Erfurter Studien zur Kulturgeschichte des Orthodoxen Christentums – serie

Starting with a definition of political modernity from the perspective of its greatest trial – totalitarianism – this study asks the question how community is conceptualized in the contemporary Western philosophical discourse and in the Russian Orthodox intellectual tradition. Contemporary philosophical and theological approaches in Russia develop alternative perspectives on community and on the human subject. This study analyzes them historically and philosophically and compares them with liberal, postmodern and communitarian philosophies of community in the West.

After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, Orthodox Christians in Estonia and Latvia had to rethink their place in society and reorganise the local Orthodox Church. The Church was challenged both by the new political circumstances and by societal antagonism. In both cases, the local ecclesiastic authorities considered themselves independent from the Patriarchate of Moscow, although in very different fashions. This study uses primarily periodicals and other published sources from the period between 1917 and 1940 to shed light on the internal discussions in the respective Orthodox Churches on issues of authority, identity, and history. This includes creating adequate structures for the Church, reforming liturgical elements and emphasising the positive role of Orthodox Christianity in Estonian and Latvian history.

The book examines deep shifts in the religious life of Russia and the post-Soviet world as a whole. The author uses combined methods of history, sociology and anthropology to grasp transformations in various aspects of the religious field, such as changes in ritual practices, the emergence of a hierarchical pluralism of religions, and a new prominence of religion in national identity discourse. He deals with the Russian Church’s new internal diversity in reinventing its ancient tradition and Eastern Orthodoxy’s dense and tense negotiation with the State, secular society and Western liberal globalism. The volume contains academic papers, some of them co-authored with other scholars, published by the author elsewhere within the last fifteen years.

The book offers glimpses of Orthodox Christian dynamics in various contemporary contexts, either in Eastern and South Eastern Europe or in the USA. Contrary to long-established notions of an Orthodox fixedness and immobility, this book attempts to show how Orthodox dynamics work in various ways and on different levels, at times towards a re-traditionalisation and at times with an innovative agenda, always depending on the particular constellations of each context and on the constraints of Realpolitik. Using various theoretical perspectives and disciplinary lenses, this book mainly focuses on issues of identity, politics, and jurisdiction, and brings to the fore a variety of policies and strategies that Orthodox institutions and individual actors use in their attempt to creatively engage with the numerous challenges of modernity and the global era.

The present volume, based on a related conference in Erfurt, offers interdisciplinary insights on the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church or the Pan-Orthodox Council, convened on the island of Crete in June 2016. Although some Orthodox Churches finally declined to participate – the most prominent being the Russian one –, the Council was a most significant development. It brought a considerable number of Orthodox Churches together and discussed crucial issues pertaining to today’s Orthodox world. However, it also vividly revealed existing serious problems of inter-Orthodox communication and collaboration. The contributions in this volume shed light on main issues related to this Council and their multiple repercussions for Pan-Orthodox unity and the future of the Orthodox world.

«The Visible Religion» is an antithesis to Thomas Luckmann’s concept. The Russian Orthodox Church in post-Soviet canon law suggests a comprehensive cultural program of modernity. Researched through the paradigms of multiple modernities and post-secularity, the ROC appears to be quite modern: she reflects on herself and the secular environment, employs secular language, appeals to public reason, the human rights discourse, and achievements of modern science. The fact that the ROC rejects some liberal Western developments should not be understood in the way that the ROC rejects modernity in general. As a legitimate player in the public sphere, the ROC puts forward her own – Russian Orthodox – model of modernity, which combines transcendence and immanence, theological and social reasoning, an afterlife strategy and cooperation with secular actors, whereby eschatology and the human rights discourse become two sides of the same coin.

Many scholars have claimed that predominantly Orthodox countries face challenges in establishing viable democracies. This book seeks to test this “incompatibility thesis” by drawing on the examples of two countries where the Orthodox Church has played a significant role in their histories: Bulgaria and Serbia. Since 2007, Bulgaria has been a member of the European Union, while Serbia still aspires to join it. Are Orthodox orientations entirely incompatible with democratic values? Are the Orthodox Churches and their heritage really the cause of democratization difficulties in these countries? By examining both Orthodox Churches and Orthodox political organizations, this book offers a detailed and nuanced exploration of the complex relationship between Orthodox political theology, Church–State relations and democratization processes, with a focus on the period between 2007 and 2012.

In 2018/19, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople initiated the establishment of an autocephalous (independent) Orthodox Church in Ukraine. This process was met with harsh criticism by the Russian Orthodox Church and eventually led to a split in the entire Orthodox world. The contributions to this volume examine this conflict and discuss the underlying causes for it in a broader perspective. They deal with several aspects of Orthodox theology, history, church life and culture, and show the existence of a serious rift in the broader Orthodox world. This became visible most recently in the conflict over the Ukrainian Church autocephaly, yet it has a longer, and more complex historical background.