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Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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During the last decade research on neural transplantation in mammals has grown extensively, and has attracted the attention of many young inquisitive scientists. This growth, as the critics point out, has been somewhat random, and has resulted neither in the formulation of basic concepts nor in any other significant achievement. For instance, they question-how is it possible to jump into functional research with clinical bearing when the basic morphological work has not yet been conducted? The criticism, objectively speaking, is valid and is supported by the fact that every investigator who has stepped into this unex plored field of neurosciences has formulated questions in his own way, has followed his own "model" oftransplantation, and has arrived at his own unique conclusions. The potential danger, as the critics emphasize, in this type of approach lies in that instead of evolving into a scientifically solid and valuable field of research, it may end in a confusing and conflicting mass of questionable claims and subjective opinions. The present situation, very likely, is a reflection of unrestrained enthusiasm and imaginativeness of the investigators, and the demands of the times for the so-called "newsworthy" and "breakthrough" publications. Despite these limitations, two important facts have been estab lished in this field. First, as far as transplantation of neural tissues per se is concerned, what was considered impossible by some critics about 10-12 years ago has been shown to be possible.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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This volume results from a symposium entitled "Species and Ufe History Patterns: Geographic and Habitat Variation", held during the National Meeting of the Entomo logical Society of America in Denver, Colorado, USA in November, 1979. The stimu lus to assemble papers on this theme emerged from continuing discussions with col leagues concerning controversies in ecology and evolutionary biology, namely those associated with plant-herbivore interactions, life history theory, and the equilibrium status of communities. The study organisms used in this series of reports are all either herbivorous insects or those intimately associated with plants. In this volume we stress the variation found in life history traits and address some of the problems inherent in current life history theory. We include as life history traits not only traditional variables such as fecundity, size of young, and age to first and peak reproduction, but also diapause and migration, traits that synchronize reproduction with favorable plant resources. Because life history traits of phytophagous insects are influenced in part by spatial and temporal variation in the quality and availability of their host plants, we also consider the role that dis continuities in plant quality play in reducing insect fitness. Lastly, much of the tra ditional life history theory concerns itself with differences between the evolution of traits or constellations of traits when populations incur primarily density-independent, compared to density-dependent, mortality. Consequently, we address this issue and attempt to shed light on the equilibrium status of several phytophagous insect com munities.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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Traditionally, studies in ecological genetics have involved both field observations and laboratory genetic analyses. Comparisons and cor relations between these two kinds of data have provided valuable in formation on the genetic strategies behind the evolutionary adapta tions of species and their component local populations. Indeed, much of our current understanding of the dynamics of evolutionary pro cesses has come fro~ syntheses of ecological and genetic information. Since the recent discovery of abundant markers in the form of protein polymorphisms, scientific interest in the connections between genetics and ecology has quickened considerably. This volume contains the proceedings of the Society for the Study of Evolution's symposium, Genetics and Ecology: The Interface, held at Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, June 12-15, 1977. This particular topic was selected because of a general feeling that a significant integration of genetics and ecology has developed in the last decade or so. Host ecologists no longer believe that each species has a characteristic and constant birth, death, and develonment rate, habitat preference, and so on, but that these para~eters vary a~ong populations and are at least partially under genetic control and sub ject to natural selection. Similarly, few population geneticists still view any species as infinitely large, panmictic, constant in numbers, and distributed evenly throughout its range.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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In just one concise and lucidly written volume a multitude of topics is covered introducing the results of extensive research on the processing of environmental information in vertebrates. Practical examples are provided to illustrate points made in the text. Many factors, both from the external environment and from within the animals own cells or tissue makeup can directly serve as a pressure to elicit physiological and/or behavioral responses in the organisms studied. Light intensity, photoperiod, circadian rhythms, seasonal variation and daylenght, just to name a few, are among the environmental factors that are correlated in these studies to behavioral or hormonal changes, organ function, and reproduction. This work will serve as a guidebook and easy reference source for students and research professionals in physiology, endocrinology, comparative zoology, and veterinary science.