Mycota – serie

This volume provides a detailed look at various biochemical and developmental aspects of fungal cell biology, and offers extensive information on model organisms of filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus, and yeasts, such as Saccharomyces, while also highlighting molecular differences between ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.The book’s seven chapters, prepared by experts in the fields of mycology, have been grouped into two closely connected sections: “Fungal Cell Growth” and “Signals and Development”. The first section addresses bio-molecular mechanisms of fungal cell division and polarized cell growth, with a special emphasis on cell-cell connections, cell wall synthesis, and directed protein transport. In turn, the second section describes the intra- and extracellular signals that set off biochemical and conformational changes of cell type during development. Here, the authors focus on the molecular signalling pathways, including their impact on plant-fungusinteractions, referred to as ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for all microbiologists, geneticists, cell biologists, biochemists and plant biologists, as well as advanced students of biology, who share an interest in the field of mycology.

At the same time, the relevance of fungi is unbroken, both due to the serious threats to human health and welfare posed by fungal pests and pathogens, and to the many benefits that fungal biotechnology can offer for diverse emerging markets and processes that form the basis of the modern bioeconomy.

At the same time, the relevance of fungi is unbroken, both due to the serious threats to human health and welfare posed by fungal pests and pathogens, and to the many benefits that fungal biotechnology can offer for diverse emerging markets and processes that form the basis of the modern bioeconomy.

This fully revised 3rd edition provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of fungi associated with plants. Since the publication of the 2nd Edition in 2009, tremendous new knowledge has been gained in the field of fungal-plant interactions, which is reflected in the contributions of this book. World-leading scientists in the field provide authoritative insights into fungal-plant interactions covering the following main topics:Mutualistic and pathogenic fungal-plant interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystemsSensing and signalling in fungus-plant interactionsRegulation of fungal gene expression and developmentFungal genomes and evolutionGlobal pandemics caused by fungal pathogens and their implications for food securityThis volume will be of great interest to both specialists and generalists. It is an indispensable resource for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology, and plant sciences, as well as agriculture and biotechnology.

This fully revised 3rd edition provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of fungi associated with plants. Since the publication of the 2nd Edition in 2009, tremendous new knowledge has been gained in the field of fungal-plant interactions, which is reflected in the contributions of this book. World-leading scientists in the field provide authoritative insights into fungal-plant interactions covering the following main topics:Mutualistic and pathogenic fungal-plant interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystemsSensing and signalling in fungus-plant interactionsRegulation of fungal gene expression and developmentFungal genomes and evolutionGlobal pandemics caused by fungal pathogens and their implications for food securityThis volume will be of great interest to both specialists and generalists. It is an indispensable resource for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology, and plant sciences, as well as agriculture and biotechnology.

Sequence analyses of numerous fungal genomes over the past two decades have provided us with extensive insights into the phylogenetic relationships of fungi and the distribution of genes and their inferred functions, across the fungal kingdom.

Sequence analyses of numerous fungal genomes over the past two decades have provided us with extensive insights into the phylogenetic relationships of fungi and the distribution of genes and their inferred functions, across the fungal kingdom.

Fungi are associated with a wide variety of other organisms. Ecologist Peter Price has said, “mutualism facilitates adaptive radiation,” and many biologists attribute Earth’s great fungal diversity to such associations. The 3rd edition of The Mycota, Vol. 9: Fungal Associations, has been revised to provide entirely new coverage of fungi and associated organisms in fourteen informative discussions that take advantage of today’s large public databases and modern molecular and data analysis methods. The editors have a keen interest in fungal associations in their own research, and their perspectives from different generations have resulted in an interesting treatment of the subject. Fungal Associations includes updates of classic topics, but also introduces less frequently discussed associations and broader reflections on the nature of fungi and their associates.The volume begins with a look at more than abillion years of fungal evolution and associations through the lens of immunology.Can fungi involved in obligate symbioses be cultivated apart from the host? Genomes help to answer the question. The ultimate intimacy between fungi and certain unrelated organisms has resulted in DNA exchange that can be traced in extant genomes. Fungi and bacteria use volatile compounds to lure participants into interactions. Some viruses modify the phenotype of their fungal hosts and affect host fitness.  Details of interactions between classical examples of fungus—plant symbioses (lichens, several types of mycorrhizae, and toxic endophytes) benefit from advanced microscopic and molecular techniques.Discussions of fungi associated with insects (entomopathogens, a Drosophila model to study entomopathogens), nematode-trappingfungi and their prey, and a group of termite-associated fungi that produce secondary metabolites with potential uses as pharmaceuticals, complete the volume. Fungal Associations is a well-illustrated, thought-provoking resource for specialists and generalists, including researchers, lecturers, and students interested in ecology, evolution, microbiology, and mycology. The volume would be an excellent text for a seminar course for advanced undergraduate or graduate students.

