Archives Internationales D'histoire Des Idees./International Archives of the History of Ideas – serie
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Written seven years after publication of his "Search after Truth", Malebranche's "Treatise on Ethics" develops a detailed, "experimental" science of ethics in two parts - the ethics of virtue and the ethics of duty. Part One distinguishes six sources of motivation: sense perceptions, passions, imagination and "inner feelings" of love as-respect, as-goodwill, and as-esteem. It examines how each is to be evaluated. This is interwoven with an Aristotelian analysis of act and habit, and voluntary vs involuntary acts, and practical reasoning. This part concludes with two basic virtues - "the strength of the mind" and "the freedom of the mind". In part Two, Malebranche explores our duties to ourselves, to others, to our sovereign and to God. The translator's introduction discusses the place of Malebranche's ethics within his larger system, his borrowings and innovations and his impact on later philosophers.
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This publication comprises the 170 letters written by the Abbe Dominique Chaix to Dr Dominique Villars between 1772 and 1799, when they were collaborating on the publication of the first flora for the old province of Dauphine. The letters reveal the uncertainties of plant classification in the late-18th century, but, more generally, the penetration of the Enlightenment into a remote, alpine region of France. Both botanists were of recent peasant origin, invading, albeit deferentially, an intellectual field, traditionally the monopoly of their social betters. The letters also document the enthusiasms, anxieties, and perils of rural clerical life during the French Revolution, and give occasional evidence about the deforestation of the mountains.