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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In the study of the physiological basis of animal behavior Vince Dethier has been a pioneer, a guiding star. Although his own work has centered on the blowfly and the caterpillar, his interests and influence have spread far beyond the insects. The breadth of this impact is indicated by the contributions from colleagues and former students in this volume. These papers were originally presented at a meeting to honor Vince's 70th birthday held at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in May 1985. It was attended by friends and col leagues of all ages from many parts of the world. However, the picture presented by these papers is not the whole story. What it does not show is the extent of Vince's interest and influence beyond the rigorous, though friendly, atmosphere of the research laboratory. His idyllic summers in Maine have produced studies on the natural history of feeding by insects culminating in The Tent Makers, with more to come. In these studies we see his real love and, dare we say, understanding of the insect. Vince Dethier is not concerned simply with reaching the established scientist. In To Know a Fly he reaches out to those just beginning, perhaps even to those who will never begin, and provides insight both to the experimentalist's approach and to the fun of research. His sense of fun and his elegant, fluent writing have given us, too, his tongue-in-cheek fictional writings for children of all ages.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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Some of the most creative scientists investigating directional hearing have contributed to this volume, providing a current and comprehensive overview of their work, their research problems, and the strategies they have used to solve them. They discuss many aspects of directional hearing from neuropsychological mechanisms underlying sound localization, through the variety of ways animals locate sound in space, to normal and pathological directional hearing in humans. This is a valuable source book for hearing scientists and clinicians, as well as for scientists without specialized background in spatial hearing, including psychologists, engineers, and biologists.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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This book is concerned with the physical aspects of molecular and electronic tunneling in biological systems, and the extent to which protein structure controls these events. The scope is very broad and this volume could almost be a textbook in biophysics. Both fundamental processes and the extrapolation to physiological events are stressed. The discussion sections are remarkably frank and offer insight into the basic problems confronting physists and chemists as they seek to apply their techniques to biological systems. This book on the physics of biomolecules reflects recent progress in understanding the biological function of the key protein molecules from detailed knowledge of their physics. New and exciting are the glasslike aspects of protein structures and the discussion of proteins as fractals. Other topics dealt with are low-temperature kinetics and reactivity, structure and charge exchange, and charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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Four years ago the first international symposium dealing with neural transplan tation was organized as a satellite conference to the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Los Angeles, California. The expanded proceed ings of that symposium were published by Springer-Verlag in 1983 in a volume entitled Neural Tissue Transplantation Research. We were sufficiently pleased with the results of that effort to organize a second satellite international sympo sium on Neural Transplantation and Regeneration in conjunction with the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Boston in the fall of 1983. Paralleling the growing body of research dealing with various aspects of neural transplantation, the scope of this second symposium was broadened to include not only transplantation but also regeneration. Additionally, topics of clinical interest were addressed as well as issues of basic research. The promise apparent in that first conference is still seen in the second as more and more investigators apply their talents in an attempt to understand this infant field of research. The present volume represents an expanded version of the material presented at the second symposium. We wish to thank all of the contributors to the conference and to this volume for their insight and their assistance.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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This conference represents the first time in my life when I felt it was a misfor tune, rather than a major cause of my happiness, that I do conservation work in New Guinea. Yes, it is true that New Guinea is a fascinating microcosm, it has fascinating birds and people, and it has large expanses of undisturbed rainforest. In the course of my work there, helping the Indonesian government and World Wildlife Fund set up a comprehensive national park system, I have been able to study animals in areas without any human population. But New Guinea has one serious drawback: it has no primates, except for humans. Thus, I come to this conference on primate conservation as an underprivileged and emotionally deprived observer, rather than as an involved participant. Nevertheless, it is easy for anyone to become interested in primate conserva tion. The public cares about primates. More specifically, to state things more realistically, many people care some of the time about some primates. Primates are rivaled only by birds, pandas, and the big cats in their public appeal. For some other groups of animals, the best we can say is that few people care about them, infrequently. For most groups of animals, no one cares about them, ever.