Mathematics in Science and Engineering - Böcker

It is the first text that in addition to standard convergence theory treats other necessary ingredients for successful numerical simulations of physical systems encountered by every practitioner. The book is aimed at users with interests ranging from application modeling to numerical analysis and scientific software development. It is strongly influenced by the authors research in in space physics, electrical and optical engineering, applied mathematics, numerical analysis and professional software development. The material is based on a year-long graduate course taught at the University of Arizona since 1989. The book covers the first two-semesters of a three semester series. The second semester is based on a semester-long project, while the third semester requirement consists of a particular methods course in specific disciplines like computational fluid dynamics, finite element method in mechanical engineering, computational physics, biology, chemistry, photonics, etc.The first three chapters focus on basic properties of partial differential equations, including analysis of the dispersion relation, symmetries, particular solutions and instabilities of the PDEs; methods of discretization and convergence theory for initial value problems. The goal is to progress from observations of simple numerical artifacts like diffusion, damping, dispersion, and anisotropies to their analysis and management technique, as it is not always possible to completely eliminate them.In the second part of the book we cover topics for which there are only sporadic theoretical results, while they are an integral part and often the most important part for successful numerical simulation. We adopt a more heuristic and practical approach using numerical methods of investigation and validation. The aim is teach students subtle key issues in order to separate physics from numerics. The following topics are addressed: Implementation of transparent and absorbing boundary conditions; Practical stability analysis in the presence of the boundaries and interfaces; Treatment of problems with different temporal/spatial scales either explicit or implicit; preservation of symmetries and additional constraints; physical regularization of singularities; resolution enhancement using adaptive mesh refinement and moving meshes. Self contained presentation of key issues in successful numerical simulation Accessible to scientists and engineers with diverse background Provides analysis of the dispersion relation, symmetries, particular solutions and instabilities of the partial differential equations

This book presents an introduction to the classical theories of continuum mechanics; in particular, to the theories of ideal, compressible, and viscous fluids, and to the linear and nonlinear theories of elasticity. These theories are important, not only because they are applicable to a majority of the problems in continuum mechanics arising in practice, but because they form a solid base upon which one can readily construct more complex theories of material behavior. Further, although attention is limited to the classical theories, the treatment is modern with a major emphasis on foundations and structure

This book is a landmark title in the continuous move from integer to non-integer in mathematics: from integer numbers to real numbers, from factorials to the gamma function, from integer-order models to models of an arbitrary order. For historical reasons, the word 'fractional' is used instead of the word 'arbitrary'.This book is written for readers who are new to the fields of fractional derivatives and fractional-order mathematical models, and feel that they need them for developing more adequate mathematical models.In this book, not only applied scientists, but also pure mathematicians will find fresh motivation for developing new methods and approaches in their fields of research.A reader will find in this book everything necessary for the initial study and immediate application of fractional derivatives fractional differential equations, including several necessary special functions, basic theory of fractional differentiation, uniqueness and existence theorems, analytical numerical methods of solution of fractional differential equations, and many inspiring examples of applications. A unique survey of many applications of fractional calculus Presents basic theory Includes a unified presentation of selected classical results, which are important for applications Provides many examples Contains a separate chapter of fractional order control systems, which opens new perspectives in control theory The first systematic consideration of Caputo's fractional derivative in comparison with other selected approaches Includes tables of fractional derivatives, which can be used for evaluation of all considered types of fractional derivatives

Modeling and Analysis of Modern Fluids helps researchers solve physical problems observed in fluid dynamics and related fields, such as heat and mass transfer, boundary layer phenomena, and numerical heat transfer. These problems are characterized by nonlinearity and large system dimensionality, and 'exact' solutions are impossible to provide using the conventional mixture of theoretical and analytical analysis with purely numerical methods.

To solve these complex problems, this work provides a toolkit of established and novel methods drawn from the literature across nonlinear approximation theory. It covers Pad� approximation theory, embedded-parameters perturbation, Adomian decomposition, homotopy analysis, modified differential transformation, fractal theory, fractional calculus, fractional differential equations, as well as classical numerical techniques for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. In addition, 3D modeling and analysis are also covered in-depth.

Systematically describes powerful approximation methods to solve nonlinear equations in fluid problems Includes novel developments in fractional order differential equations with fractal theory applied to fluids Features new methods, including Homotypy Approximation, embedded-parameter perturbation, and 3D models and analysis

Algebraic and Combinatorial Computational Biology introduces students and researchers to a panorama of powerful and current methods for mathematical problem-solving in modern computational biology. Presented in a modular format, each topic introduces the biological foundations of the field, covers specialized mathematical theory, and concludes by highlighting connections with ongoing research, particularly open questions. The work addresses problems from gene regulation, neuroscience, phylogenetics, molecular networks, assembly and folding of biomolecular structures, and the use of clustering methods in biology. A number of these chapters are surveys of new topics that have not been previously compiled into one unified source. These topics were selected because they highlight the use of technique from algebra and combinatorics that are becoming mainstream in the life sciences.

