Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing – serie

This classic reference on musical acoustics and performance practice begins with a brief introduction to the fundamentals of acoustics and the generation of musical sounds. It then discusses the particulars of the sounds made by all the standard instruments in a modern orchestra as well as the human voice, the way in which the sounds made by these instruments are dispersed and how the room into which they are projected affects the sounds.

The problems of analyzing and synthesizing musical timbres have been prevalent for over half a century, and a book length exploration of this large and complex subject has been long overdue. Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception of Musical Sounds: Sound of Music consists of eight chapters that span the range from tutorial introduction to advanced research and application to speculative assessment of its various techniques. All of the contributors use a generalized additive sine wave model for describing musical timbre which gives a conceptual unity but is of sufficient utility to be adapted to many different tasks. The authors represent an international community of researchers and teachers in the field of analysis/synthesis/perception, and this book reflects the important trends and interests current in the subject. Due to its breadth, students will find the book a thorough introduction to current thinking and implementation of additive sine wave timbral models. Researchers new to the field will find a canvas of applications with citations to the relevant literature, which will also benefit the teacher searching for an effective syllabus. Due to its scope, Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception of Musical Sounds will become the standard reference in the field and will be seen as the catalyst for exciting research in the years ahead.

Humans have always been fascinated by marine life, from extremely small diatoms to the largest mammal that inhabits our planet, the blue whale. However, studying marine life in the ocean is an extremely difficult propo- tion because an ocean environment is not only vast but also opaque to most instruments and can be a hostile environment in which to perform expe- ments and research. The use of acoustics is one way to effectively study animal life in the ocean. Acoustic energy propagates in water more efficiently than almost any form of energy and can be utilized by animals for a variety of purposes and also by scientists interested in studying their behavior and natural history. However, underwater acoustics have traditionally been in the domain of physicists, engineers and mathematicians. Studying the natural history of animals is in the domain of biologists and physiologists. Und- standing behavior of animals has traditionally involved psychologists and zoologists. In short, marine bioacoustics is and will continue to be a diverse discipline involving investigators from a variety of backgrounds, with very different knowledge and skill sets. The inherent inter-disciplinary nature of marine bioacoustics presents a large challenge in writing a single text that would be meaningful to various investigators and students interested in this field. Yet we have embarked on this challenge to produce a volume that would be helpful to not only beginning investigators but to seasoned researchers.

This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the theory of sound propagation in the ocean. The text treats both ray and wave propagation and pays considerable attention to stochastic problems such as the scattering of sound at rough surfaces and random inhomogeneities. An introductory chapter that discusses the basic experimental data complements the following theoretical chapters. New material has been added throughout for this third edition. New topics covered include: - inter-thermocline lenses and their effect on sound fields- weakly divergent bundles of rays - ocean acoustic tomography - coupled modes - sound scattering by anisotropic volume inhomogeneities with fractal spectra - Voronovich's approach to sound scattering from the rough sea surface. In addition, the list of references has been brought up to date and the latest experimental data have been included.

Soun is nought but air y-broke —Geoffrey Chaucer end of the 14th century Traditionally, acoustics has formed one of the fundamental branches of physics. In the twentieth century, the ?eld has broadened considerably and become - creasingly interdisciplinary. At the present time, specialists in modern acoustics can be encountered not only in physics departments, but also in electrical and mechanical engineering departments, as well as in mathematics, oceanography, and even psychology departments. They work in areas spanning from musical instruments to architecture to problems related to speech perception. Today, six hundred years after Chaucer made his brilliant remark, we recognize that sound and acoustics is a discipline extremely broad in scope, literally covering waves and vibrations in all media at all frequencies and at all intensities. This series of scienti?c literature, entitled Modern Acoustics and Signal P- cessing (MASP), covers all areas of today’s acoustics as an interdisciplinary?eld. It offers scienti?c monographs, graduate-level textbooks, and reference materials in such areas as architectural acoustics, structural sound and vibration, musical acoustics, noise, bioacoustics, physiological and psychological acoustics,speech, ocean acoustics, underwater sound, and acoustical signal processing.

