Current Human Cell Research and Applications – serie

This volume focuses on the clinical applications of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy from the viewpoint of oncologists specializing in specific organs. In addition, it discusses the role of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy in the course of surgical treatment.Recent, rapid advances in molecular biology have shed new light on the mechanisms of cancer progression, and molecularly targeted drugs have been used to treat a variety of malignant diseases. For the diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer, analysis of the molecular background of the tumor is indispensable. However, there are both tumor-specific and comprehensive mechanisms involved in these processes. Accordingly, a firm grasp of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapies for different tumors is vital for clinicians and basic researchers alike. This book provides essential information and the latest findings on molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy for thoracic and gastrointestinal malignancies. Though primarily intended for clinical and basic oncologists, it also offers a useful guide for clinicians who are interested in this field and are considering getting started in molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy.

This volume focuses on the relationship between the regulation of signal transduction and disease mechanisms, and discusses how the dysregulation of intracellular signals cause diseases, cell death, carcinogenesis, and other disorders. Growth, survival, transformation, and metabolic activities at the cellular level are regulated by various intracellular signal transduction pathways. Sources that stimulate intracellular signals include intracellular stresses and signal regulators/modulators, as well as extracellular growth factors. Recent studies on signal transduction analysis using animal and human cell lines have revealed how the intracellular signals are regulated and why their dysregulation leads to pathological states such as tumorigenesis, metabolic diseases, cell death, and so on. This book highlights several important key molecules and intracellular signaling pathways such as microRNA, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway and MET signaling pathway as topical and highly relevant issues in human cell research related to signal transduction. In addition to assessing the pathogenic role of these signaling pathways, it focuses on the molecular design of small molecule regulators/inhibitors of said pathways, one of the most important approaches in this area.This book offers a valuable guide, helping not only research scientists but also clinicians to understand how the dysregulation of intracellular signals leads to diseases.

This volume reviews the application of biochemical and molecular pathologies, which are based on conventional pathomorphology, toxicology, and DNA analysis technologies, not only to autopsies but also to the field of clinical medicine in general.The systematic and integrated use of biochemical, immmunohistochemical, and molecular pathology, toxicology, DNA analysis, and cell culture investigations reinforces the pathophysiological diagnostic criteria in a forensic autopsy for clinical diagnosis. The use of these technologies can help to determine the cause and process of death and characterize the functional pathophysiological changes in the body that occur during the death process. Recently, the systematization of the latest supplemental tests, diagnostic methods, and quality control has allowed us to conduct comprehensive data collection and analysis for a range of diseases. This book presents the latest findings on the pathology of a broad range of human diseases, based on data concerning postmortem biochemistry and molecular biology collected from approximately 1000 people. Further, it puts forward a code of ethics for undertaking pathophysiological research and describes research techniques for uncovering pathophysiological mechanisms. As such, it offers a unique resource for researchers in the field of forensic medicine and pathology, and for clinicians.​

This volume highlights recent advances using iPS cells in disease modeling and medical applications along with new technologies that enhance the power of iPS cells. While the discovery of iPS cells has provided excellent opportunities for developing models of human diseases, platforms for drug discovery and cell therapies, iPS cell technology still faces many challenges. Presenting the latest advances in this rapidly evolving research area, this book is intended to widen the community of researchers and clinicians interested in the exciting field of iPS cells.

This volume focuses on the relationship between the regulation of signal transduction and disease mechanisms, and discusses how the dysregulation of intracellular signals cause diseases, cell death, carcinogenesis, and other disorders. Growth, survival, transformation, and metabolic activities at the cellular level are regulated by various intracellular signal transduction pathways. Sources that stimulate intracellular signals include intracellular stresses and signal regulators/modulators, as well as extracellular growth factors. Recent studies on signal transduction analysis using animal and human cell lines have revealed how the intracellular signals are regulated and why their dysregulation leads to pathological states such as tumorigenesis, metabolic diseases, cell death, and so on. This book highlights several important key molecules and intracellular signaling pathways such as microRNA, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway and MET signaling pathway as topical and highly relevant issues in human cell research related to signal transduction. In addition to assessing the pathogenic role of these signaling pathways, it focuses on the molecular design of small molecule regulators/inhibitors of said pathways, one of the most important approaches in this area.This book offers a valuable guide, helping not only research scientists but also clinicians to understand how the dysregulation of intracellular signals leads to diseases.