Integrates a comprehensive selection of tools from computational biology into educational or research programs Emphasizes practical problem-solving through multiple exercises, projects and spinoff computational simulations Contains scalable material for use in undergraduate and graduate-level classes and research projects Introduces the reader to freely-available professional software Supported by illustrative datasets and adaptable computer code

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Methods for Partial Differential Equations evaluates the potential applications of POD reduced-order numerical methods in increasing computational efficiency, decreasing calculating load and alleviating the accumulation of truncation error in the computational process. Introduces the foundations of finite-differences, finite-elements and finite-volume-elements. Models of time-dependent PDEs are presented, with detailed numerical procedures, implementation and error analysis. Output numerical data are plotted in graphics and compared using standard traditional methods. These models contain parabolic, hyperbolic and nonlinear systems of PDEs, suitable for the user to learn and adapt methods to their own R&D problems.

Explains ways to reduce order for PDEs by means of the POD method so that reduced-order models have few unknowns Helps readers speed up computation and reduce computation load and memory requirements while numerically capturing system characteristics Enables readers to apply and adapt the methods to solve similar problems for PDEs of hyperbolic, parabolic and nonlinear types

Calculus for Engineering Students: Fundamentals, Real Problems, and Computers insists that mathematics cannot be separated from chemistry, mechanics, electricity, electronics, automation, and other disciplines. It emphasizes interdisciplinary problems as a way to show the importance of calculus in engineering tasks and problems. While concentrating on actual problems instead of theory, the book uses Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) to help students incorporate lessons into their own studies. Assuming a working familiarity with calculus concepts, the book provides a hands-on opportunity for students to increase their calculus and mathematics skills while also learning about engineering applications.

Organized around project-based rather than traditional homework-based learning Reviews basic mathematics and theory while also introducing applications Employs uniform chapter sections that encourage the comparison and contrast of different areas of engineering

From Dimension-Free Matrix Theory to Cross-Dimensional Dynamic Systems illuminates the underlying mathematics of semi-tensor product (STP), a generalized matrix product that extends the conventional matrix product to two matrices of arbitrary dimensions. Dimension-varying systems feature prominently across many disciplines, and through innovative applications its newly developed theory can revolutionize large data systems such as genomics and biosystems, deep learning, IT, and information-based engineering applications.

Provides, for the first time, cross-dimensional system theory that is useful for modeling dimension-varying systems. Offers potential applications to the analysis and control of new dimension-varying systems. Investigates the underlying mathematics of semi-tensor product, including the equivalence and lattice structure of matrices and monoid of matrices with arbitrary dimensions.

Transmutations, Singular and Fractional Differential Equations with Applications to Mathematical Physics connects difficult problems with similar more simple ones. The book's strategy works for differential and integral equations and systems and for many theoretical and applied problems in mathematics, mathematical physics, probability and statistics, applied computer science and numerical methods. In addition to being exposed to recent advances, readers learn to use transmutation methods not only as practical tools, but also as vehicles that deliver theoretical insights.

Presents the universal transmutation method as the most powerful for solving many problems in mathematics, mathematical physics, probability and statistics, applied computer science and numerical methods Combines mathematical rigor with an illuminating exposition full of historical notes and fascinating details Enables researchers, lecturers and students to find material under the single "roof"

Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations for Turbulence provides a rigorous but still accessible account of research into local and global energy dissipation, with particular emphasis on turbulence modeling. The mathematical detail is combined with coverage of physical terms such as energy balance and turbulence to make sure the reader is always in touch with the physical context. All important recent advancements in the analysis of the equations, such as rigorous bounds on structure functions and energy transfer rates in weak solutions, are addressed, and connections are made to numerical methods with many practical applications.

The book is written to make this subject accessible to a range of readers, carefully tackling interdisciplinary topics where the combination of theory, numerics, and modeling can be a challenge.

Includes a comprehensive survey of modern reduced-order models, including ones for data assimilation Includes a self-contained coverage of mathematical analysis of fluid flows, which will act as an ideal introduction to the book for readers without mathematical backgrounds Presents methods and techniques in a practical way so they can be rapidly applied to the reader's own work

Most mathematicians, engineers, and many other scientists are well-acquainted with theory and application of ordinary differential equations. This book seeks to present Volterra integral and functional differential equations in that same framwork, allowing the readers to parlay their knowledge of ordinary differential equations into theory and application of the more general problems. Thus, the presentation starts slowly with very familiar concepts and shows how these are generalized in a natural way to problems involving a memory. Liapunov's direct method is gently introduced and applied to many particular examples in ordinary differential equations, Volterra integro-differential equations, and functional differential equations.