This book proceeds from basic theory to design studies of concert and multiple purpose halls. The author introduces a remarkable seat selection system for analysis of new and existing halls and proposes a diagnostic system for testing physical properties and calculating psychological attributes at any seat after a hall is built. The book also presents a theory of subjective preferences, vbased on a model of the auitory cognitive system in the brain. Readers can thus follow the temporal and spatial values that may be associated with the left and right cerebral hemispheres in listening to music and speech, respectively, in a room. From results of calculating subjective preference at each seat, for example, architects, musicians, and acousticical engineers concerned with the design and use of concert and multi-use halls may determine the best location to perform a certain type of music on the stage, as well as the best seats from which to listen. These results will also allow designers tooptimize the height of the canopy above the stage, and the positions of other reflectors to fuse performer and hall sound. At the end of the book such a design theory is described, incorporating temporal and spatial values that may be generalized in physical environmental design. In writing this book, the author has paid special attention to stimulating the left and the right hemispheres of the brain with both text and illustrations. Written at the level of advanced undergraduate students, this book should be of interest not only to acoustical engineers and architects, but also to musicians, acoustical consultants, audio engineers, and sound coordinators of concert halls and theaters, as well as researchers who are interested in fusing science and art.

Active noise control - the reduction of noise by generating an acoustic signal that actively interferes with the noise - has become an active area of basic research and engineering applications. The aim of this book is to present all of the basic knowledge one needs for assessing how useful active noise control will be for a given problem and then to provide some guidance for designing, setting up, and tuning an active noise-control system. Written for students who have no prior knowledge of acoustics, signal processing, or noise control but who do have a reasonable grasp of basic physics and mathematics, the book is short and descriptive. It leaves for more advanced texts or research monographs all mathematical details and proofs concerning vibrations, signal processing and the like. The book can thus be used in independent study, in a classroom with laboratories, or in conjunction with a kit for experiment or demonstration. Topics covered include: basic acoustics; human perception and sound; sound intensity and related concepts; fundamentals of passive noise-control strategies; basics of digital systems; basics of adaptive controllers; and active noise control systems.

This introduction to random variables and signals is intended to provide engineering students with the analytical and computational tools for processing random signals using linear systems. It presents the underlying theory as well as examples and applications using computational aids throughout, in particular, computer-based symbolic computation programs are used for performing the analytical manipulations and the numerical calculations. Intended for a one-semester course for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students, the book covers such topics as: set theory and an introduction to probability; random variables, distributions, and processes; deterministic signals, spectral properties, and transformations; and filtering, and detection theory. The large number of worked examples together with the programming aids provided on the CD make the book eminently suited for self study as well as classroom use.

This classic reference on musical acoustics and performance practice begins with a brief introduction to the fundamentals of acoustics and the generation of musical sounds. It then discusses the particulars of the sounds made by all the standard instruments in a modern orchestra as well as the human voice, the way in which the sounds made by these instruments are dispersed and how the room into which they are projected affects the sounds.

The problems of analyzing and synthesizing musical timbres have been prevalent for over half a century, and a book length exploration of this large and complex subject has been long overdue. Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception of Musical Sounds: Sound of Music consists of eight chapters that span the range from tutorial introduction to advanced research and application to speculative assessment of its various techniques. All of the contributors use a generalized additive sine wave model for describing musical timbre which gives a conceptual unity but is of sufficient utility to be adapted to many different tasks. The authors represent an international community of researchers and teachers in the field of analysis/synthesis/perception, and this book reflects the important trends and interests current in the subject. Due to its breadth, students will find the book a thorough introduction to current thinking and implementation of additive sine wave timbral models. Researchers new to the field will find a canvas of applications with citations to the relevant literature, which will also benefit the teacher searching for an effective syllabus. Due to its scope, Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception of Musical Sounds will become the standard reference in the field and will be seen as the catalyst for exciting research in the years ahead.

Humans have always been fascinated by marine life, from extremely small diatoms to the largest mammal that inhabits our planet, the blue whale. However, studying marine life in the ocean is an extremely difficult propo- tion because an ocean environment is not only vast but also opaque to most instruments and can be a hostile environment in which to perform expe- ments and research. The use of acoustics is one way to effectively study animal life in the ocean. Acoustic energy propagates in water more efficiently than almost any form of energy and can be utilized by animals for a variety of purposes and also by scientists interested in studying their behavior and natural history. However, underwater acoustics have traditionally been in the domain of physicists, engineers and mathematicians. Studying the natural history of animals is in the domain of biologists and physiologists. Und- standing behavior of animals has traditionally involved psychologists and zoologists. In short, marine bioacoustics is and will continue to be a diverse discipline involving investigators from a variety of backgrounds, with very different knowledge and skill sets. The inherent inter-disciplinary nature of marine bioacoustics presents a large challenge in writing a single text that would be meaningful to various investigators and students interested in this field. Yet we have embarked on this challenge to produce a volume that would be helpful to not only beginning investigators but to seasoned researchers.

