IOP Series in Advances in Optics, Photonics and Optoelectronics – serie

Elliptical Mirrors: Applications in microscopy discusses theimportance of the elliptical mirror; the third solution after parabolicreflectors and lenses for which apodization factors were established in 1921and 1959 respectively. This detailed and highly insightful book will be animportant reference in a growing subject area that will benefit PhD students,optical physicists, metrologists and researchers.

This bookpresents singular optics in a gradual and systematic manner and bridges the gapbetween a seasoned researcher and a student who aims to pursue research in thistopic. The book includes illustrations, examples and references that willenable the reader to conceive their own ideas as they discover more aboutsingular optics.

Ultrasound-mediated imaging in scattering media has deep roots in condensed matter physics. This book explores these roots and provides a comprehensive review of imaging with light and ultrasound, focusing mainly on recovery of mechanical contrasts. It is suitable reference material for graduate students and practitioners in the field.

Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things have changed the digital landscape, providing many new and exciting opportunities. However, they also provide ever-shifting gateways for information theft or misuse. Staying ahead requires the development of innovative and responsive security measures, and recent advances in optical technology have positioned it as a promising alternative to digital cryptography. Optical Cryptosystems introduces the subject of optical cryptography and provides up-to-date coverage of optical security schemes. Optical principles, approaches, and algorithms are discussed as well as applications, including image/data encryption-decryption, watermarking, image/data hiding, and authentication verification. This book also includes MATLAB® codes, enabling students and research professionals to carry out exercises and develop newer methods of image/data security and authentication.

Orbital Angular Momentum States of Light provides an in-depth introduction to modelling of long-range propagation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes as well as more general structured light beams through atmospheric turbulence. Starting with angular spectrum method for diffraction and description of structured light states, the book discusses the technical details related to wave propagation through atmospheric turbulence. The review of historical as well as more recent ideas in this topical area, along with computer simulation codes, makes this book a useful reference to researchers and optical engineers interested in developing and testing of free-space applications of OAM states of light.

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Many single photon detection systems are based on the technology of superconducting nanowires. But despite their high detection efficiency, the need of cooling them to cryogenic temperatures prohibits their widespread usage. This book shows the progress of integrated (thick) CMOS SPADs towards high photon detection probabilities and applications such as in low-cost consumer data communication and high-end single-photon counting for quantum applications. Newest research results are introduced and comprehensively detailed.

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1. The topic is covered from basics to applications.

2. The properties of discrete SPADs and of integrated SPADs are compared in compact form.

3. Dedicated circuits to exploit discrete and integrated SPADs are introduced and explained in detail.

4. Microelectronics and optoelectronics are combined in an easily understandable way.

5. Numerous elaborate illustrations and tables facilitate and enhance comprehension.

This book provides information on various pulse compression techniques in the aspect of theoretical modelling as well as experiment which helps the reader to acquire a knowledge on the basic concepts of pulse compression. It fills a noticeable gap in the field and helps readers understand compression techniques and their physical mechanism through optical fiber.

Students, researchers, and scientists in photonics and nonlinear fiber optics all make up the target audience for this book.

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This book studies the application of quantum mechanics to some of the most current and notable concepts in the area, such as quantum optics, cryptography, teleportation, and computing. Written as a complete and comprehensive course text, this book works through mathematically rigorous material using a clear and practical approach that facilitates student engagement, and highlights the fundamental principles of quantum physics used to develop quantum computing. Emphasising the mathematical and theoretical treatments appropriate for undergraduate and postgraduate students, this book offers a simple step by step explanation of Quantum Computing and Quantum Optics, appropriate for courses in those subjects, their students, and engineers.

Key Features:

Provides an introductory guide to quantum optics and quantum computation

Includes worked examples and illustrations throughout

Presents diagrammatic representations

End-of-chapter problems included

Highlights data and essential concepts with reference materials for further reading

Full Field Optical Metrology methods and techniques have been in existence since the first interferometry experiments by Thomas Young in the 19th Century. This book introduces non-contact optical techniques based on the speckle effect in more detail. It also covers surface metrology and explores other characteristics related to the surface, such as strain, stress, vibration, contouring, and its x, y, and z displacements (coupled as vectors in 2D and 3D). In addition, the book presents modern methods for phase retrieval, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the moiré method.

