Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics – serie

The concept of higher order derivatives is useful in many branches of mathematics and its applications. As they are useful in many places, nth order derivatives are often defined directly. Higher Order Derivatives discusses these derivatives, their uses, and the relations among them. It covers higher order generalized derivatives, including the Peano, d.l.V.P., and Abel derivatives; along with the symmetric and unsymmetric Riemann, Cesàro, Borel, LP-, and Laplace derivatives.Although much work has been done on the Peano and de la Vallée Poussin derivatives, there is a large amount of work to be done on the other higher order derivatives as their properties remain often virtually unexplored. This book introduces newcomers interested in the field of higher order derivatives to the present state of knowledge. Basic advanced real analysis is the only required background, and, although the special Denjoy integral has been used, knowledge of the Lebesgue integral should suffice.

Difference Methods for Singular Perturbation Problems focuses on the development of robust difference schemes for wide classes of boundary value problems. It justifies the ε-uniform convergence of these schemes and surveys the latest approaches important for further progress in numerical methods.The first part of the book explores boundary value problems for elliptic and parabolic reaction-diffusion and convection-diffusion equations in n-dimensional domains with smooth and piecewise-smooth boundaries. The authors develop a technique for constructing and justifying ε uniformly convergent difference schemes for boundary value problems with fewer restrictions on the problem data. Containing information published mainly in the last four years, the second section focuses on problems with boundary layers and additional singularities generated by nonsmooth data, unboundedness of the domain, and the perturbation vector parameter. This part also studies both the solution and its derivatives with errors that are independent of the perturbation parameters. Co-authored by the creator of the Shishkin mesh, this book presents a systematic, detailed development of approaches to construct ε uniformly convergent finite difference schemes for broad classes of singularly perturbed boundary value problems.

Providing a basic tool for studying nonlinear problems, Spectral Theory for Random and Nonautonomous Parabolic Equations and Applications focuses on the principal spectral theory for general time-dependent and random parabolic equations and systems. The text contains many new results and considers existing results from a fresh perspective.Taking a clear, unified, and self-contained approach, the authors first develop the abstract general theory in the framework of weak solutions, before turning to cases of random and nonautonomous equations. They prove that time dependence and randomness do not reduce the principal spectrum and Lyapunov exponents of nonautonomous and random parabolic equations. The book also addresses classical Faber–Krahn inequalities for elliptic and time-periodic problems and extends the linear theory for scalar nonautonomous and random parabolic equations to cooperative systems. The final chapter presents applications to Kolmogorov systems of parabolic equations. By thoroughly explaining the spectral theory for nonautonomous and random linear parabolic equations, this resource reveals the importance of the theory in examining nonlinear problems.

Geometric ideas and techniques play an important role in operator theory and the theory of operator algebras. Smooth Homogeneous Structures in Operator Theory builds the background needed to understand this circle of ideas and reports on recent developments in this fruitful field of research.Requiring only a moderate familiarity with functional analysis and general topology, the author begins with an introduction to infinite dimensional Lie theory with emphasis on the relationship between Lie groups and Lie algebras. A detailed examination of smooth homogeneous spaces follows. This study is illustrated by familiar examples from operator theory and develops methods that allow endowing such spaces with structures of complex manifolds. The final section of the book explores equivariant monotone operators and Kähler structures. It examines certain symmetry properties of abstract reproducing kernels and arrives at a very general version of the construction of restricted Grassmann manifolds from the theory of loop groups.The author provides complete arguments for nearly every result. An extensive list of references and bibliographic notes provide a clear picture of the applicability of geometric methods in functional analysis, and the open questions presented throughout the text highlight interesting new research opportunities.Daniel Beltitâ is a Principal Researcher at the Institute of Mathematics "Simion Stoilow" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.

Stochastic differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces are motivated by the theory and analysis of stochastic processes and by applications such as stochastic control, population biology, and turbulence, where the analysis and control of such systems involves investigating their stability. While the theory of such equations is well established, the study of their stability properties has grown rapidly only in the past 20 years, and most results have remained scattered in journals and conference proceedings.This book offers a systematic presentation of the modern theory of the stability of stochastic differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces - particularly Hilbert spaces. The treatment includes a review of basic concepts and investigation of the stability theory of linear and nonlinear stochastic differential equations and stochastic functional differential equations in infinite dimensions. The final chapter explores topics and applications such as stochastic optimal control and feedback stabilization, stochastic reaction-diffusion, Navier-Stokes equations, and stochastic population dynamics.In recent years, this area of study has become the focus of increasing attention, and the relevant literature has expanded greatly. Stability of Infinite Dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations with Applications makes up-to-date material in this important field accessible even to newcomers and lays the foundation for future advances.

