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47 produkter
47 produkter
428 kr
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Using a wealth of data collected in Israel, this study depicts a complete system in which art is created and evaluated - the scale of Israeli society allowing for a comprehensive and detailed description of all the agents involved in the production and consumption of modern art. The author analyses the patterns of social relations and behaviour created around two art worlds - the world of abstract avant-garde art and the world of traditional figurative painting. She argues that the two worlds differ radically both in terms of the factors that affect the formation of taste, the process of evaluation and the patterns of success in them and in the ways in which these factors exert their influence.
The Costs of Regime Survival
Racial Mobilization, Elite Domination and Control of the State in Guyana and Trinidad
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
468 kr
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This comparative study of two republics - Guyana in South America, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean - examines the conditions which determine regime survival in less developed countries. Given the structure of political and economic organization typical of these countries, and of the web of international relations of which they are a part, political survival can very often depend on a leader's willingness to serve the interests of a small, but politically strategic minority. In both Guyana and Trinidad post-independence leaders made politically expedient decisions that foreclosed policy choices consistent with the satisfaction of collective needs. As a result both countries experienced a series of political and economic crises. This in-depth comparative study of Guyana and Trinidad will be of interest to all scholars, students and policy-makers concerned with aspects of political and economic development in the Third World.
428 kr
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The Methodology of Herbert Blumer is a comprehensive critical account of the contributions of this important American sociologist to the methodology of social research. In a close reading of Blumer's texts, the author charts the development of Blumer's thinking, revealing a tension between a reductive empiricism and an emphasis on the importance of theory in social research. The author describes Blumer's conception of methodology as extending beyond narrow questions of technique to encompass broad critical reflection on the principles underlying scientific inquiry. Blumer's concentration on the integral unity of theory and method relates suggestively to current thinking about methodology, while his examinations of this theme in such areas as public opinion research and variable analysis provide provocative criticisms of some current research practices.
428 kr
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Over the last several decades, functional theory in the social sciences has fallen into disfavour. Alleged to be a static form of theory incapable of explaining social change, methodologically impotent and ideologically tainted, functionalism stands accused of being socially and politically reactionary. In this book, Michael Faia challenges the view that functionalism should be rejected. He claims that because functional theories are causal, multivariate, time-ordered, and characterized by reciprocal causation, they are in fact inherently dynamic, demand the highest methodological rigour, and also force sociology to transcend its infamous 'paradigm disputes' by recognizing that the social sciences have already achieved an 'integrated methodological paradigm'. The central arguments of the book are illustrated by a wide variety of examples drawn from several academic disciplines. These range from the incest taboo to witchcraft, from tenure in the US Congress to duration of marriage. The reader thus gains a strong appreciation of the wide applicability of the functionalist mode of explanation.
Historical Role Analysis in the Study of Religious Change
Mass Educational Development in Norway, 1740-1891
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
428 kr
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This 1990 study in historical sociology explores the relationship between educational development and religious change in Norwegian society during a period of significant social and economic transition. John Flint traces the processes whereby the laity radically reduced clerical control over religious institutions. He examines census materials, reports to the Ministries of the Church and Education, and information from organizational histories, using historical role analysis to describe the changing relationships among state church pastors, parish school teachers, pupils, parents, and lay preachers. In his examination of the movement toward mass literacy, John Flint draws on and contributes to the sociology of comparative education development. His findings from this Norwegian study have wider theoretical and methodological implications, and will be of interest to historians and sociologists studying religion and education.
Pathways in the Workplace
The Effects of Gender and Race on Access to Organizational Resources
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
415 kr
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Rationalistic theories of the workplace and the claims typically made by organizations stress that an individual's access to the resources and advantages of an organization are determined by his or her qualifications and contributions to the collective enterprise, and that the payoffs for effort are essentially the same for all doing similar work. However, as Jon Miller shows in this book, negotiating for workplace rewards is actually far more complicated than this model allows, and he demonstrates that access to networks of organizational communication is in fact fundamentally influenced by race and gender. Comparing patterns of access to informal colleague networks and relations to the decision-making apparatus for white and non-white men and women in American public service organizations, he shows that only white males experienced a fairly close correspondence between their bureaucratic 'investments' and their workplace rewards.