This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the theory of sound propagation in the ocean. The text treats both ray and wave propagation and pays considerable attention to stochastic problems such as the scattering of sound at rough surfaces and random inhomogeneities. An introductory chapter that discusses the basic experimental data complements the following theoretical chapters. New material has been added throughout for this third edition. New topics covered include: - inter-thermocline lenses and their effect on sound fields- weakly divergent bundles of rays - ocean acoustic tomography - coupled modes - sound scattering by anisotropic volume inhomogeneities with fractal spectra - Voronovich's approach to sound scattering from the rough sea surface. In addition, the list of references has been brought up to date and the latest experimental data have been included.

Senior level/graduate level text/reference presenting state-of-the- art numerical techniques to solve the wave equation in heterogeneous fluid-solid media. Numerical models have become standard research tools in acoustic laboratories, and thus computational acoustics is becoming an increasingly important branch of ocean acoustic science. The first edition of this successful book, written by the recognized leaders of the field, was the first to present a comprehensive and modern introduction to computational ocean acoustics accessible to students. This revision, with 100 additional pages, completely updates the material in the first edition and includes new models based on current research. It includes problems and solutions in every chapter, making the book more useful in teaching (the first edition had a separate solutions manual). The book is intended for graduate and advanced undergraduate students of acoustics, geology and geophysics, applied mathematics, ocean engineering or as areference in computational methods courses, as well as professionals in these fields, particularly those working in government (especially Navy) and industry labs engaged in the development or use of propagating models.

Active noise control - the reduction of noise by generating an acoustic signal that actively interferes with the noise - has become an active area of basic research and engineering applications. The aim of this book is to present all of the basic knowledge one needs for assessing how useful active noise control will be for a given problem and then to provide some guidance for designing, setting up, and tuning an active noise-control system. Written for students who have no prior knowledge of acoustics, signal processing, or noise control but who do have a reasonable grasp of basic physics and mathematics, the book is short and descriptive. It leaves for more advanced texts or research monographs all mathematical details and proofs concerning vibrations, signal processing and the like. The book can thus be used in independent study, in a classroom with laboratories, or in conjunction with a kit for experiment or demonstration. Topics covered include: basic acoustics; human perception and sound; sound intensity and related concepts; fundamentals of passive noise-control strategies; basics of digital systems; basics of adaptive controllers; and active noise control systems.

This book proceeds from basic theory to design studies of concert and multiple purpose halls. The author introduces a remarkable seat selection system for analysis of new and existing halls and proposes a diagnostic system for testing physical properties and calculating psychological attributes at any seat after a hall is built. The book also presents a theory of subjective preferences, vbased on a model of the auitory cognitive system in the brain. Readers can thus follow the temporal and spatial values that may be associated with the left and right cerebral hemispheres in listening to music and speech, respectively, in a room. From results of calculating subjective preference at each seat, for example, architects, musicians, and acousticical engineers concerned with the design and use of concert and multi-use halls may determine the best location to perform a certain type of music on the stage, as well as the best seats from which to listen. These results will also allow designers tooptimize the height of the canopy above the stage, and the positions of other reflectors to fuse performer and hall sound. At the end of the book such a design theory is described, incorporating temporal and spatial values that may be generalized in physical environmental design. In writing this book, the author has paid special attention to stimulating the left and the right hemispheres of the brain with both text and illustrations. Written at the level of advanced undergraduate students, this book should be of interest not only to acoustical engineers and architects, but also to musicians, acoustical consultants, audio engineers, and sound coordinators of concert halls and theaters, as well as researchers who are interested in fusing science and art.

This introduction to random variables and signals is intended to provide engineering students with the analytical and computational tools for processing random signals using linear systems. It presents the underlying theory as well as examples and applications using computational aids throughout, in particular, computer-based symbolic computation programs are used for performing the analytical manipulations and the numerical calculations. Intended for a one-semester course for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students, the book covers such topics as: set theory and an introduction to probability; random variables, distributions, and processes; deterministic signals, spectral properties, and transformations; and filtering, and detection theory. The large number of worked examples together with the programming aids provided on the CD make the book eminently suited for self study as well as classroom use.

