Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering – serie

Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries provides an understanding of lignocellulosic biomass, which is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. It promotes the valorization of these molecules in the context of the bioeconomy and presents hemicelluloses and lignin, which are generated in lignocellulosic biorefineries, as the molecules of the future. The viability of these molecules lies in their renewability and potential. This book covers all aspects of hemicelluloses and lignin including structure, biosynthesis, extraction, biodegradation, and conversion. The book also looks ahead to the socioeconomic and environmental value of biobased industry and emphasizes an understanding of the potential of lignocellulosic biomass.

Process Integration Approaches to Planning Carbon Management Networks provides a comprehensive treatment of carbon emissions pinch analysis (CEPA), covering the fundamentals as well as more advanced variants based on mathematical programming. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to case studies that provide a range of examples to demonstrate how CEPA can be applied to practical energy planning problems. Selected chapters also include electronic supplements (e.g., spreadsheet templates and software code) to aid the reader in applying these methods to new sets of data. This book is ideal for academic researchers and graduate students interested in carbon-constrained energy planning models and applications.This book Provides essential information on CEPA and mathematical programming Gives illustrative examples and case studies drawn from contemporary climatic issues Covers state-of-the-art methodological developments Discusses about applications in various countries Offers additional support through supplementary spreadsheet templates and software codeProfessor Dominic Foo is a professor of process design and integration at the University of Nottingham Malaysia. He is a fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, a fellow of the Academy of Science Malaysia, a chartered engineer with the UK Engineering Council, and a professional engineer with the Board of Engineers Malaysia. He works on process integration for resource conservation and CO2 reduction, with more than 400 published works. Prof. Foo is the co-editor-in-chief for Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, subject editor for Process Safety & Environmental Protection, and an editorial board member for several other renowned journals. Raymond R. Tan is a professor of chemical engineering and university fellow at De La Salle University, Philippines. He is also a member of the National Academy of Science and Technology of the Philippines. His main areas of research are process systems engineering and process integration, where he has over 300 published works. Prof. Tan received his BS and MS degrees in chemical engineering and PhD in mechanical engineering from De La Salle University. He is also a co-editor-in-chief of Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, subject editor of Sustainable Production and Consumption, and an editorial board member of Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

To achieve environmental sustainability in industrial plants, resource conservation activities such as material recovery have begun incorporating process integration techniques for reusing and recycling water, utility gases, solvents, and solid waste. Process Integration for Resource Conservation presents state-of-the-art, cost-effective techniques, including pinch analysis and mathematical optimization, for numerous conservation problems. The second edition of this best-seller adds new chapters on heat integration and retrofitting of resource conservation networks and features multiple optimization examples via downloadable MS Excel spreadsheets.Emphasizes the goal of setting performance targets ahead of detailed design following the holistic philosophy of process integrationExplains various industrial examples step by step and offers demo software and other materials onlineFeatures a wealth of industrial case studiesAdds chapters on heat integration, combined heat and power, heat-integrated water network, and retrofit of resource conservation networkAdds new optimization examples and downloadable MS Excel files on superstructural approaches and automated targeting models for direct reuse, recycle and regenerationIdeal for students preparing for real-world work as well as industrial practitioners in chemical processing, the text provides a systematic guide to the latest process integration techniques for performing material recovery in process plants. The book features a solutions manual, lecture slides, and figure slides for adopting professors to use in their courses.

To achieve environmental sustainability in industrial plants, resource conservation activities such as material recovery have begun incorporating process integration techniques for reusing and recycling water, utility gases, solvents, and solid waste. Process Integration for Resource Conservation presents state-of-the-art, cost-effective techniques, including pinch analysis and mathematical optimization, for numerous conservation problems. The second edition of this best-seller adds new chapters on heat integration and retrofitting of resource conservation networks and features multiple optimization examples via downloadable MS Excel spreadsheets.Emphasizes the goal of setting performance targets ahead of detailed design following the holistic philosophy of process integrationExplains various industrial examples step by step and offers demo software and other materials onlineFeatures a wealth of industrial case studiesAdds chapters on heat integration, combined heat and power, heat-integrated water network, and retrofit of resource conservation networkAdds new optimization examples and downloadable MS Excel files on superstructural approaches and automated targeting models for direct reuse, recycle and regenerationIdeal for students preparing for real-world work as well as industrial practitioners in chemical processing, the text provides a systematic guide to the latest process integration techniques for performing material recovery in process plants. The book features a solutions manual, lecture slides, and figure slides for adopting professors to use in their courses.