428 kr
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Since the 1940s, there has been an explosion of writings, both scientific and nonscientific, about the question of 'identity' and what it means to be an individual in today's world. This book examines sociological perspectives on identity in order to illuminate the perennial problem of defining the human person, and to pose an alternative definition of identity based on it being socially constructed. Beginning with a review of previous studies of identity, the authors present a set of propositions for organizing the wide range of uses of the term, and for arriving at an adequate definition of it. Identity is then analysed in two contexts: gender identity, linked to present bodies; and prenatal and postmortem identities, linked to future and past bodies. Whereas gender identity reveals the powerful but breakable link between body type and identity, prenatal and postmortem identities illustrate the symbolic reality and partial independence of identity from any corporeal existence. This is an innovative and insightful study which will appeal to all those concerned with understanding the nature of human identity.
We Shall Live Again
The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
363 kr
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This study of the 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance movements among North American Indians offers an innovative theory about why these movements arose when they did. Emphasizing the demographic situation of American Indians prior to the movements, Professor Thornton argues that the Ghost Dances were deliberate efforts to accomplish a demographic revitalization of American Indians following their virtual collapse. By joining the movements, he contends, tribes sought to assure survival by increasing their numbers through returning the dead to life. Thornton supports this thesis empirically by closely examining the historical context of the two movements and by assessing tribal participation in them, revealing particularly how population size and decline influenced participation among and within American Indian tribes. He also considers American Indian population change after the Ghost Dance periods and shows that participation in the movements actually did lead the way to a demographic recovery for certain tribes.
415 kr
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Numerous analyses have identified local land-use controls as the source of our continuing problems with residential segregation and environmental deterioration. Although recent efforts to resolve these problems have focused on policy-making in local government, the existing literature on land-use control provides little guidance for these efforts. In this context Situations and Strategies in American Land-use Planning meets a need. From case studies of regulatory processes in rural, rural-urban fringe, suburban and urban communities in Connecticut it develops an empirically grounded theory of land-use planning which has clear implications for reforming the local planning process. Thomas Rudel's book will be invaluable to all those involved in planning as well as being of interest to environmental and rural sociologists, geographers and political scientists concerned with local government.
428 kr
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Rajneeshpuram, a controversial religious community, transplanted from India to Oregon in 1981, attracted international attention when several of its leaders were arrested in 1985. The spiritual leader, Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, was deported from the United States and others subsequently served prison terms for arson, poisonings, attempted murder, and other crimes. Rajneesh's followers, called 'sannyasin', are distinguished from other religious groups by their denial of the legitimacy of any moral code for regulating conduct, their rejection of personal constraint by existing human institutions, and the absence of any stable shared system of beliefs. This book is a narrative account of the progressive regimentation of the commune and the escalating hostilities between it and the surrounding communities that led to eventual dismantlement. This is a comprehensive treatment of the Oregon Rajneesh incident from a sociological perspective, this study offers insights into the importance of shared values for regulating group processes and for negotiating relationships with other groups.
415 kr
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When this volume was published in 1990, undocumented Mexican immigrants had become an important component of the US population. In this book the author analyzes the results of a unique survey conducted in Los Angeles County, where an estimated 44 percent of the undocumented Mexican population lived. The survey allows the author to make comparisons among the groups of undocumented and legal Mexican immigrants and to study the effects of legal status on their living conditions. The author also examines the findings of a number of other social scientists, providing a comprehensive summary of the data on undocumented Mexicans in the US. In his conclusion, he turns to an evaluation of policy options for incorporating this group into the US population and for immigrants. The book will be useful to sociologists and other social scientists as well as to lawyers and policy experts studying the problem of illegal immigrants.
Theory of Societal Constitutionalism
Foundations of a Non-Marxist Critical Theory
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
507 kr
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Sciulli argues that the existing conceptual frameworks of political and social theory restrict both theorists and empirical researchers to a narrow definition of authoritarianism. This 1992 book focuses on government structure and fails to take account of forms of social control exercised outside the governmental sphere. Rather than define authoritarianism primarily by contrast to liberal democracy, Sciulli argues, we need to broaden our conception of authoritarianism to include 'social authoritarianism', referring to social control imposed by private organizations and institutions. Sciulli develops an alternative conceptual framework, which he calls the theory of societal constitutionalism. He explains how the theory can be used to assess whether social order in a society, whether democratic or authoritarian in political rule, is characterized by some degree of social authoritarianism. The book will be important reading for theorists in sociology, political science and legal studies.