Understanding the causes and effects of explosions is important to experts in a broad range of disciplines, including the military, industrial and environmental research, aeronautic engineering, and applied mathematics.Offering an introductory review of historic research, Shock Waves and Explosions brings analytic and computational methods to a wide audience in a clear and thorough way. Beginning with an overview of the research on combustion and gas dynamics in the 1970s and 1980s, the author brings you up to date by covering modeling techniques and asymptotic and perturbative methods and ending with a chapter on computational methods.Most of the book deals with the mathematical analysis of explosions, but computational results are also included wherever they are available. Historical perspectives are provided on the advent of nonlinear science, as well as on the mathematical study of the blast wave phenomenon, both when visualized as a point explosion and when simulated as the expansion of a high-pressure gas.This volume clearly reveals the ingenuity of the human mind to conceptualize, model, and mathematically analyze highly complicated nonlinear phenomena such as nuclear explosions. It presents a solid foundation of knowledge that encourages further research and original ideas.

Fundamental to the study of any mathematical structure is an understanding of its symmetries. In the class of Banach spaces, this leads naturally to a study of isometries-the linear transformations that preserve distances. In his foundational treatise, Banach showed that every linear isometry on the space of continuous functions on a compact metric space must transform a continuous function x into a continuous function y satisfying y(t) = h(t)x(p(t)), where p is a homeomorphism and |h| is identically one.Isometries on Banach Spaces: Function Spaces is the first of two planned volumes that survey investigations of Banach-space isometries. This volume emphasizes the characterization of isometries and focuses on establishing the type of explicit, canonical form given above in a variety of settings. After an introductory discussion of isometries in general, four chapters are devoted to describing the isometries on classical function spaces. The final chapter explores isometries on Banach algebras.This treatment provides a clear account of historically important results, exposes the principal methods of attack, and includes some results that are more recent and some that are lesser known. Unique in its focus, this book will prove useful for experts as well as beginners in the field and for those who simply want to acquaint themselves with this area of Banach space theory.

Models for the mechanical behavior of porous media introduced more than 50 years ago are still relied upon today, but more recent work shows that, in some cases, they may violate the laws of thermodynamics. In The Thermophysics of Porous Media, the author shows that physical consistency requires a unique description of dynamic processes that involve porous media, and that new dynamic variables-porosity, saturation, and megascale concentration-naturally enter into the large-scale description of porous media. The new degrees of freedom revealed in this study predict new dynamic processes that are not associated with compressional motions.The book details the construction of a Lorentz invariant thermodynamic lattice gas model and shows how the associated nonrelativistic, Galilean invariant model can be used to describe flow in porous media. The author develops the equations of seismic wave propagation in porous media, the associated boundary conditions, and surface waves. He also constructs the equations for both immiscible and miscible flows in porous media and their related instability problems.The implications of the physical theory presented in this book are significant, particularly in applications in geophysics and the petroleum industry. The Thermophysics of Porous Media offers a unique opportunity to examine the dynamic role that porosity plays in porous materials.

Interfacial phenomena driven by heat or mass transfer are widespread in science and various branches of engineering. Research in this area has become quite active in recent years, attributable in part, at least, to the entry of physicists and their sophisticated experimental techniques into the field. Until now, however, the field has lacked a readable account of the recent developments.Interfacial Phenomena and Convection remedies this problem by furnishing a self-contained monograph that examines a rich variety of phenomena in which interfaces pay a crucial role. From a unified perspective that embraces physical chemistry, fluid mechanics, and applied mathematics, the authors study recent developments related to the Marangoni effect, including patterned convection and instabilities, oscillatory/wavy phenomena, and turbulent phenomena. They examine Bénard layers subjected to transverse and longitudinal thermal gradients and phenomena involving surface tension gradients as the driving forces, including falling films, drops, and liquid bridges.It is only in the past two or three decades that researchers have performed suitable, clear-cut experiments involving interfacial phenomena, and the stage is now set for a virtual explosion of the field. Interfacial Phenomena and Convection will bring you quickly up to date on the advances realized and prepare you to both use the results and to make further advances.

Inverse boundary problems are a rapidly developing area of applied mathematics with applications throughout physics and the engineering sciences. However, the mathematical theory of inverse problems remains incomplete and needs further development to aid in the solution of many important practical problems.Inverse Boundary Spectral Problems develop a rigorous theory for solving several types of inverse problems exactly. In it, the authors consider the following:"Can the unknown coefficients of an elliptic partial differential equation be determined from the eigenvalues and the boundary values of the eigenfunctions?"Along with this problem, many inverse problems for heat and wave equations are solved.The authors approach inverse problems in a coordinate invariant way, that is, by applying ideas drawn from differential geometry. To solve them, they apply methods of Riemannian geometry, modern control theory, and the theory of localized wave packets, also known as Gaussian beams. The treatment includes the relevant background of each of these areas.Although the theory of inverse boundary spectral problems has been in development for at least 10 years, until now the literature has been scattered throughout various journals. This self-contained monograph summarizes the relevant concepts and the techniques useful for dealing with them.