Exponential growth in population and improved standards of living demand increasing amount of freshwater and are putting serious strain on the quantity of naturally available freshwater worldwide.Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives discusses developments in energy-efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, and social and political aspects related to water management and re-use of treated water. It features a scientific and technological perspective to meeting current and future needs, discussing such technologies as membrane separation using reverse osmosis, the use of nanoparticles for adsorption of impurities from wastewater, and the use of thermal methods for desalination. The book also discusses increasing the efficiency of water usage in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications to ensure a sustainable system of water production, usage, and recycling. With 30 chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, this work offers readers a comprehensive view of both social and technological outlooks to help solve this global issue.

To curb the impacts of rising CO2 emissions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report states that a net zero target needs to be achieved by the year 2055. Experts argue that this is a critical time to make important and accurate decisions. Thus, it is essential to have the right tools to efficiently plan and deploy future energy systems and supply chains. Mathematical models can provide decision-makers with the tools required to make well-informed decisions relating to development of energy systems and supply chains. This book provides an understanding of the various available energy systems, the basics behind mathematical models, the steps required to develop mathematical models, and examples/case studies where such models are applied. Divided into two parts, one covering basics for beginners and the other featuring contributed chapters offering illustrative examples, this book: Shows how mathematical models are applied to solve problems in energy systems and supply chains Provides fundamentals of the working principles of various energy systems and their technologies Offers basics of how to formulate and best practices for developing mathematical models, topics not covered in other titles Features a wide range of case studies Teaches readers to develop their own mathematical models to make decisions on energy systemsThis book is aimed at chemical, process, mechanical, and energy engineers.

Process Integration Approaches to Planning Carbon Management Networks provides a comprehensive treatment of carbon emissions pinch analysis (CEPA), covering the fundamentals as well as more advanced variants based on mathematical programming. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to case studies that provide a range of examples to demonstrate how CEPA can be applied to practical energy planning problems. Selected chapters also include electronic supplements (e.g., spreadsheet templates and software code) to aid the reader in applying these methods to new sets of data. This book is ideal for academic researchers and graduate students interested in carbon-constrained energy planning models and applications.This book Provides essential information on CEPA and mathematical programming Gives illustrative examples and case studies drawn from contemporary climatic issues Covers state-of-the-art methodological developments Discusses about applications in various countries Offers additional support through supplementary spreadsheet templates and software codeProfessor Dominic Foo is a professor of process design and integration at the University of Nottingham Malaysia. He is a fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, a fellow of the Academy of Science Malaysia, a chartered engineer with the UK Engineering Council, and a professional engineer with the Board of Engineers Malaysia. He works on process integration for resource conservation and CO2 reduction, with more than 400 published works. Prof. Foo is the co-editor-in-chief for Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, subject editor for Process Safety & Environmental Protection, and an editorial board member for several other renowned journals. Raymond R. Tan is a professor of chemical engineering and university fellow at De La Salle University, Philippines. He is also a member of the National Academy of Science and Technology of the Philippines. His main areas of research are process systems engineering and process integration, where he has over 300 published works. Prof. Tan received his BS and MS degrees in chemical engineering and PhD in mechanical engineering from De La Salle University. He is also a co-editor-in-chief of Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, subject editor of Sustainable Production and Consumption, and an editorial board member of Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