Fungi are associated with a wide variety of other organisms. Ecologist Peter Price has said, “mutualism facilitates adaptive radiation,” and many biologists attribute Earth’s great fungal diversity to such associations. The 3rd edition of The Mycota, Vol. 9: Fungal Associations, has been revised to provide entirely new coverage of fungi and associated organisms in fourteen informative discussions that take advantage of today’s large public databases and modern molecular and data analysis methods. The editors have a keen interest in fungal associations in their own research, and their perspectives from different generations have resulted in an interesting treatment of the subject. Fungal Associations includes updates of classic topics, but also introduces less frequently discussed associations and broader reflections on the nature of fungi and their associates.The volume begins with a look at more than abillion years of fungal evolution and associations through the lens of immunology.Can fungi involved in obligate symbioses be cultivated apart from the host? Genomes help to answer the question. The ultimate intimacy between fungi and certain unrelated organisms has resulted in DNA exchange that can be traced in extant genomes. Fungi and bacteria use volatile compounds to lure participants into interactions. Some viruses modify the phenotype of their fungal hosts and affect host fitness.  Details of interactions between classical examples of fungus—plant symbioses (lichens, several types of mycorrhizae, and toxic endophytes) benefit from advanced microscopic and molecular techniques.Discussions of fungi associated with insects (entomopathogens, a Drosophila model to study entomopathogens), nematode-trappingfungi and their prey, and a group of termite-associated fungi that produce secondary metabolites with potential uses as pharmaceuticals, complete the volume. Fungal Associations is a well-illustrated, thought-provoking resource for specialists and generalists, including researchers, lecturers, and students interested in ecology, evolution, microbiology, and mycology. The volume would be an excellent text for a seminar course for advanced undergraduate or graduate students.

Estimates based on sequencing data suggest that there are around 5.1 million species of fungi. Yet only a small number of fungi are harmful to animals, including humans. In addition to host-pathogen interactions, there are also mutualistic interactions between fungi and animals. Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi range from allergic reactions and superficial infections to invasive mycoses, and have a significant impact on human and animal life. Fungi are also cultivated by animals as a food source in highly developed relationships or are even involved in gut mutualism.This 3rd edition of Volume 6 of The Mycota highlights exemplary interactions between fungal pathogens and their host(s). The book is organized in three parts:Part 1 summarizes our current understanding of important pathogenic fungi such as Candida species, Malassezia yeasts, Aspergillus fumigatus and fungi of the order Mucorales.Part 2 addresses the characterization of the host response towards pathogenic fungi. It focuses on RNA as a mediator of host-pathogen interactions, the human gut mycobiome, the role of the innate immune system in fighting infections, pattern recognition receptors involved in fungal infections, and a summary of established infection models for studying host-fungal-pathogen interactions.Part 3 provides insights into the impact transcriptomics and proteomics technologies have on the research of human-pathogenic fungi.The up-to-date reviews by experts in the field provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the various research topics in the field of human and animal relationships with fungi and will hopefully help researchers to find inspiration for their own research.

