Society, Environment and Statistics - Böcker

This book explores the independence of official statistics and describes the various legal and professional norms, institutional arrangements, instruments and practices that statisticians have developed over recent decades to protect their work from political interference.

This book explores the independence of official statistics and describes the various legal and professional norms, institutional arrangements, instruments and practices that statisticians have developed over recent decades to protect their work from political interference.

This book takes a unique approach to explaining permutation statistical methods for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, faculty, researchers, and other professionals interested in the areas of criminology or criminal justice. The book integrates permutation statistical methods with a wide range of classical statistical methods. It opens with a comparison of two models of statistical inference: the classical population model espoused by J. Neyman and E. Pearson and the permutation model first introduced by R.A. Fisher and E.J.G. Pitman. Numerous comparisons of permutation and classical statistical methods are illustrated with examples from criminology and criminal justice and supplemented with a variety of R scripts for ease of computation. The text follows the general outline of an introductory textbook in statistics with chapters on central tendency, variability, one-sample tests, two-sample tests, matched-pairs tests, completely-randomized analysis of variance, randomized-blocks analysis of variance, simple linear regression and correlation, and the analysis of goodness of fit and contingency.Unlike classical statistical methods, permutation statistical methods do not rely on theoretical distributions, avoid the usual assumptions of normality and homogeneity, depend solely on the observed data, and do not require random sampling, making permutation statistical methods ideal for analyzing criminology and criminal justice databases. Permutation methods are relatively new in that it took modern computing power to make them available to those working in criminology and criminal justice research.The book contains detailed examples of permutation analyses. Each analysis is paired with a conventional analysis; for example, a permutation test of the difference between experimental and control groups is contrasted with Student's two-sample $t$ test. An added feature is the inclusion of multiple historical notes on the origin and development of both parametric and conventional tests and measures.  Designed for an audience with a basic statistical background and a strong interest in parametric and non-parametric statistics, the book can easily serve as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in criminology, criminal justice, or sociology, as well as serving as a research source for faculty, researchers, and other professionals in the area of criminology. No statistical training beyond a first course in statistics is required, but some knowledge of, or interest in, criminology or criminal justice is assumed.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to statistical approaches for the assessment of complex environmental exposures, such as pollutants and chemical mixtures, within the exposome framework.

This Open access book gives an overview of current research and developments on the incorporation of machine learning in official statistics. It covers methodological questions, practical aspects and cross-cutting issues.Machine learning has become an integral part of official statistics over the last decade. This is evident in its many applications in numerous countries and organisations. At the same time, the integration of machine learning into statistical production raises questions about the right mathematical and statistical methodology, the consideration of quality standards and the appropriate IT support. In its four sections, "Methodological aspects", "Legal, ethical, and quality aspects", "Technological aspects" and "Use cases and insights", the book highlights current developments, provides inspiration, outlines challenges and offers possible solutions. It is aimed at methodologists in statistical offices and comparable institutions as well as scientists who are concerned with the further development and responsible use of machine learning

This book offers a broad selection of statistical applications to everyday situations, illustrating how exciting and diverse statistical analysis can be.