Using classic thermodynamic principles as the point of departure, this new edition of a popular resource supplies the understanding and tools required to measure process ef ciency and sustainability with much improved accuracy. Exploring the driving forces in the chemical and power industries, Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies, Third Edition investigates why losses occur and explains how to reduce them. It focuses on the changing roles of refining and chemicals in industry and how the industry is transforming itself, and considers economics as a key enabler to look at technology choices and whether shareholder returns will be there.Includes new chapters on plastics recycling technologies and challenges, low carbon energy sources, the changing energy mix, and project economics, taxes, and subsidiesIllustrates techniques with wide-ranging case studies related to energy conversion, mining, and the chemical industries as well as examples and problemsConsiders engineering layouts that reduce the environmental impact of chemical operationsExplains how to use energy analysis to accurately assess the quality and performance of chemical processesSupplies quantitative tools for analyzing sustainability and efficiencyInvestigates the challenges of the hydrogen economy and CO2 and low carbonDiscusses plastics recycling, economics, and a changing energy mixComplete with the keys to quantification of process efficiency and sustainability, this cutting-edge book is the ideal guide for those engaged in the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources using low-waste procedures.

Using classic thermodynamic principles as the point of departure, this new edition of a popular resource supplies the understanding and tools required to measure process ef ciency and sustainability with much improved accuracy. Exploring the driving forces in the chemical and power industries, Efficiency and Sustainability in the Energy and Chemical Industries: Scientific Principles and Case Studies, Third Edition investigates why losses occur and explains how to reduce them. It focuses on the changing roles of refining and chemicals in industry and how the industry is transforming itself, and considers economics as a key enabler to look at technology choices and whether shareholder returns will be there.Includes new chapters on plastics recycling technologies and challenges, low carbon energy sources, the changing energy mix, and project economics, taxes, and subsidiesIllustrates techniques with wide-ranging case studies related to energy conversion, mining, and the chemical industries as well as examples and problemsConsiders engineering layouts that reduce the environmental impact of chemical operationsExplains how to use energy analysis to accurately assess the quality and performance of chemical processesSupplies quantitative tools for analyzing sustainability and efficiencyInvestigates the challenges of the hydrogen economy and CO2 and low carbonDiscusses plastics recycling, economics, and a changing energy mixComplete with the keys to quantification of process efficiency and sustainability, this cutting-edge book is the ideal guide for those engaged in the transition from fossil-based fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources using low-waste procedures.

While hydrogen is of vital and growing importance in many industrial sectors, this volatile substance poses unique challenges, including easy leakage, low ignition energy, a wide range of combustible fuel– air mixtures, buoyancy, and its ability to embrittle metals that are required to ensure safe operation. Updated to include the latest advances in the decade since original publication, Hydrogen Safety, Second Edition highlights physiological, physical, and chemical hazards associated with hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and usage systems. Focused on providing a balanced view of hydrogen safety – one that integrates principles from physical sciences, engineering, management, and social sciences – this book is organized to address questions associated with the hazards of hydrogen and the ensuing risks associated with its industrial and public use. This book: Addresses issues of inherently safer design, safety management systems, and safety culture. Features updated case studies of significant accidents involving hydrogen, along with their detailed analysis and lessons learnt, and potential accident scenarios under certain conditions. Details current research trends and perspectives on materials- based hydrogen storage solutions, hydrogen use in vehicles, and hydrogen in construction materials. Describes Process Safety Management as applied to the process industries, in conjunction with the components of the US Department of Energy Safety Plant Elements for hydrogen safety, and covers activities of the European Commission (EC) Network of Excellence for Hydrogen Safety (HySafe). Includes updated codes for gaseous and liquefied hydrogen and the NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code. Concludes with research and legal requirements. Offering a holistic view of hydrogen safety, from properties to safety systems, this book helps readers in chemical, industrial, safety, and related engineering subjects ensure a safe application and environment.

Microplastics Pollution and Worldwide Policies on Plastic Use discusses microplastic pollution and global policies developed to tackle the problem. It details the mechanisms of microplastics occurrence, sources, and impacts. It then offers a comprehensive overview of the various policies created by specific countries in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa to address plastics use and minimize its effects.Describes microplastics pollution found worldwide in drinking water and food chains.Addresses policies implemented in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa and details local policies for various countries within each region, including requirements and penalties for non-compliance.Explains the mission and vision of global organizations such as the United Nations, G7, World Economic Forum, World Bank, and Lisbon Treaty.This book is aimed at academics, industrial professionals, policy makers, and general readers interested in the mitigation of microplastic pollution.