This volume reviews the application of biochemical and molecular pathologies, which are based on conventional pathomorphology, toxicology, and DNA analysis technologies, not only to autopsies but also to the field of clinical medicine in general.The systematic and integrated use of biochemical, immmunohistochemical, and molecular pathology, toxicology, DNA analysis, and cell culture investigations reinforces the pathophysiological diagnostic criteria in a forensic autopsy for clinical diagnosis. The use of these technologies can help to determine the cause and process of death and characterize the functional pathophysiological changes in the body that occur during the death process. Recently, the systematization of the latest supplemental tests, diagnostic methods, and quality control has allowed us to conduct comprehensive data collection and analysis for a range of diseases. This book presents the latest findings on the pathology of a broad range of human diseases, based on data concerning postmortem biochemistry and molecular biology collected from approximately 1000 people. Further, it puts forward a code of ethics for undertaking pathophysiological research and describes research techniques for uncovering pathophysiological mechanisms. As such, it offers a unique resource for researchers in the field of forensic medicine and pathology, and for clinicians.​

This volume focuses on the clinical applications of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy from the viewpoint of oncologists specializing in specific organs. In addition, it discusses the role of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy in the course of surgical treatment.Recent, rapid advances in molecular biology have shed new light on the mechanisms of cancer progression, and molecularly targeted drugs have been used to treat a variety of malignant diseases. For the diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer, analysis of the molecular background of the tumor is indispensable. However, there are both tumor-specific and comprehensive mechanisms involved in these processes. Accordingly, a firm grasp of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapies for different tumors is vital for clinicians and basic researchers alike. This book provides essential information and the latest findings on molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy for thoracic and gastrointestinal malignancies. Though primarily intended for clinical and basic oncologists, it also offers a useful guide for clinicians who are interested in this field and are considering getting started in molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy.

This book summarizes the important developments in the field of cancer research, specifically uterine cervical/endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. It highlights the recent advances in gynecologic cancer, such as next generation models of genetically engineered animal models or cancer cell lines, focusing on their significance for advancing our understanding of gynecologic cancer biology, prevention and treatment, and drug response and resistance.Cancer research in the area of gynecologic tumors has undergone an enormous transformation over the past decade, with a greater understanding of tumor biology, elucidation of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, and better recognition of genetic predisposition syndromes. At the same time, the recent advances in basic cancer research have provided key insights into all aspects of gynecologic cancer biology, including developmental pathways and the impact of lineage plasticity, understanding metastatic progression, uncovering the roles of the tumor microenvironment , exploring tumor evolution, and discovering new therapeutic approaches and mechanisms of drug sensitivity and adaptive response. Molecular Diagnosis and Targeting for Gynecologic Malignancy appeals to investigators, clinicians, residents and postdocs who are curious about new research on gynecologic malignancies. It not only presents basic and translational research, but also explores the generalizability of the evidence covering the interface between basic and clinical science. Furthermore, a number of the topics offer the basis for new ideas that have the potential to advance into the gynecologic malignancies. This book provides readers with state-of-the-art information that will help improve the lives of patients with these challenging diseases.

This book summarizes the important developments in the field of cancer research, specifically uterine cervical/endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. It highlights the recent advances in gynecologic cancer, such as next generation models of genetically engineered animal models or cancer cell lines, focusing on their significance for advancing our understanding of gynecologic cancer biology, prevention and treatment, and drug response and resistance.Cancer research in the area of gynecologic tumors has undergone an enormous transformation over the past decade, with a greater understanding of tumor biology, elucidation of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, and better recognition of genetic predisposition syndromes. At the same time, the recent advances in basic cancer research have provided key insights into all aspects of gynecologic cancer biology, including developmental pathways and the impact of lineage plasticity, understanding metastatic progression, uncovering the roles of the tumor microenvironment , exploring tumor evolution, and discovering new therapeutic approaches and mechanisms of drug sensitivity and adaptive response. Molecular Diagnosis and Targeting for Gynecologic Malignancy appeals to investigators, clinicians, residents and postdocs who are curious about new research on gynecologic malignancies. It not only presents basic and translational research, but also explores the generalizability of the evidence covering the interface between basic and clinical science. Furthermore, a number of the topics offer the basis for new ideas that have the potential to advance into the gynecologic malignancies. This book provides readers with state-of-the-art information that will help improve the lives of patients with these challenging diseases.

