Oxford Series on Synchrotron Radiation – serie

In recent years technological advances in synchrotron and neutron sources, detectors, and computer hardware and software have allowed diffraction techniques to advance to a stage where data can be collected on a system with time. In this book for the first time reviews and research articles are brought together covering the three branches of time-resolved diffraction X-ray, electron and neutron field, each being allocated a separate section of the book. Time-Resolved Diffraction covers all forms of matter (i.e. gases, liquids, amorphous solids, fibres and crystals) and does so within a multidisciplinary framework which takes in examples from molecular biology and chemistry, as well as techniques from physics and materials science. The time range of data collection covers ten orders, from the sub-pico domain at the quickest, to the kilosecond at the slowest. Research scientists and postgraduates will find this book most useful as it is the only work available to provide an exposition of all areas of this developing field.

With the development of potent x-ray sources at many synchrotron laboratories worldwide, Compton scattering has become a standard tool for studying electron densities in materials. This book provides condensed matter and materials physicists with an authoritative, up-to-date, and very accessible account of the Compton scattering method, leading to a fundamental understanding of the electrical and magnetic properties of solid materials. The spectrum of Compton scattered x-rays is particularly sensitive to this behaviour and thus can be used as a direct probe and to test the predictions of theory. The current generation of synchrotron facilities allows this method to be readily exploited to study the ground state electron density in both elements and in complex compounds. It is important that those working in related fields, as well as the increasing number directly using the Compton method, have a comprehensive assessment of what is now possible and how to achieve it, in addition to a full understanding of its theoretical basis. This monograph is unique and timely, since little of what is described, was practicable a decade ago. The development of synchrotron radiation facilities has ensured that the technique described here will remain a powerful probe of electron charge and spin density for many years to come.

Synchrotron radiation sources are now used routinely by thousands of research scientists and engineers throughout the world to perform experiments in biology, physics, materials science, chemistry and so on. The very best of these sources are based upon the use of undulator and wiggler insertion devices that can enhance the intensity of the radiation by many orders of magnitude. This book, which is part of the Oxford Series on Synchrotron Radiation, brings together both a detailed step by step description of the radiation properties from these devices as well as an explanation of the practical realisation of actual devices using available magnet technologies. The book is aimed at not just the users but also the providers of synchrotron radiation. It takes the reader through the fundamental issues, and provides sufficient depth so as to be an indispensible reference to light source designers, accelerator physicists and insertion device specialists. The approach taken is to provide the reader with all of the essential information and to back this up with practical examples and illustrations wherever possible.

Knowledge of the dynamics of many-electron systems is of fundamental importance to all disciplines of condensed matter physics. A very effective access to electron dynamics is offered by inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) spectroscopy. The double differential scattering cross section for IXS is directly related to the time-dependent two-particle density correlation function, and, for large momentum and energy transfer (Compton limit) to the electron momentum distribution. Moreover, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) enables the study of electron dynamics via electronic excitations in a very selective manner (e.g. selectively spin, crystal momentum, or symmetry), so that other methods are efficaciously complemented. The progress of IXS spectroscopy is intimately related to the growing range of applications of synchrotron radiation. The aim of the book is to provide the growing community of researchers with accounts of experimental methods, instrumentation, and data analysis of IXS, with representative examples of successful applications, and with the theoretical framework for interpretations of the measurements.

This is the first book devoted to the use of X-ray beam techniques to study magnetic properties of materials. It covers both experimental and theoretical issues. The three main topics are dichroism, elastic scattering (both non-resonant and resonant diffraction) and spectroscopy. In the past decade there has been an expansion of activity in the field, driven by the availability of intense, tuneable and highly polarized X-ray beams from synchrtron facilities. The pace of events is likely to continue with the start of new (3rd generation) facilities, including the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, and the Advanced Light Source, Argonne National Laboratory. USA.

This book gives a thorough treatment of the rapidly-expanding field of coherent x-ray optics, which has recently experienced something of a renaissance with the availability of third-generation synchrotron sources. It is the first book of its kind. The author begins with a treatment of the fundamentals of x-ray diffraction for both coherent and partially coherent radiation, together with the interactions of x-rays with matter. X-ray sources, optics elements and detectors are then discussed, with an emphasis on their role in coherent x-ray optics. Various facets of coherent x-ray imaging are then discussed, including holography, interferometry, self imaging, phase contrast and phase retrieval. Lastly, the foundations of the new field of singular x-ray optics are examined. Most topics are developed from first principles, with numerous references given to the contemporary research literature. This book will be useful to x-ray physicists and students, together with optical physicists and engineers who wish to learn more about the fascinating subject of coherent x-ray optics.

This book introduces in a thorough and self-contained way the production of electromagnetic radiation by high energy electron storage rings. This radiation, which is called synchroton radiation, has become a research tool of wide application. Physicists, chemists, biologists, geologists, engineers, material scientists, and other scientific disciplines use it as a structural probe for the study of surfaces, bulk material, crystals, and viruses. Solids, liquids and gases can be spectroscopically analysed by using synchroton radiation. This book brings together for the first time the properties as well as the means of production of synchroton radiation and presents them in a coherent and clear way. It will be an indispensable reference for all those involved in modern synchroton radiation experiments.