Estimates based on sequencing data suggest that there are around 5.1 million species of fungi. Yet only a small number of fungi are harmful to animals, including humans. In addition to host-pathogen interactions, there are also mutualistic interactions between fungi and animals. Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi range from allergic reactions and superficial infections to invasive mycoses, and have a significant impact on human and animal life. Fungi are also cultivated by animals as a food source in highly developed relationships or are even involved in gut mutualism.This 3rd edition of Volume 6 of The Mycota highlights exemplary interactions between fungal pathogens and their host(s). The book is organized in three parts:Part 1 summarizes our current understanding of important pathogenic fungi such as Candida species, Malassezia yeasts, Aspergillus fumigatus and fungi of the order Mucorales.Part 2 addresses the characterization of the host response towards pathogenic fungi. It focuses on RNA as a mediator of host-pathogen interactions, the human gut mycobiome, the role of the innate immune system in fighting infections, pattern recognition receptors involved in fungal infections, and a summary of established infection models for studying host-fungal-pathogen interactions.Part 3 provides insights into the impact transcriptomics and proteomics technologies have on the research of human-pathogenic fungi.The up-to-date reviews by experts in the field provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the various research topics in the field of human and animal relationships with fungi and will hopefully help researchers to find inspiration for their own research.

This fully revised 3rd edition of Fungal Genomics highlights the impact of genomics on the field of fungal biology in four sections:Part I Genome Sequences and Beyond: Examines the impact of genome-based information and techniques on research ranging from the discovery of giant transposons to the analysis of less-studied extremotolerant fungi as well as studies of three-dimensional chromatin organization in fungi.Part II Cell and Developmental Biology: Explores advances in high-throughput genetics/genomics and RNA editing in fungi, the role of codons in gene regulation, and the analysis of epigenetic regulation in early-diverging fungi.Part III Biotechnology: Covers the search for plant biomass-converting enzymes in fungal genomes and work with industrially important fungi.Part IV Interactions - Symbioses, Mutualisms, and Pathogens: Explains the genomic analysis of the emerging human pathogen Candida auris as well as genomic signatures in ectomycorrhizal fungi.This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the exciting field of fungal genomics.

It highlights the importance and potential of fungi in these fields.Several topics relate to the critical and ambiguous role of fungi in agriculture, including beneficial and pathogenic fungal-plant interactions and food spoilage caused by mycotoxins.

This book promotes green fungus-based cosmetics that are beneficial for human health and disease and offer a real alternative to chemical cosmetics.The book provides a comprehensive overview of various fungi that can be used to produce cosmetic products. The main topics covered are fungal/mushroom production, extraction of their medicinal products, formulation of cosmetics, and their usage. It highlights the beneficial functions of these cosmetics such as anti-ageing, antioxidant, anti-wrinkle effect, skin whitening, moisturising effect and anti-acne/dandruff effect. In addition to the various methods covered in each chapter, the book also contains an extensive bibliography listing the current literature in the field.Therefore, it is a valuable resource for researchers and entrepreneurs in the cosmetics industry and postgraduate students in cosmetic science. The book also provides amateurs in the personal care industry with limited experience in the field with knowledge of various methods to produce safe and healthy cosmetics.

Ten years after the previous edition of THE MYCOTA, Volume 1, we have generated a new edition! The fourth edition provides an updated overview of fungal growth, differentiation, and reproduction, emphasizing current breakthroughs in molecular, genetic, and cellular mechanisms. As in previous editions, the chapters are authored by leading scientists and are organized to reflect the dynamic continuum of fungal development from vegetative to reproductive processes.The first section explores core vegetative processes, including hyphal tip growth, septation, hyphal fusion, senescence, and the actin cytoskeleton, and broadens its scope with new insights into yeast colony differentiation. Decisions on fungal development are covered in a variety of chapters covering the STRIPAK complex, regulation by light or secondary metabolites and the intriguing behavior of predator yeasts. The subsequent section explores signaling pathways governing fungal development, featuring oxylipin-mediated communication and pheromone action across early-diverging fungal groups. Volume 1 further includes several chapters on sexual and asexual development in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes with dedicated chapters on Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Verticillium.This fourth edition once again captures the breadth and diversity of fungal life and provides reference for understanding fungal morphogenesis, differentiation and sexual development. We hope that students, researchers, and professionals alike will find this book both an inspiring introduction and a valuable reference to the fascinating world of fungal biology.