This book explores recent advances in the application of cell culture for experimental and clinical use. It addresses fundamental issues such as cell line misidentification and offers practical tips for its prevention. It also highlights the latest trends in human cell research for establishing disease models, drug discovery, and new therapeutic trials.The chapters provide a comprehensive guide to the establishment, maintenance, and passage methods of established cell lines, based on the history of cell line establishment. The book also details research activities and effective examples of clinical use of these established cell lines. In particular, dental pulp-derived stem cells are utilized as an example of primary culture, highlighting important perspectives in establishing clinical-grade standards for regenerative therapy and personalized medicine. It also covers innovative culture techniques of respiratory epithelial cells and their application to clinical studies. The book addresses the issue of cell line misidentification and clarifies the methods for determining the correct cell lines. Recent efforts to isolate and culture cells from trace amounts of clinical samples are also discussed, offering technical insights and outlining challenges for future applications of circulating tumor cells. Furthermore, it provides an overview of organoid culture and its applications in cancer research. The latter part of the book focuses on limitations of long-established cell lines suffering from genomic drift, a lack of clinical annotation, and the underrepresentation of rare cancers. Also, it describes the critical role of cancer cell lines in advancing rare-cancer research. The final chapter introduces research examples using iPS cells and AI in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on reprogramming technology.This book is intended for researchers, clinicians and students in the fields of cancer research, cell physiology, drug discovery and stem/iPS cell research.

Animal cells have been used in a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals to regenerative medicine and cell therapy, as well as evaluating drugs and compounds. These applications are supported by cell processing technology, which refers to the process technology and quality control technology for aseptically culturing cells such as skin, cartilage, and bone cells in vitro and producing the result of cells or tissues.Cell Processing Technology provides the state of the art of cell-processing engineering, including new issues of efficient and automated culture technology of cells in transplantation and non-invasive cell quality assessment technology. The book will be of value to students and inexperienced engineers who are involved in drug discovery and cell medicine.

Animal cells have been used in a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals to regenerative medicine and cell therapy, as well as evaluating drugs and compounds. These applications are supported by cell processing technology, which refers to the process technology and quality control technology for aseptically culturing cells such as skin, cartilage, and bone cells in vitro and producing the result of cells or tissues.Cell Processing Technology provides the state of the art of cell-processing engineering, including new issues of efficient and automated culture technology of cells in transplantation and non-invasive cell quality assessment technology. The book will be of value to students and inexperienced engineers who are involved in drug discovery and cell medicine.

This book offers a basic understanding of the complex mechanisms that protect the brain from harmful substances while still allowing for essential functions such as nutrient transport and waste removal. It explores the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in depth, focusing on the latest research, innovative techniques, and unique perspectives from researchers worldwide. The book also examines the clinical relevance of brain barrier dysfunction, with a particular focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) and the potential role of brain barriers in the development of MS, intricate relationship between brain barriers and infectious diseases and much more. With contributions from experts in neurobiology, microbiology, and biophysics, this book provides a multidisciplinary perspective.Extensive research has been conducted on the cerebrovascular or cerebrospinal fluid barrier function. The recent development of a functional epithelial cell line derived from a human choroid plexus papilloma has paved the way for an in vitro model of the choroid plexus, which has been instrumental in elucidating the interplay between infection, metabolism, physiological functions, and disease. This book is an effort by the Editors to raise public knowledge of the cerebrovascular and cerebrospinal fluid barriers.With broad coverage of topics in "Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cerebrovascular Barrier", it is ideal for researchers studying cerebrovascular or cerebrospinal fluid barrier interested in staying up to date on the latest developments. Healthcare providers and researchers working to develop new treatments for MS, infectious diseases of the central nervous system and other neurological disorders will also value this book. The book provides students of medicine, pharmacy, biology, and engineering with a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of brain barriers. Those seeking a thorough introduction to the field will also find the book enjoyable.