Trafficking in Drug Users
Professional Exchange Networks in the Control of Deviance
Inbunden, Engelska, 1984
1 245 kr
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Control of illegal drug use and abuse requires an elaborate network of organizations and professions: medical, legal, political, educational, and welfare. This book, first published in 1984, explores the way in which these diverse sectors coordinate the control of deviance in a complex society and how they respond to a sudden widespread increase in deviance spanning many institutional and professional domains. The latter of these concerns, James Beniger argues, affords us a unique insight into the more general question of societal control. He takes as an example of this phenomenon the dramatic appearance of the 'drug problem' in America in the Vietnam war era of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Exploiting this as an approximation of an experimentally induced disruption of society, Professor Beniger examines its impact on the interorganizational and professional networks that together constitute a system for the control of a social deviance.
428 kr
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In this volume, first published in 1983, Professor Rogers examines the usefulness of a phenomenological approach to sociology. Her broad purpose is to demonstrate the theoretical and methodological advantages phenomenological sociology holds. Thus she offers a selective, introductory exposition of phenomenology, highlighting its relevance for social scientists and undercutting the notion of phenomenology as a non-scientific, subjective, or esoteric method of study.
Trafficking in Drug Users
Professional Exchange Networks in the Control of Deviance
Häftad, Engelska, 1984
428 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
Control of illegal drug use and abuse requires an elaborate network of organizations and professions: medical, legal, political, educational, and welfare. This book, first published in 1984, explores the way in which these diverse sectors coordinate the control of deviance in a complex society and how they respond to a sudden widespread increase in deviance spanning many institutional and professional domains. The latter of these concerns, James Beniger argues, affords us a unique insight into the more general question of societal control. He takes as an example of this phenomenon the dramatic appearance of the 'drug problem' in America in the Vietnam war era of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Exploiting this as an approximation of an experimentally induced disruption of society, Professor Beniger examines its impact on the interorganizational and professional networks that together constitute a system for the control of a social deviance.
428 kr
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This work is a critical investigation into the relationship between religious affiliation, on the one hand, and fertility, family size preferences and family planning behaviour, on the other. Dr Chamie works from a set of unique data: the 1971 Fertility and Family Planning Survey in Lebanon. This survey is not only a national study of Lebanese fertility but also a large-scale survey (2,800 people) offering the opportunity to study Arab Christian-Muslim differentials. Lebanon's demographic situation has far greater scientific and practical importance than might be supposed from its relatively small population. From observing the important religious communities at different stages of social and economic development, Dr Chamie has thus been able to analyse the interacting effects of religion and socio-economic development on reproductive behaviour.
Manufacturing Green Gold
Capital, Labor, and Technology in the Lettuce Industry
Häftad, Engelska, 1981
360 kr
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Originally published in 1981, this book examines the ways in which social groups interact in the making of a common food in American society: iceberg lettuce. The major questions posed by the research, however, extend beyond the features of one agricultural product, as the authors analyse the organization of industrial production. The goal of the text is the integration of the analysis of social systems involving agricultural production with a broader body of theory and research concerned with production. The major theoretical categories and concepts used by the authors are primarily Marxian. Although this study could be integrated with rural and industrial sociology, it addresses a number of issues neglected by both fields.
428 kr
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This book is a study of the relationship between the use of energy in society and the general pattern of development in Great Britain during the 1870-1914 era. Professor Adams argues that Britain's apparent 'decline' in this period was not in fact a decline but a levelling off in capacity to do work, a result of the country's collective decision to invest more heavily abroad than at home. This pattern accords with Lotka's general energetic principle of natural selection. Specifically, Britain found it necessary to invest abroad, thereby creating an industrial environment for its own products and giving the impetus to other industrial nations - especially the United States and Germany - to seriously threaten Britain's primary position in industry and trade. The book should be of interest to those concerned with development, economic growth, energy and society, cultural development, and in general to specialists in anthropology, sociology, European and British history, economics and economic history.
