities, basic research institutions, pharmaceutical industry, and a state health agency. He created and headed the Regulatory Toxicology Study Group of the German Society of Toxicology, consulted health agencies in toxicological risk management, and was secretary of the IUPAC Division Chemistry and Human Health. His research areas include membrane transport of xenobiotics, drug-biomolecule interactions, drug metabolism, cytotoxicity, phase I clinical studies, human biomonitoring, and risk assessment.

• Tests and Methods.- Approaches used.- Paradigms Used in Risk Evaluation.- Risk Assessment and Evaluation.- Risk Management and Risk Communication.- Regulated Areas.- Addendum: Tables and Lists.