Seismic waves -- generated both by natural earthquakes and by man-made sources -- have produced an enormous amount of information about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or sperical shells) having different elastic properties and one determines these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves. The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow classic direct S waves, known as coda waves, have shown that there are heterogeneities of random size scattered randomly throughout the layers of the classic seismic model. This book focuses on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. The presentation combines information from many sources to present a coherent introduction to the theory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials and includes analyses of observations using the theoretical methods developed. Written for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students of geophysics or planetary sciences, this book should also be of interest to civil engineers, seismologists, acoustical engineers, and others interested in wave propagation through inhomogeneoud elastic media.

Soun is nought but air y-broke —Geoffrey Chaucer end of the 14th century Traditionally, acoustics has formed one of the fundamental branches of physics. In the twentieth century, the ?eld has broadened considerably and become - creasingly interdisciplinary. At the present time, specialists in modern acoustics can be encountered not only in physics departments, but also in electrical and mechanical engineering departments, as well as in mathematics, oceanography, and even psychology departments. They work in areas spanning from musical instruments to architecture to problems related to speech perception. Today, six hundred years after Chaucer made his brilliant remark, we recognize that sound and acoustics is a discipline extremely broad in scope, literally covering waves and vibrations in all media at all frequencies and at all intensities. This series of scienti?c literature, entitled Modern Acoustics and Signal P- cessing (MASP), covers all areas of today’s acoustics as an interdisciplinary?eld. It offers scienti?c monographs, graduate-level textbooks, and reference materials in such areas as architectural acoustics, structural sound and vibration, musical acoustics, noise, bioacoustics, physiological and psychological acoustics,speech, ocean acoustics, underwater sound, and acoustical signal processing.

This book represents the HELS (Helmholtz equation least squares) theory and its applications for visualizing acoustic radiation from an arbitrarily shaped vibrating structure in free or confined space. It culminates the most updated research work of the author and his graduate students since 1997. The book contains six chapters. The first serves as a review of the fundamentals in acoustics and the rest cover five specific topics on the HELS theory.

This title brings to light the discoveries and insights into the lives of many marine species made possible over the last decade by passive acoustic recorders (PAR). Pop-ups, ARF, HARP, EAR, Bprobe, C-POD Atag, and Dtag are the acronyms of some of the many PARs that have changed our understanding of how marine animals live and strive in the ocean. Various types of PARs are used by different investigators in different areas of the world. These recorders have accumulated copious amounts of very important data, unveiling previously unknown information about large marine animals. Temporal, seasonal and spatial distribution patterns have been uncovered for many marine species. There have been many discoveries, new understandings and insights into how these animals live in and utilize the ocean and the importance of acoustics in their lives. Listening Within the Ocean summarizes these important discoveries, providing both a valuable resource for researchers and enjoyable reading for non-professionals interested in marine life.

This book, the first English-language translation of Acoustique des instruments de musique, Second Edition, presents the necessary foundations for understanding the complex physical phenomena involved in musical instruments. What is the function of the labium in a flute? Which features of an instrument allow us to make a clear audible distinction between a clarinet and a trumpet? With the help of numerous examples, these questions are addressed in detail. The authors focus in particular on the significant results obtained in the field during the last fifteen years. Their goal is to show that elementary physical models can be used with benefit for various applications in sound synthesis, instrument making, and sound recording. The book is primarily addressed to graduate students and researchers; however it could also be of interest for engineers, musicians, craftsmen, and music lovers who wish to learn about the basics of musical acoustics.

Senior level/graduate level text/reference presenting state-of-the- art numerical techniques to solve the wave equation in heterogeneous fluid-solid media. Numerical models have become standard research tools in acoustic laboratories, and thus computational acoustics is becoming an increasingly important branch of ocean acoustic science. The first edition of this successful book, written by the recognized leaders of the field, was the first to present a comprehensive and modern introduction to computational ocean acoustics accessible to students. This revision, with 100 additional pages, completely updates the material in the first edition and includes new models based on current research. It includes problems and solutions in every chapter, making the book more useful in teaching (the first edition had a separate solutions manual). The book is intended for graduate and advanced undergraduate students of acoustics, geology and geophysics, applied mathematics, ocean engineering or as areference in computational methods courses, as well as professionals in these fields, particularly those working in government (especially Navy) and industry labs engaged in the development or use of propagating models.

This book represents the HELS (Helmholtz equation least squares) theory and its applications for visualizing acoustic radiation from an arbitrarily shaped vibrating structure in free or confined space. It culminates the most updated research work of the author and his graduate students since 1997. The book contains six chapters. The first serves as a review of the fundamentals in acoustics and the rest cover five specific topics on the HELS theory.