This new edition offersdetailed overviews coveringa wide area of fungal growth and reproduction on the mechanistic and molecularlevel. It includes 18 chapters by eminent scientists in the field and is – likethe previous edition – divided into the three sections: Vegetative Processes and Growth, Signals in Growth and Development, and Reproductive Processes. Major topics ofthe first section include dynamic intracellular processes, apical growth,hyphal fusion, and aging. The second section analyses autoregulatory signals,pheromone action, and photomorphogenesis and gravitropism abiotic signals. Thethird section reveals details of asexual and sexual development in variousfungal model systems, culminating in fruit body formation in basidiomycetes,which is a sector of growing economic potential.Since the publication of the first edition of this volume in 1994 and thesecond edition in 2006, the field of fungal biology has continued to expand thanksto improvements in omics technologies and the application of genetic tools toan increasing variety of fungal models. Several additional chapters by a newgeneration of fungal biologists discuss this diversity and guarantee livelyreading.

This new edition provides a comprehensive look at themolecular genetics and biochemical basis of fungal biology, covering importantmodel organisms such as Aspergilli while also integrating advances made with zygomycetes and basidiomycetes. This book groups a total of 15 chapters authored by expert scholars in theirrespective fields into four sections. Five chapters cover various aspects ofgene expression regulation. These range from regulation in organismalinteractions between parasitic fungi and their host plant, heavy metal stressand global control of natural product genes to conidiation and regulationthrough RNA interference. Two chapters are dedicated to signal transduction,highlighting MAP-kinase-dependent signaling and heterotrimeric G-proteins.Fungal carbohydrates are the subject of the third section, which addresses bothpolymeric cell wall carbohydrates and trehalose as an important, low molecularweight carbohydrate. The fourth section emphasizes the metabolism of majorelements (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur) and critical cellular pathways for primaryand secondary products.

This volumeprovides insights into current research on fungal populations, communities andtheir interactions with other organisms. It focuses on fungal responses to thephysical environment; interactions with bacteria, other fungi, invertebratesand plants; the role of fungi in ecosystem processes such as decomposition andnutrient cycling; and aspects of biogeography and conservation.Since thepublication of the second edition of Volume IV in 2007, the massive use of“omics” methods has revolutionized our understanding of fungal lifestyles.Highlighting these advances, the third edition has been completely updated andrevised. Several chapters deal with various applications of genomics andtranscriptomics in biological pest control, as well as interactions with otherliving systems. This is an invaluable source of information both for scientistswho wish to update their knowledge of current advances and for graduatestudents interested in obtaining a comprehensive introduction to this field ofresearch.

In the last few decades, DNA-based tools for the investigation of fungal taxonomy, signal transduction and regulation, differentiation processes and biosynthetic potential have accelerated advances in our understanding of the Mycota.

This new edition offersdetailed overviews coveringa wide area of fungal growth and reproduction on the mechanistic and molecularlevel. It includes 18 chapters by eminent scientists in the field and is – likethe previous edition – divided into the three sections: Vegetative Processes and Growth, Signals in Growth and Development, and Reproductive Processes. Major topics ofthe first section include dynamic intracellular processes, apical growth,hyphal fusion, and aging. The second section analyses autoregulatory signals,pheromone action, and photomorphogenesis and gravitropism abiotic signals. Thethird section reveals details of asexual and sexual development in variousfungal model systems, culminating in fruit body formation in basidiomycetes,which is a sector of growing economic potential.Since the publication of the first edition of this volume in 1994 and thesecond edition in 2006, the field of fungal biology has continued to expand thanksto improvements in omics technologies and the application of genetic tools toan increasing variety of fungal models. Several additional chapters by a newgeneration of fungal biologists discuss this diversity and guarantee livelyreading.

This new edition provides a comprehensive look at themolecular genetics and biochemical basis of fungal biology, covering importantmodel organisms such as Aspergilli while also integrating advances made with zygomycetes and basidiomycetes.