This important new book sets forth a comprehensive description of various mathematical aspects of problems originating in numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations. The authors present the material in the context of the important mechanical applications of such systems, including the Euler equations of gas dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), shallow water, and solid dynamics equations. This treatment provides-for the first time in book form-a collection of recipes for applying higher-order non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes to MHD modelling of physical phenomena.The authors also address a number of original "nonclassical" problems, such as shock wave propagation in rods and composite materials, ionization fronts in plasma, and electromagnetic shock waves in magnets. They show that if a small-scale, higher-order mathematical model results in oscillations of the discontinuity structure, the variety of admissible discontinuities can exhibit disperse behavior, including some with additional boundary conditions that do not follow from the hyperbolic conservation laws. Nonclassical problems are accompanied by a multiple nonuniqueness of solutions. The authors formulate several selection rules, which in some cases easily allow a correct, physically realizable choice.This work systematizes methods for overcoming the difficulties inherent in the solution of hyperbolic systems. Its unique focus on applications, both traditional and new, makes Mathematical Aspects of Numerical Solution of Hyperbolic Systems particularly valuable not only to those interested the development of numerical methods, but to physicists and engineers who strive to solve increasingly complicated nonlinear equations.

Following Witten's remarkable discovery of the quantum mechanical scheme in which all the salient features of supersymmetry are embedded, SCQM (supersymmetric classical and quantum mechanics) has become a separate area of research . In recent years, progress in this field has been dramatic and the literature continues to grow. Until now, no book has offered an overview of the subject with enough detail to allow readers to become rapidly familiar with its key ideas and methods.Supersymmetry in Classical and Quantum Mechanics offers that overview and summarizes the major developments of the last 15 years. It provides both an up-to-date review of the literature and a detailed exposition of the underlying SCQM principles. For those just beginning in the field, the author presents step-by-step details of most of the computations. For more experienced readers, the treatment includes systematic analyses of more advanced topics, such as quasi- and conditional solvability and the role of supersymmetry in nonlinear systems.

Extremality results proved in this Monograph for an abstract operator equation provide the theoretical framework for developing new methods that allow the treatment of a variety of discontinuous initial and boundary value problems for both ordinary and partial differential equations, in explicit and implicit forms. By means of these extremality results, the authors prove the existence of extremal solutions between appropriate upper and lower solutions of first and second order discontinuous implicit and explicit ordinary and functional differential equations. They then study the dependence of these extremal solutions on the data.The authors begin by developing an existence theory for an abstract operator equation in ordered spaces and offer new tools for dealing with different kinds of discontinuous implicit and explicit differential equation problems. They present a unified approach to the existence of extremal solutions of quasilinear elliptic and parabolic problems and extend the upper and lower solution method to elliptic and parabolic inclusion of hemivariation type using variational and nonvariational methods.Nonlinear Differential Equations in Ordered Spaces includes research that appears for the first time in book form and is designed as a source book for pure and applied mathematicians. Its self-contained presentation along with numerous worked examples and complete, detailed proofs also make it accessible to researchers in engineering as well as advanced students in these fields.

Hamiltonian fluid dynamics and stability theory work hand-in-hand in a variety of engineering, physics, and physical science fields. Until now, however, no single reference addressed and provided background in both of these closely linked subjects. Introduction to Hamiltonian Fluid Dynamics and Stability Theory does just that-offers a comprehensive introduction to Hamiltonian fluid dynamics and describes aspects of hydrodynamic stability theory within the context of the Hamiltonian formalism.The author uses the example of the nonlinear pendulum-giving a thorough linear and nonlinear stability analysis of its equilibrium solutions-to introduce many of the ideas associated with the mathematical argument required in infinite dimensional Hamiltonian theory needed for fluid mechanics. He examines Andrews' Theorem, derives and develops the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima (CMH) equation, presents an account of the Hamiltonian structure of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, and discusses the stability theory associated with the KdV soliton.The book's tutorial approach and plentiful exercises combine with its thorough presentations of both subjects to make Introduction to Hamiltonian Fluid Dynamics and Stability Theory an ideal reference, self-study text, and upper level course book.

This monograph has two main purposes, first to act as a companion volume to more advanced texts by gathering together the principal mathematical topics commonly used in developing scattering theories and, in so doing, provide a reasonable, self-contained introduction to linear and nonlinear scattering theory for those who might wish to begin working in the area. Secondly, to indicate how these various aspects might be applied to problems in mathematical physics and the applied sciences. Of particular interest will be the influence of boundary conditions.