Microplastics Pollution and Worldwide Policies on Plastic Use discusses microplastic pollution and global policies developed to tackle the problem. It details the mechanisms of microplastics occurrence, sources, and impacts. It then offers a comprehensive overview of the various policies created by specific countries in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa to address plastics use and minimize its effects.Describes microplastics pollution found worldwide in drinking water and food chains.Addresses policies implemented in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa and details local policies for various countries within each region, including requirements and penalties for non-compliance.Explains the mission and vision of global organizations such as the United Nations, G7, World Economic Forum, World Bank, and Lisbon Treaty.This book is aimed at academics, industrial professionals, policy makers, and general readers interested in the mitigation of microplastic pollution.

Whereas chemical engineering has traditionally focused on the design of chemical processes to produce commodity chemicals, there has been increasing attention in the discipline on the engineering of high-performance chemical products. Chemical product design principles are now being incorporated into university curricula to ensure new chemical engineers can help meet industry demands. Bridging the gap between teaching and practice, Introduction to Chemical Product Design provides a comprehensive overview of chemical product design, explains the role of chemical engineers in different stages of chemical product design, and covers stepwise approaches used to design different types of chemical products.• Includes chemical product design steps with examples and case studies.• Features mini projects to illustrate the connection between product design stages.• Focuses on the most common types of problems that engineers encounter in their career.• Offers solved examples and exercise problems on manufacturing steps.• Considers the role of quality assurance and the tools to quantify environmental, health, and safety aspects.Aimed at undergraduate- and graduate-level students in chemical engineering, this textbook provides readers with practical know-how to apply chemical product design principles to develop and manufacture high-value products. It will also be of interest to practising chemical engineers seeking to expand their knowledge of chemical product design.The book features a Solutions Manual for adopting professors.

This book explores innovative strategies for repurposing food waste, with a strong focus on process and product design. It highlights diverse food waste sources, including expiring materials and often overlooked resources, offering a comprehensive evaluation of technologies, methods, and sustainable solutions to address the global challenge of food waste.Key Features:Offers guidelines and a food waste valorisation frameworkPresents unique pathways for valorising food waste and expired foodDelves into principles and strategies for food waste valorisation, transforming food waste into building and construction materials, upcycling food waste, and extracting bioactive compounds from expired sourcesExplores converting food waste into biochar, biofuel, and maximising biogas production, as well as utilising bioconversion technology with Black Soldier Fly larvae and integrating the water–energy–food nexusEach chapter includes exercises and case studies to enhance understanding and practical applicationThis text is aimed at academics, engineers, technologists, and researchers in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.

Industrial Decarbonization: Materials, Methods, and Developments offers a timely and in-depth exploration of the technologies and strategies reshaping high-emission industries in the global push toward carbon neutrality. As sectors such as chemicals, steel, cement, concrete, asphalt, and construction face mounting pressure to reduce their environmental impact, this book provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective on the innovations driving industrial transformation.Drawing from cutting-edge research and real-world implementation across academia, national labs, and industry, the book highlights both the challenges and scalable solutions in industrial decarbonization. Key features include:• Innovative Technologies: Investigates emerging thermo-, electro-, and photocatalytic processes, microwave-assisted techniques, and energy-efficient manufacturing systems aimed at reducing industrial emissions.• Analytical Frameworks: Introduces life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) tools to assess the viability and environmental impact of new decarbonization approaches.• Carbon Management: Explores advanced materials and integrated system designs for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), including novel separation and process integration technologies.• Sector-Specific Solutions: Showcases targeted innovations in cement, concrete, steel, and chemical production, alongside cross-cutting strategies such as circular economy models and thermal energy storage.• Digital Tools: Discusses the role of computational modeling and data-driven methods in optimizing decarbonization pathways.With a rich collection of case studies and practical examples, this book is an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers working at the intersection of materials science, industrial engineering, and sustainable development.