By Chapter 7 the momentum has built until we are looking at problems on the frontier. Chapter 7 is entirely new, dealing with fundamental problems of the resolvent, Floquet theory, and total stability. Chapter 8 presents a solid foundation for the theory of functional differential equations. Many recent results on stability and periodic solutions of functional differential equations are given and unsolved problems are stated.

Smooth transition from ordinary differential equations to integral and functional differential equations Unification of the theories, methods, and applications of ordinary and functional differential equations Large collection of examples of Liapunov functions Description of the history of stability theory leading up to unsolved problems Applications of the resolvent to stability and periodic problems

The book provides the reader with the different types of functional equations that s/he can find in practice, showing, step by step, how they can be solved.A general methodology for solving functional equations is provided in Chapter 2. The different types of functional equations are described and solved in Chapters 3 to 8. Many examples, coming from different fields, as geometry, science, engineering, economics, probability, statistics, etc, help the reader to change his/her mind in order to state problems as functional equations as an alternative to differential equations, and to state new problems in terms of functional equations or systems.An interesting feature of the book is that it deals with functional networks, a powerful generalization of neural networks that allows solving many practical problems. The second part of the book, Chapters 9 to 13, is devoted to the applications of this important paradigm.The book contains many examples and end of chapter exercises, that facilitates the understanding of the concepts and applications.A general methodology for solving functional equations is provided in Chapter 2.It deals with functional networks, a powerful generalization of neural networksMany examples, coming from different fields, as geometry, science, engineering, economics, probability, statistics, etc, illustrate the concept of functional equationFunctional equations are presented as a powerful alternative to differential equationsThe book contains end of chapter exercises

Functional analysis is a powerful tool when applied to mathematical problems arising from physical situations. The present book provides, by careful selection of material, a collection of concepts and techniques essential for the modern practitioner. Emphasis is placed on the solution of equations (including nonlinear and partial differential equations). The assumed background is limited to elementary real variable theory and finite-dimensional vector spaces. Provides an ideal transition between introductory math courses and advanced graduate study in applied mathematics, the physical sciences, or engineering Gives the reader a keen understanding of applied functional analysis, building progressively from simple background material to the deepest and most significant results Introduces each new topic with a clear, concise explanation Includes numerous examples linking fundamental principles with applications Solidifies the reader's understanding with numerous end-of-chapter problems

The book "Computational Error and Complexity in Science and Engineering� pervades all the science and engineering disciplines where computation occurs. Scientific and engineering computation happens to be the interface between the mathematical model/problem and the real world application. One needs to obtain good quality numerical values for any real-world implementation. Just mathematical quantities symbols are of no use to engineers/technologists. Computational complexity of the numerical method to solve the mathematical model, also computed along with the solution, on the other hand, will tell us how much computation/computational effort has been spent to achieve that quality of result. Anyone who wants the specified physical problem to be solved has every right to know the quality of the solution as well as the resources spent for the solution. The computed error as well as the complexity provide the scientific convincing answer to these questions. Specifically some of the disciplines in which the book will be readily useful are (i) Computational Mathematics, (ii) Applied Mathematics/Computational Engineering, Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation and Modelling. Operations Research (both deterministic and stochastic), Computing Methodologies, Computer Applications, and Numerical Methods in Engineering.Key Features:- Describes precisely ready-to-use computational error and complexity- Includes simple easy-to-grasp examples wherever necessary.- Presents error and complexity in error-free, parallel, and probabilistic methods.- Discusses deterministic and probabilistic methods with error and complexity. - Points out the scope and limitation of mathematical error-bounds.- Provides a comprehensive up-to-date bibliography after each chapter.� Describes precisely ready-to-use computational error and complexity� Includes simple easy-to-grasp examples wherever necessary.� Presents error and complexity in error-free, parallel, and probabilistic methods.� Discusses deterministic and probabilistic methods with error and complexity. � Points out the scope and limitation of mathematical error-bounds.� Provides a comprehensive up-to-date bibliography after each chapter.

There is an ever increasing need for modelling complex processes reliably. Computational modelling techniques, such as CFD and MD may be used as tools to study specific systems, but their emergence has not decreased the need for generic, analytical process models. Multiphase and multicomponent systems, and high-intensity processes displaying a highly complex behaviour are becoming omnipresent in the processing industry.

This book discusses an elegant, but little-known technique for formulating process models in process technology: stochastic process modelling.