This title brings to light the discoveries and insights into the lives of many marine species made possible over the last decade by passive acoustic recorders (PAR). Pop-ups, ARF, HARP, EAR, Bprobe, C-POD Atag, and Dtag are the acronyms of some of the many PARs that have changed our understanding of how marine animals live and strive in the ocean. Various types of PARs are used by different investigators in different areas of the world. These recorders have accumulated copious amounts of very important data, unveiling previously unknown information about large marine animals. Temporal, seasonal and spatial distribution patterns have been uncovered for many marine species. There have been many discoveries, new understandings and insights into how these animals live in and utilize the ocean and the importance of acoustics in their lives. Listening Within the Ocean summarizes these important discoveries, providing both a valuable resource for researchers and enjoyable reading for non-professionals interested in marine life.

This book, the first English-language translation of Acoustique des instruments de musique, Second Edition, presents the necessary foundations for understanding the complex physical phenomena involved in musical instruments. What is the function of the labium in a flute? Which features of an instrument allow us to make a clear audible distinction between a clarinet and a trumpet? With the help of numerous examples, these questions are addressed in detail. The authors focus in particular on the significant results obtained in the field during the last fifteen years. Their goal is to show that elementary physical models can be used with benefit for various applications in sound synthesis, instrument making, and sound recording. The book is primarily addressed to graduate students and researchers; however it could also be of interest for engineers, musicians, craftsmen, and music lovers who wish to learn about the basics of musical acoustics.

Market: Ocean dynamicists and acousticians. "Useful to scientists or students interested in ocean dynamical modelling, acoustic propagation modelling, and particularly to those interested in the union of these fields (which is likely to be become increasingly important)." Revue de livre With complete chapters contributed by leading authorities, this work offers a comprehensive overview of current combined research in acoustics and oceanography. Following an introduction on ocean variability, acoustic propagation, and coupled models, subsequent chapters present up-to-date coverage of the developing relationship between ocean science and ocean acoustics, including an extensive review of state-of-the-art three-dimensional models.

"Signals, Sound, and Sensation is of great importance to the hearing science community... If I were to give an advanced course, this is precisely the book I would recommend." (W. Dixon Ward, University of Minnesota) This is a unique book on the mathematics of signals written for hearing-science researchers. Designed to follow an introductory text on psychoacoustics, Signals, Sound, and Sensation takes the reader through the mathematics of signal processing from its beginnings in the Fourier transform to advanced topics in modulation, dispersion relations, minimum phase systems, sampled data, and nonlinear distortion. While the book is organized like an introductory engineering text on signals, the examples and exercises come from research on the perception of sound. A unique feature of the book is the consistent application of the Fourier transform, which unifies topics as diverse as cochlear filtering and digital recording. More than 250 exercises are included. Many of them are devoted to practical research in perception, while others explore surprising auditory illusions generated by special signals. A working knowledge of elementary calculus is the only prerequisite. Signals, Sound, and Sensation will help readers acquire the quantitative skills they need to solve signal problems that arise in their everyday work. Periodic signals, aperiodic signals, and noise - along with their linear and nonlinear transformations - are covered in detail. More advanced mathematical topics are treated in the appendices. In no other book are signal mathematics and psychoacoustics so neatly intertwined. Researchers and advanced students in the psychology of auditory perception will find this book indispensable.

Market: Applied acousticians and microphone users such as engineers, scientists, and technicians. The first single-volume reference to offer complete, up-to-date coverage of the wide-ranging topics related to condenser microphone calibration. Featuring contributions by prominent acousticians, this book provides easy-to-follow calibration methods and step-by-step procedures for operating the various measuring instruments and acoustic devices discussed. It also includes a history of the development of condenser microphones, material never before published.

Market: Those interested in speech, especially speech production, and graduate students studying the anatomy and physiology of speech. Katherine Safford Harris is known throughout the speech research community for her contributions to our understanding of speech behaviors and her leadership at Haskins Laboratories. Her research has shown how the study of speech disorders can provide a window through which we can observe normal behaviors and learn much about the control systems of speech production. In recognition of this work, each section of this book contains chapters on normal speech production as well as speech disorders. These original contributed chapters cover a wide range of subjects, including respiratory patterns in normal speech, speech breathing processes in hearing-impaired persons, laryngeal adductory behaviors, spasmodic dysphonia, tongue shaping and vowel articulation, speech production in children with cochlear implants, and more.