Driven by the increasing focus on sustainable energy production and recent advancements in anaerobic digestion technology, the Second Edition of Managing Biogas Plants: A Practical Guide, provides insights into optimizing biogas plant operations. This updated edition explores the latest developments in biochemical methane potential (BMP) testing, automatic measurement systems, and biological process management for industrial biogas plants. Drawing from extensive field experience, the book bridges theoretical concepts with hands-on applications. Features:• Includes updated content on state-of-the-art BMP testing methods and their practical applications in energy production.• Incorporates the latest technology in automatic methane potential measurement, including third-generation instruments with improved accuracy and capabilities.• Provides critical analysis of current industry standards and presents enhanced sections on error propagation analysis and uncertainty margins in BMP testing.• Equips professionals with proper methodologies for expressing BMP test results for business planning and decision- making.• Updates practical applications with current case studies reflecting real-world implementation.Complete with updated figures, practical examples, and troubleshooting guidance, this book is aimed at biogas plant managers, researchers, and industry professionals.

This book addresses the integrated optimization of heat and water networks in industrial systems, with a focus on advancing sustainability, resource efficiency, and process performance. It brings together state-of-the-art methodologies and practical strategies for designing, retrofitting, and managing thermal and water subsystems across diverse industrial contexts. Recognizing that heat and water are often treated in isolation despite their interdependencies, the book adopts a unified systems engineering perspective that allows for the identification of synergies, trade-offs, and co-benefits that are critical in modern process industries. With its balanced approach to theoretical modeling and real-world applications, the book supports better decision-making in the design and operation of integrated energy-water systems, ultimately contributing to the decarbonization and circularization of industrial infrastructures.Key Features:Helps engineers design integrated heat and water networks to lower energy and water costs in industrial operationsTeaches how to apply advanced optimization techniques to solve real-world sustainability challenges in process industriesProvides step-by-step methods to retrofit existing plants for improved efficiency without major infrastructure changesEquips professionals to evaluate trade-offs between economic performance and environmental impact in utility systemsOffers practical models for coordinating utilities across multiple plants, supporting eco-industrial park developmentDelivers structured and comprehensive treatment of heat exchanger network synthesis, waste heat recovery, and water reuse optimizationDesigned for a professional and academic audience, this volume provides a valuable reference for chemical and process engineers, industrial sustainability experts, and researchers in process systems engineering.

Exponential growth in population and improved standards of living demand increasing amount of freshwater and are putting serious strain on the quantity of naturally available freshwater worldwide.Water Management: Social and Technological Perspectives discusses developments in energy-efficient water production, management, wastewater treatment, and social and political aspects related to water management and re-use of treated water. It features a scientific and technological perspective to meeting current and future needs, discussing such technologies as membrane separation using reverse osmosis, the use of nanoparticles for adsorption of impurities from wastewater, and the use of thermal methods for desalination. The book also discusses increasing the efficiency of water usage in industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications to ensure a sustainable system of water production, usage, and recycling. With 30 chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, this work offers readers a comprehensive view of both social and technological outlooks to help solve this global issue.

With contributions from noted laboratory scientists, professors, and engineers, Hydrogen Energy and Vehicle Systems presents a new comprehensive approach for applying hydrogen-based technologies to the transportation and electric power generation sectors. It shows how these technologies can improve the efficiency and reliability of energy and transportation systems.The book’s interdisciplinary approach to sustainable energy systems disproves common misconceptions regarding hydrogen technologies and demonstrates that hydrogen technologies are a viable part of a sustainable, stable, and secure energy infrastructure. The book discusses intelligent energy management schemes for hydrogen energy and vehicle systems, safety and environmental science related to hydrogen technologies, and the infrastructure required for safe, renewable hydrogen options.A clear and up-to-date resource on hydrogen systems, this work provides a balanced presentation of theoretical/technical and application aspects of hydrogen technologies. It presents all stakeholder perspectives and connects hydrogen technology through proper systems analysis and integration, covering both quantitative and qualitative factors.