This volumeprovides insights into current research on fungal populations, communities andtheir interactions with other organisms.

In the last few decades, DNA-based tools for the investigation of fungal taxonomy, signal transduction and regulation, differentiation processes and biosynthetic potential have accelerated advances in our understanding of the Mycota.

Since the publication of the first edition of The Mycota Vol. V -- Plant Relationships in 1997, tremendous advances in fungal molecular biology and biochemistry have taken place; and both light and electron microscopical techniques have improved considerably. These new insights led to a better understanding of the relationships between fungi and plants; and a completely revised new edition of Plant Relationships could be produced, providing an up-to-date overview on mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. In 18 chapters internationally acknowledged authors present reviews on fungal lifestyles, mechanisms of their interactions with their host plants, signal perception and transduction, and plant defense responses directed against attack by fungal pathogens. Highlighting the recent developments in fungus--plant interactions, this volume is indispensable for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology and plant sciences, including plant pathology.

Since publication of the first edition of Volume I in 1994, the field of fungal biology has developed tremendously, mainly through the advancement of various molecular techniques and international fungal genome projects. To accommodate these developments, the second edition has been completely updated. Six chapters have been revised by former authors, others by newly recruited experts, and also novel subjects, emerged in more recent years, have been added to the book.Leading scientists in the field have compiled comprehensive overviews as well as latest results obtained from cytological, genetic and molecular studies. Topics include: cellular and colony growth of fungi, cellular fusion and incompatibility, senescence and programmed cell death, environmental and physiological signalling in differentiation processes, asexual and sexual reproduction, mitosis and meiosis of various types of fungi. Both parallels and differences become visible between individual fungi as well as between fungal classes.

Provided here are both reviews and recent results of studies with medically important fungi. Throughout the volume, outstanding mycologists treat the ecological role of pathogenic fungi, how they cause disease, their interactions with the immune system, and their responses to antifungal agents. Most of the presented results are based on molecular biological approaches: areas where classical and descriptive methods are applied are also included.

Biochemistry and molecular biology are among the most rapidly emerging areas in the life sciences. Indeed, a number of important advances have been made with fungi and yeasts since the first edition of this volume was published in 1996. Still further, the influence that genomics projects have had on the design and interpretation of experiments in almost all areas is truly impressive. The availability of large amounts of sequence data has quickly altered the scope and dimensions of genetics and biochemistry, leading to new insights into fungal biology.Earlier chapters on mitochondrial import of proteins, pH and regulation of gene expression, stress responses, signal transduction, polysaccharidases, trehalose metabolisms, polyamines, carbon metabolism, and acetamide metabolism have been extensively revised or rewritten. Completely new chapters have been prepared on gene ontogeny, peroxisomes, mitochondrial gene expression, chitin biosynthesis, iron metabolism, GATA transcription factors, carbon metabolism, and sulfur metabolism.

Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a descr- tive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for sel?ncompatib- ity, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type speci?cities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgeff, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genetics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for biochemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa,led to theone gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958.Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.

This volume gives a survey of the state of the art in the traditional fields of industrial mycology as well as of selected novel applications of fungi. The first section deals with the use of fungi in the production and processing of bread, cheese, beer and wine, traditional Asian fermentation products and edible mushrooms. The second section is devoted to the production of fungal metabolites and enzymes representing value-added products. In addition to antibiotics, alkaloids organic acids, vitamins and industrial enzymes, which have successfully been in use for decades, it is also dedicated to fungal metabolites, such as insecticidal and nematicidal compounds, immunosurppressants and flavors with promising biotechnological potential. In the next section, the recent developments in fungal biotransformation of small molecules, the bioconversion of lignocelluloses as well as the use of fungi in metal recovery are presented. The final part introduces some innovative new trends in the field of applied mycology: the preparation of fungal bioherbicides, recent genomic approaches for the identification of biopolymer degrading enzymes, current developments in using oxidative enzymes from fungi as well as new attempts to transfer fungal remediation technologies into practice.