The technique is based on computing the probability distribution for a single particle's position in the process vessel, and/or the particle's properties, as a function of time, rather than - as is traditionally done - basing the model on the formulation and solution of differential conservation equations.

Using this technique can greatly simplify the formulation of a model, and even make modelling possible for processes so complex that the traditional method is impracticable.

Stochastic modelling has sporadically been used in various branches of process technology under various names and guises. This book gives, as the first, an overview of this work, and shows how these techniques are similar in nature, and make use of the same basic mathematical tools and techniques.

The book also demonstrates how stochastic modelling may be implemented by describing example cases, and shows how a stochastic model may be formulated for a case, which cannot be described by formulating and solving differential balance equations.

Introduction to stochastic process modelling as an alternative modelling technique Shows how stochastic modelling may be succesful where the traditional technique fails Overview of stochastic modelling in process technology in the research literature Illustration of the principle by a wide range of practical examples In-depth and self-contained discussions Points the way to both mathematical and technological research in a new, rewarding field

This book is a unique blend of difference equations theory and its exciting applications to economics. It deals with not only theory of linear (and linearized) difference equations, but also nonlinear dynamical systems which have been widely applied to economic analysis in recent years. It studies most important concepts and theorems in difference equations theory in a way that can be understood by anyone who has basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra. It contains well-known applications and many recent developments in different fields of economics. The book also simulates many models to illustrate paths of economic dynamics. A unique book concentrated on theory of discrete dynamical systems and its traditional as well as advanced applications to economics Mathematical definitions and theorems are introduced in a systematic and easily accessible way Examples are from almost all fields of economics; technically proceeding from basic to advanced topics Lively illustrations with numerous figures Numerous simulation to see paths of economic dynamics Comprehensive treatment of the subject with a comprehensive and easily accessible approach

This book introduces the method of lower and upper solutions for ordinary differential equations. This method is known to be both easy and powerful to solve second order boundary value problems. Besides an extensive introduction to the method, the first half of the book describes some recent and more involved results on this subject. These concern the combined use of the method with degree theory, with variational methods and positive operators. The second half of the book concerns applications. This part exemplifies the method and provides the reader with a fairly large introduction to the problematic of boundary value problems. Although the book concerns mainly ordinary differential equations, some attention is given to other settings such as partial differential equations or functional differential equations. A detailed history of the problem is described in the introduction.� Presents the fundamental features of the method� Construction of lower and upper solutions in problems� Working applications and illustrated theorems by examples� Description of the history of the method and Bibliographical notes

This book gives the reader a survey of hundreds results in the field of the cell and cell associated objects modeling. Applications to modeling in the areas of AIDS, cancers and life longevity are investigated in this book. Introduces and proves fundamental properties of evolutionary systems on optimal distribution of their various resources on their internal and external functions Gives detailed analysis of applications to modeling AIDS, cancers, and life longevity Introducing and grounding the respective numerical algorithms and software Detailed analysis of hundreds of scientific works in the field of mathematical modeling of the cell and cell associated objects

Dynamical Systems Method for Solving Nonlinear Operator Equations is of interest to graduate students in functional analysis, numerical analysis, and ill-posed and inverse problems especially. The book presents a general method for solving operator equations, especially nonlinear and ill-posed. It requires a fairly modest background and is essentially self-contained. All the results are proved in the book, and some of the background material is also included. The results presented are mostly obtained by the author. Contains a systematic development of a novel general method, the dynamical systems method, DSM for solving operator equations, especially nonlinear and ill-posed Self-contained, suitable for wide audience Can be used for various courses for graduate students and partly for undergraduates (especially for RUE classes)

L-System Fractals covers all the fundamental aspects of generating fractals through L-system. Also it provides insight to various researches in this area for generating fractals through L-system approach & estimating dimensions. Also it discusses various applications of L-system fractals. Fractals generated from L-System including hybrid fractals Dimension calculation for L-system fractals Images and codes for L-system fractals Research directions in the area of L-system fractals Usage of various freely downloadable tools in this area

The concept of equilibrium plays a central role in various applied sciences, such as physics (especially, mechanics), economics, engineering, transportation, sociology, chemistry, biology and other fields. If one can formulate the equilibrium problem in the form of a mathematical model, solutions of the corresponding problem can be used for forecasting the future behavior of very complex systems and, also, for correcting the the current state of the system under control. This book presents a unifying look on different equilibrium concepts in economics, including several models from related sciences.- Presents a unifying look on different equilibrium concepts and also the present state of investigations in this field- Describes static and dynamic input-output models, Walras, Cassel-Wald, spatial price, auction market, oligopolistic equilibrium models, transportation and migration equilibrium models- Covers the basics of theory and solution methods both for the complementarity and variational inequality problems- The methods are illustrated by applications and exercises to economic equilibrium models