The magneto luminous chemical vapor deposition (MLCVD) method is the perfect example of the "front-end green process." It employs an entirely new process that expends the minimum amount of materials in gas phase, yields virtually no effluent, and therefore requires no environmental remediation. Unlike the "back-end green process," which calls for add-on processes to deal with effluent problems, the newer MLCVD approach is a completely different phenomenon that has never been adequately described, until now.Dispelling previous misconceptions and revealing new areas for investigation, Magneto Luminous Chemical Vapor Deposition describes the key process of dielectric breakdown of gas molecules under the influence of a magnetic field. It emphasizes behavioral distinctions between molecular gasses that cause plasma polymerization (such as methane and trimethylsilane) and mono-atomic gases (e.g., helium and argon) when dealing with the dielectric breakdown of the gas phase under low pressure. The author also reveals his minimum perturbation theory of biocompatibility. This is based on the realization that nanofilms prepared using MLCVD have unique, stable interfacial characteristics necessary to achieve a surface that can be tolerated in various biological environments. The author presents alternating views based on NASA’s recent discovery that a magnetic field burst from the earth triggers the inception of the aurora borealis. Detailing similarities between this phenomenon and the inception of the magneto luminous gas phase described in this book, the author proposes that proof of the one occurrence could shed light on the other. Expanding on the author’s previous works, this book introduces new discoveries, highlights the newfound errors of previous assumptions, and juxtaposes many cutting-edge alternative views and anomalies associated with the field.

While the interdisciplinary field of materials science and engineering is relatively new, remarkable developments in materials have emerged for biological and medical applications, from biocompatible polymers in medical devices to the use of carbon nanotubes as drug delivery vehicles. With peer-reviewed chapters written by a select group of academic and industry experts, this comprehensive yet accessible book covers the most advanced materials used in biology and medicine. The book focuses on biomaterials and bioinspired materials, functional and responsive materials, controlling biology with materials, and the development of devices and enabling technologies. It will help readers tackle challenges of novel materials, carry out new process and product development projects, and create new methodologies for applications that enhance the quality of life.

Concerns over an unstable energy supply and the adverse environmental impact of carbonaceous fuels have triggered considerable efforts worldwide to find carbon-free or low-carbon alternatives to conventional fossil fuels. Carbon-Neutral Fuels and Energy Carriers emphasizes the vital role of carbon-neutral energy sources, transportation fuels, and associated technologies for establishing a sustainable energy future. Each chapter draws on the insight of world-renowned experts in such diverse fields as photochemistry and electrochemistry, solar and nuclear energy, biofuels and synthetic fuels, carbon sequestration, and alternative fuel vehicles.After an introductory chapter on different energy options in a carbon-constrained world and proposed measures to stabilize atmospheric CO2, the book analyzes the advantages and challenges facing the introduction of hydrogen fuel to the marketplace. It then examines the role of nuclear power in the production of carbon-free energy and fuels as well as the efficient use and storage of renewable energy resources, emphasizing the production of solar fuels from water and CO2. The book also discusses different aspects of bioenergy and biofuels production and use and the potential role of bio-inspired energy systems and industrial processes. The final chapters present a thorough overview and analysis of state-of-the-art fossil fuel decarbonization technologies and clean transportation options.This authoritative work provides the information needed to make more informed choices regarding available clean energy and fuel alternatives. It helps readers to better understand the interconnection between energy and the environment as well as the potential impact of human activities on climate.