Complex analytical methods are a powerful tool for special partial differential equations and systems. To make these methods applicable for a wider class, transformations and transmutations are used.

Impulsive differential equations have been the subject of intense investigation in the last 10-20 years, due to the wide possibilities for their application in numerous fields of science and technology. This new work presents a systematic exposition of the results solving all of the more important problems in this field.

Presents in a systematic and unified manner the ray method, in its various forms, for studying nonlinear wave propagation in situations of physical interest, essentially fluid dynamics and plasma physics.

This Monograph contains a collection of problems arising in partial differential equations investigated by means of complex analysis approached in elementary ways.

Although the theory behind solitary waves of strain shows that they hold significant promise in nondestructive testing and a variety of other applications, an enigma has long persisted-the absence of observable elastic solitary waves in practice. Inspired by this apparent contradiction, Strain Solitons in Solids and How to Construct Them refines the existing theory, explores how to construct a powerful deformation pulse in a waveguide without plastic flow or fracture, and proposes a direct method of strain soliton generation, detection, and observation.The author focuses on the theory, simulation, generation, and propagation of strain solitary waves in a nonlinearly elastic, straight cylindrical rod under finite deformations. He introduces the general theory of wave propagation in nonlinearly elastic solids and shows, from first principles, how its main ideas can lead to successful experiments. In doing so, he develops a new approach to solving the corresponding doubly dispersive equation (DDE) with dissipative terms, leading to new explicit and exact solutions. He also shows that the method is applicable to a variety of nonlinear problems.First discovered in virtual reality, nonlinear waves and solitons in solids are finally moving into the genuine reality of physics, mechanics, and engineering. Strain Solitons in Solids and How to Construct Them shows how to balance the mathematics of the problem with the application of the results to experiments and ultimately to generating and observing solitons in solids.

Presents in a systematic and unified manner the ray method, in its various forms, for studying nonlinear wave propagation in situations of physical interest, essentially fluid dynamics and plasma physics.

Complex analytical methods are a powerful tool for special partial differential equations and systems. To make these methods applicable for a wider class, transformations and transmutations are used.

This monograph has two main purposes, first to act as a companion volume to more advanced texts by gathering together the principal mathematical topics commonly used in developing scattering theories and, in so doing, provide a reasonable, self-contained introduction to linear and nonlinear scattering theory for those who might wish to begin working in the area. Secondly, to indicate how these various aspects might be applied to problems in mathematical physics and the applied sciences. Of particular interest will be the influence of boundary conditions.

This Monograph contains a collection of problems arising in partial differential equations investigated by means of complex analysis approached in elementary ways.

This book provides a systematic exposition of the results related to periodic solutions of impulsive differential equations and illustrates the potential for their application by a large number of concrete mathematical models.

A survey of some problems of current interest in the realm of classical nonlinear electromagnetic theory.

The precise mathematical investigation of various natural phenomena is an old and difficult problem. This book is the first to deal systematically with the general non-selfadjoint problems in mechanics and physics. It deals mainly with bounded domains with smooth boundaries, but also considers elliptic boundary value problems in tube domains, i.e. in non-smooth domains. This volume will be of particular value to those working in differential equations, functional analysis, and equations of mathematical physics.

The Riemann problem is the most fundamental problem in the entire field of non-linear hyperbolic conservation laws. Since first posed and solved in 1860, great progress has been achieved in the one-dimensional case. However, the two-dimensional case is substantially different. Although research interest in it has lasted more than a century, it has yielded almost no analytical demonstration. It remains a great challenge for mathematicians.This volume presents work on the two-dimensional Riemann problem carried out over the last 20 years by a Chinese group. The authors explore four models: scalar conservation laws, compressible Euler equations, zero-pressure gas dynamics, and pressure-gradient equations. They use the method of generalized characteristic analysis plus numerical experiments to demonstrate the elementary field interaction patterns of shocks, rarefaction waves, and slip lines. They also discover a most interesting feature for zero-pressure gas dynamics: a new kind of elementary wave appearing in the interaction of slip lines-a weighted Dirac delta shock of the density function.The Two-Dimensional Riemann Problem in Gas Dynamics establishes the rigorous mathematical theory of delta-shocks and Mach reflection-like patterns for zero-pressure gas dynamics, clarifies the boundaries of interaction of elementary waves, demonstrates the interesting spatial interaction of slip lines, and proposes a series of open problems. With applications ranging from engineering to astrophysics, and as the first book to examine the two-dimensional Riemann problem, this volume will prove fascinating to mathematicians and hold great interest for physicists and engineers.

A theory of generalized Cauchy-Riemann systems with polar singularities of order not less than one is presented and its application to study of infinitesimal bending of surfaces having positive curvature and an isolated flat point is given. The book contains results of investigations obtained by the author and his collaborators.