507 kr
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This book, originally published in 1977, provides a historical account and case study of a little-publicised social movement, the League of Revolutionary Black Workers. The League, a black Marxist-Leninist movement that developed among automobile workers in Detroit, appeared shortly after the 1967 Detroit urban disorders. It spread from the automobile industry to other industries, and from Detroit to other urban areas, before an internal split led to its demise in 1971. The author bases his study on interviews with members of the League and on a detailed analysis of the movement's literature. He carefully examines the development of different ideologies within the League and the resultant conflict over tactics. Although the League was unified in its advocacy of black revolt, one wing of the League's leadership emphasised class analysis and supported a strategy of collaboration with white workers and white radicals. Another wing stressed national liberation struggles and rejected such collaboration in favour of an exclusively black movement.
415 kr
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This 1978 study of the international migration of high-level manpower, popularly referred to as the 'brain drain', is based on data collected during the 1960s and 1970s. Whilst explaining the migration, Professor Ritterband analyzes the educational system of Israel as well as two other sample countries and the relationship between education and occupational success. He contends that one cause of the 'brain drain' is the mismatch of the educational qualifications of the job seekers and the higher demands of the employers. Professor Ritterband shows that the higher the level of education of the labor force in the home country, the higher the rate of the 'brain drain'. He also demonstrates, contrary to popular belief, that those who are less successful in the educational system in their homeland are less likely to emigrate than those who achieve academic success. The study examines the various contemporary public policy alternatives and develops a method for measuring their effectiveness.
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This 1977 book reports on an experimental program that was designed to discover whether a summer of intensive academic work and recreation on a college campus could significantly improve the educational performance of economically disadvantaged thirteen-year-old children. For three successive summers, sixty-five experimental participants and sixty-five control participants were selected randomly from schools in two large cities and three small cities. Experimental and control pairs were carefully matched. The results of this program were assessed in terms of six indicators: persistence in school, junior high school grades, senior high school grades, achievement test scores, assignment to a special school track, and attendance at academic or other special schools. On all six measures the performance of experimental pupils was judged superior to that of their matched control partners. The results of Middle Start indicate that even in the middle years of schooling, inner-city children can be helped significantly by skilful educational intervention.
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This 1978 study examines the new working class of scientists, white collar professionals, and technicians that has emerged in advanced in industrial societies and considers its role in the political process. Professor Low-Beer examines the lives of a sample group of Italian electronics technicians, as theirs had been the most militant profession in Italy. Although Low-Beer warns against quick conclusions regarding the broader political significance of such desires, vivid quotations from interviews illustrate the principal longing indicated by his statistical analyses: for more control over work situation. Whilst describing the lifestyles and class imagery among the technicians, the author compares them to other groups, and concludes that strike participation is to be explained by the political backgrounds of workers, and only secondarily by organizational factors. Professor Low-Beer also analyses the significance of the increase that had occurred in the number of professionals in technical professions for the future of politics and industrial conflict.
428 kr
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In this original application of information theory to social analysis, Orrin Klapp examines how and why societies are producing more stress than they ever can handle. He argues that the reduction of 'social noise', the chaos from which we try to construct meaning is a major goal of individuals and groups alike. Individuals, groups, even entire societies normally cycle rhythmically between two basic modes of adaptation to the constant communication flow: opening, or scanning for desired information; and closing, or defending against noise. For example, in a society functioning in the opening mode, movements like ecumenicism and expansionism achieve momentum. Extreme reactions in either mode lead to an opposite swing, according to Professor Klapp's model. His wide-ranging conceptual scheme incorporates hypotheses about the variety and redundancy of information, as well as about human channel capacities and the need for homeostatis. His research reveals intriguing relationships among such phenomena as the concern about industrial population and the search for ethnic roots.
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In this detailed 1978 study, Professor Rita J. Simon examines two significant ethnic communities in Israel: one of ultra-Orthodox Jews, and the other of Israeli Arabs. The Jews form a tiny but cohesive group with a strong sense of pride in their heritage and values. The Arabs, who comprise thirteen percent of the total population of Israel, occupy a politically and culturally sensitive position within that state. The author argues that despite these and obvious other cultural differences the two communities are akin in their separateness from the mainstream of Israeli society. She presents explanations of how and why both groups maintain cultural values and social patterns that prevent their assimilation into and acceptance by the broader society. Continuity and Change is significant as a study of contemporary social conditions in Israel, of sources of conflict within that society, as of implications that these conflicts have for the future.