Chemicals from Biomass: Integrating Bioprocesses into Chemical Production Complexes for Sustainable Development helps engineers optimize the development of new chemical and polymer plants that use renewable resources to replace the output of goods and services from existing plants. It also discusses the conversion of those existing plants into facilities that are based on renewable resources that may require nonrenewable resource supplements.Relying on extensive reviews of biomass as feedstock and the production of chemicals from biomass, this book identifies and illustrates the design of new chemical processes (bioprocesses) that use renewable feedstock (biomass) as raw materials. The authors show how these new bioprocesses can be integrated into the existing plant in a chemical production complex to obtain the best combination of energy-efficient and environmentally acceptable facilities. This presented methodology is an essential component of sustainable development, and these steps are essential to achieving a sustainable chemical industry.The authors evaluate potential bioprocesses based on a conceptual design of biomass-based chemical production, and they use Aspen HYSYS® and Aspen ICARUS® to perform simulations and economic evaluations of these processes. The book outlines detailed process designs created for seven bioprocesses that use biomass and carbon dioxide as feedstock to produce a range of chemicals and monomers. These include fermentation, transesterification, anaerobic digestion, gasification, and algae oil production. These process designs, and associated simulation codes, can be downloaded for modification, as needed. The methodology presented in this book can be used to evaluate energy efficiency, cost, sustainability, and environmental acceptability of plants and new products. Based on the results of that analysis, the methodology can be applied to other chemical complexes for new bioprocesses, reduced emissions, and energy savings.

Written by two leading researchers from the world-renowned Japan Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Hydrogen Production Handbook is an unrivalled overview of current and future prospects for the effective production of hydrogen via nuclear energy. Combining information from scholarly analyses, industrial data, references, and other resources, this handbook illustrates hydrogen’s versatility and potential both as a sustainable energy carrier (e.g., fuel for vehicles and power generators) and as a feedstock material for industry (agriculture, oil, chemical, and steel, etc.). Packed with details about the science, engineering, and production involved in nuclear hydrogen generation, this handbook presents case studies that delve into: Research results of hydrogen development programs sponsored by Japan, Argentina, China, Korea, the US and the EU, among othersOperational developments at major nuclear reactorsCutting-edge hydrogen production systems and methods, including high-temperature electrolysis of steam and biomass gasificationApplications such as heat- and corrosion-resistant construction materials, chemical reactors, and heat exchangers, as well as thermochemical iodine-sulfur processesIntegrated process designs (including thermochemical and hybrid methods)Nuclear hydrogen plant operation management and safety Far exceeding the limited introductory detail offered in other books on the topic, this reference offers an all-encompassing international perspective on nuclear hydrogen production. Addressing a wide range of pertinent technologies, scientific trends, and technical details, this resource will be a useful tool for readers at all levels of understanding.

Oxide semiconductors, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), are increasingly being considered as replacements for silicon in the development of the next generation of solar cells. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide presents the basic properties of binary metal oxide semiconductors and the performance-related properties of TiO2 as they relate to solar energy.The book provides a general background on oxide semiconductors based on binary oxides and their solid solutions, including electronic and ionic conductors. It covers several aspects of solid-state electrochemistry of oxides, such as defect chemistry, and defect-related properties, such as electrical properties, diffusion, segregation, and reactivity. The author also takes a pioneering approach in considering bulk versus surface semiconducting properties, showing how they are different due to the effect of segregation. One of the first on semiconducting, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 and its solid solutions with donor- and acceptor-type ions, the book discusses defect chemistry of TiO2 in terms of defect equilibria and defect-related properties, including electrical properties, self and chemical diffusion, surface properties, segregation, and reactivity and photoreactivity with oxygen, water, and microbial agents. The text also illustrates the use of TiO2 as an emerging material for solar energy conversion systems, including the generation of hydrogen fuel by photoelectrochemical water splitting, the photocatalytic purification of water, and the generation of photovoltaic electricity. In addition, it presents defect disorder diagrams for the formation of TiO2-based semiconductors with controlled properties. Encompassing the areas of solid-state science, surface chemistry, and photocatalysis, this book reflects the increasing awareness of the importance of structural imperfections, such as point defects, in understanding the properties of metal oxides, specifically TiO2-based semiconductors.