The book considers theoretical fundamentals and explores a number of applications for full-field optical metrology that are known to be widely used in many areas of interest such as biomedicine, quality control, remote sensing and probing, and manufacturing design.

Scientists and Engineers looking for a reference book giving detailed work on methods/techniques in full-field speckle-based metrology are the key audiences for this text.

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This book covers recent technological developments and advanced aspects of optical transmission techniques, focusing on the fundamental mechanics relevant to radiofrequency and optical engineers. Building from a discussion of the fundamentals of radiofrequency carriers over optical fibres, this book describes networking techniques for the delivery of radiofrequency channels to the antenna systems on both wireless towers and micro-cells, as well as ways to test their effectiveness. Authoritative and wide-ranging, this reference text is ideal for engineers, upper level undergraduate and graduate level students in electrical engineering, optical engineering, wireless communication and electromagnetics.

Key Features

Includes optical transport techniques for ultra-high-capacity wireless channels

Presents the fundamental understandings for wireless and optical engineers in transport and delivery of wireless communications over optical-guided media

Discusses integrated photonics and interactions for wireless communications

Provides modulation and transmission of ultra-wideband wireless data channels

This book elaborates the fundamentals, theory and structure of ToF LiDAR, main components used in ToF LiDAR, and driver and processing circuits in ToF LiDAR. This book combines professional and academic knowledge as well as industrial knowledge and experience of LiDAR in autonomous driving. The objective of the book is to give a comprehensive introduction on LiDAR itself from an engineering perspective, rather than its applications which have been elaborated in many LiDAR related book. This book will be useful for graduate students and early-stage researchers who are interested in LiDAR or whose research topics are related to LiDAR and junior engineers in LiDAR companies or in robotic companies who use LiDARs to sense and navigate.

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Mechanophotonics emerges as a cutting-edge interdisciplinary research discipline, seamlessly intertwining mechanical micromanipulation with the nanophotonics of molecular optical microcrystals.

This book focuses on ultra-sensitive PIN and avalanche photodiode receiver (USPAR) ICs for data communication. After more than 20 years of exploitation of the pin-photodiode CMOS technology leading to efficient APD and SPAD receivers and sensors, this book describes how ultra-sensitive PIN photodiode receivers close the loop back to PIN photodiode ICs.

In contrast to conventional optical receivers, which are based on resistive-feedback transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), the book uses charge integration on small photodiodes with a low capacitance known from image sensors to reduce the noise considerably - even better sensitivity than with SPAD receivers is achieved. To obtain a much larger light sensitive area as in pixels of image sensors, innovative low-capacitance pin-finger and dot photodiodes are introduced.

Important advantages of USPAR ICs are much lower circuit complexity, much smaller chip area and much lower power consumption as of SPAD receivers. In addition, error correction can be avoided. Detailed investigations of photodetectors and integrating amplifiers with many surprises and astonishing results of newest research will be described.

Key Features:

Describes newest research results in the field

Covers basics to applications

Includes properties of USPAR receivers compared to that of SPAD receivers in compact form.

Explains dedicated ultra-low-noise circuits to exploit charge-integrating receivers in detail.

Presents microelectronics and optoelectronics combined in an easily understandable way.

Included numerous elaborate illustrations and tables facilitate and enhance comprehension.

Data centres are at the core of modern information networking due to the demands of mobile devices. This second edition offers insights into transport technology for data centres and the principal techniques for modern communication transmission of ultra-wideband channels. The book introduces digital transmission technologies and data centre networking, progressing to discussions on access and DC networking transmission technologies and super-channel transmission by multi-carrier sources, before concluding with a chapter on photonic signal processors. Revised and expanded as a second edition, this book provides a full update as well as the inclusion of all-optical routing, particularly all-optical networks and all-optical transmission.

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