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In this comparative study, Professor Clinard challenges the often noted correlation between high rates of crime and high levels of urbanization and industrialization by examining the case of Switzerland. He performs a series of tests designed to determine whether Swiss crime rates are indeed remarkably low. His research is based on surveys of crime victimization in Zurich and of Swiss attitudes toward crime, as well as statements about crime by government officials, newspaper reports on crime, and trends in theft insurance rates. Professor Clinard analyzes the characteristics of Swiss society that seem to be responsible for the low incidence of crime. Particularly important, he suggests, are the citizen's sense of responsibility in crime control, the decentralization of government, the broad integration of youths and adults, and the nature of the Swiss criminal justice system. His policy recommendations are valuable for all nations, both developed and developing, that are concerned with crime control.
Tasks and Social Relationships in Classrooms
A study of instructional organisation and its consequences
Häftad, Engelska, 1979
415 kr
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Moving beyond the assumption that a teacher's personality or expectations are the primary determinants of classroom behaviour to the more complex sociological perspective of group organisation and social relationships, Steven Bossert provides a glimpse inside the 'black box' of the classroom, as well as clear methodological and conceptual implications for future research and policy making. Although common sense tells us that schooling involves social interaction, most studies have ignored the nature of the classroom as a group and have failed to illuminate the link between learning processes and social relationships. The behaviour of each class member must be seen in relation to the overall pattern of teacher and pupil interactions within the group. When the author explores the implications of classroom organisation for group relations, the importance of the structure of resources, roles, expectations, values and verbal exchanges in the school environment fades in relation to that of the structure of tasks, task evaluation systems and supervision. The social organisation of the classroom thus emerges as more significant than individual relationships in understanding behaviour.
428 kr
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First published in 1979, this book examines past thought and research about the social and psychological causes of juvenile delinquency in Western society. The first few chapters summarise major delinquency theories and survey an extensive list of studies that demonstrate those theories. The author then develops a single model of individual causation from the divergent theoretical traditions. The model includes such variables as social class, parent-child relations, school experiences, strain, peer relations, personal values and the perceived risk of being caught in lawbreaking. Testing the model with information from 734 large-city adolescents results in several innovations in the measurement and conceptualisation of key variables in delinquency research. In his search for a better understanding of delinquency, the author shows the usefulness of examining the impact of all the variables at once and finds that the major theories of delinquency complement rather than contradict one another.
428 kr
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It is Professor Heise's premise that the psychology of affect theoretically governs common social actions, such as those of a patient toward a doctor or a mother toward a child. Human behaviour, he argues, normally promotes the maintenance of a steady emotional state. Should events produce undue strain, the individual attempts to anticipate subsequent developments, formulate a course of action and create new events designed to confirm his established sentiments. This book lays the foundation for this approach to interpreting events: it offers a mathematical model grounded in empirical procedures for analysing what happens in social relationships. Topics covered in the book include how situations are defined and events constructed, past research on processes of impression formation, the mathematical derivation for predicting behaviour and the application of this approach to the study of roles. Throughout the book, the theory is shown to be relevant not only for the construction of social action, but also for the reconstruction of events and, in particular, for the identification of social deviants.
485 kr
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In this study of student nurses at Duke University, Professor Simpson challenges earlier research by demonstrating that a professional school does socialise its students. In addition, by constructing a model that brings together competing theories of socialisation, she finds that socialisation is not necessarily cumulative or unidirectional. Conceptualisations that focus on individual students, such as those emphasising role modelling, student values or peer relations, obscure the most significant conditions and processes. The program of a school is the fundamental structure of occupational socialisation and this structure, not its students, should be blamed for failures and praised for success.
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First published in 1980, this book examines the nature of sociological explanation. The tactics of interpretive sociology have often remained obscure because of confusion over the nature of the evidence for interpretation and the nature of decisions among alternative interpretations. In providing an account of the problem of interpretive sociological claims, the author argues that there is rationality to interpretation. He also presents a fresh view of the relationship between qualitative and statistical claims and shows their complementary character. Dr. Turner's lucid and comprehensive analysis breaks new ground in its fundamental re-examination of the conceptual basis for "explaining" social behaviour. By its call for more rigourous conceptual sophistication in attempted explanations of social behaviour, this book will stimulate controversy and lively discussion among sociologists.