Water, in all its forms, may be the key to an environmentally friendly energy economy. Water is free, there is plenty of it, plus it carries what is generally believed to be the best long-term source of green energy—hydrogen.Water for Energy and Fuel Production explores the many roles of water in the energy and fuel industry. The text not only discusses water’s use as a direct source of energy and fuel—such as hydrogen from water dissociation, methane from water-based clathrate molecules, hydroelectric dams, and hydrokinetic energy from tidal waves, off-shore undercurrents, and inland waterways—but also: Describes water’s benign application in the production of oil, gas, coal, uranium, biomass, and other raw fuels, and as an energy carrier in the form of hot water and steamExamines water’s role as a reactant, reaction medium, and catalyst—as well as steam’s role as a reactant—for the conversion of raw fuels to synthetic fuelsExplains how supercritical water can be used to convert fossil- and bio-based feedstock to synthetic fuels in the presence and absence of a catalystEmploying illustrative case studies and commercial examples, Water for Energy and Fuel Production demonstrates the versatility of water as a provider of energy and fuel, conveying the message that as energy demand and environmental concerns grow, so should our vigilance in pursuing the role of water in the energy landscape.

Particle Technology and Applications presents the theoretical and technological background of particle science and explores up-to-date applications of particle technologies in the chemical, petrochemical, energy, mechanical, and materials industries. It looks at the importance of particle science and technology in the development of efficient chemical processes and novel functional materials.With peer-reviewed chapters written by a select group of academic and industry experts, the book provides examples of particle technology and its advanced industrial applications. It includes the necessary scientific background of particle technology as well as relevant technological details of the application areas. This helps readers grasp specific details of the applied technology, since the advanced particle technology can directly or synergistically have an impact on outcomes, such as the development of a targeted functional material, enhancement of existing processing techniques, and modification of the properties of existing materials.Presenting a consistent scientific treatment of all topics, this comprehensive yet accessible book covers a variety of practical applications and relevant theoretical foundation of particle science and technology. It will help readers tackle new challenges in process and product development and create new methodologies in the clean technology sector.

While strides are being made in the research and development of environmentally acceptable and more sustainable alternative fuels—including efforts to reduce emissions of air pollutants associated with combustion processes from electric power generation and vehicular transportation—fossil fuel resources are limited and may soon be on the verge of depletion in the near future.Measuring the correlation between quality of life, energy consumption, and the efficient utilization of energy, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition thoroughly examines the science and technology of alternative fuels and their processing technologies. It focuses specifically on environmental, technoeconomic, and socioeconomic issues associated with the use of alternative energy sources, such as sustainability, applicable technologies, modes of utilization, and impacts on society.Written with research and development scientists and engineers in mind, the material in this handbook provides a detailed description and an assessment of available and feasible technologies, environmental health and safety issues, governmental regulations, and issues and agendas for R&D. It also includes alternative energy networks for production, distribution, and consumption. What’s New in This Edition:Contains several new chapters of emerging interest and updates various chapters throughoutIncludes coverage of coal gasification and liquefaction, hydrogen technology and safety, shale fuel by hydraulic fracturing, ethanol from lignocellulosics, biodiesel, algae fuels, and energy from waste productsCovers statistics, current concerns, and future trendsA single-volume complete reference, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition contains relevant information on chemistry, technology, and novel approaches, as well as scientific foundations for further enhancements and breakthroughs. In addition to its purposes as a handbook for practicing scientists and engineers, it can also be used as a textbook or as a reference book on fuel science and engineering, energy and environment, chemical process design, and energy and environmental policy.

This practical manual provides basic theoretical knowledge about fermentative processes, biochemical laboratory techniques, and an arsenal of practical tricks, recipes, do’s, and don’ts for the biogas plant manager. It explains why some popular tests and techniques are unreliable, how to optimize the feedstock’s cost and the energy self-consumption of the digester, and how to analyze experimental error propagation and judge whether a marketing claim or a test result from the literature is correct. All examples are taken from the author’s experience as consultant in managing biogas plants in Italy and Spain. It features a glossary of technical jargon and useful reference tables and formulae. By following the procedures described in this manual, anybody can learn in short time how to become a "bacteria farmer."