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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The past two decades have seen an extraordinary growth of interest in the auditory mechanisms of a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. Investigations have ranged from auditory mechanisms in relatively simple animals where just a few cells are em ployed for detection of sound, to the highly complex detection and processing systems of man and the other mammals. Of particular significance to us has been the growing interest in general principles of vertebrate auditory system organization, as opposed to a specific and limited concern for the mammalian or even human systems. Some of the interest in nonmammalian systems has risen from the desire to fmd simpler experi mental models for both the essential components (e. g. , the hair cell receptor) and the more complex functions (e. g. , frequency analysis) of all vertebrate auditory systems. Interest has also risen from questions about the evolution of hearing and the covariation (or lack of it) in structure and function in a wide variety of biological solutions to the problems of acoustic mechanoreception. Of course, the desire to fmd simpler experi mental models and the need to answer questions about the evolution of hearing are not unrelated. In fact, detailed analyses of a variety of systems have led several times to the realization that some of the "simple systems" are more complex than initially thought.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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This book was developed out of a symposium at the XVII International Congress of Entomology held in Hamburg, Germany, on August 21, 1984. This symposium was organized by Drs. William Bradshaw and Hugh Dingle, who subsequently asked us to edit the proceedings. The chapters represent, for the most part, papers that were read in Hamburg but have been expanded and updated. The goal of this volume is to provide a comprehensive view of current research on insect life cycles, including field and laboratory studies, broad comparisons among species or local populations, and intensive studies of single populations, as well as theoretical research. Of necessity, given the magnitude of research now being carried out on insects, some important research programs are not included, and therein lie the makings of future volumes. This volume is divided into three parts. The first part, Geographical Patterns in Insect Life Cycles, explores various applications of a comparative method that has been valuable in investigating the potential for variability in life history parameters and the relation of these parameters to important variables in the environment.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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This volume is an outgrowth of a Symposium entitled "Evolution of Escape in Space and Time" held at the XV International Congress of Entomology in Washington, D. C., USA in August, 1976. The choice of topic was prompted by recent advances in evolutionary ecology and the apparent suitability of insect migration and dia pause as appropriate material for evolutionary studies. In the event, that choice seems amply justified as I hope a perusal of these papers will show. These Sympos ium papers hardly cover the topic of the evolution of escape mechanisms exhaustively, and I am sure everyone will have his favorite lacuna. Some of the more obvious ones are indicated by Professor Southwood in his Concluding Remarks at the end of the book. The purpose of the Symposium, however, was not complete coverage, but rather to indicate the potential inherent in insect migration and diapause for the study of evolutionary problems. In that I think we have succeeded reasonably well. These papers are expanded and in some cases somewhat altered versions of the papers delivered in Washington. This has allowed greater coverage of the topics in question. I suggested a format of a general overview of a topic emphasizing the author's own research con tributions. In general the papers follow this outline although emphases vary. Two of the authors, Dr. Rainey and Dr. Lumme, were unable to attend the Symposium. Dr. Rainey's paper was read by Mr. Frank Walsh, but Dr.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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This volume is a compilation of the papers presented at a meeting that took place in April 1980 at the Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida. The meeting and this volume are outgrowths of two earlier international meetings on marine bio-acoustics that occurred in 1963 and 1966 (Tavolga 1964, 1967). The first meeting took place at the Lerner Marine Laboratory of the American Museum of Natural History, while the second meeting was at the American Museum itself, and was under the sponsorship of the Department of Animal Behavior. It is apparent that these two volumes have had immense impact on the current study of marine bio-acoustics, and particularly on fish audition. In a preliminary conference in Sarasota in 1979 we decided that it was time for another such meeting, to bring together as many as possible of the investigators interested in fish acoustics in order to assess the current state of our knowledge and predict directions for research for the next several years. Such a meeting appeared par ticularly timely, since over the past four or five years there have been many new studies that have provided new empirical and theoretical work on basic mechanisms of fish audition. Furthermore, it became evident, as we made up preliminary lists of possible participants, that few of the currently active workers were in the field back in 1966. In fact, of the current participants, only Drs.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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This volume is the result of a symposium entitled "Variation in Life Histories: Genetics and Evolutionary Processes" sponsored by the Program in Evolutionary Ecology and Behavior of the University of Iowa and held in Iowa City on October 13 and 14, 1980. Prompted by a recent upsurge of interest in the evolution of life histories, we chose this topic because of the obvious association between life history traits and Darwinian fit ness. If such an association were to be fruitfully investigated, it would require the closer cooperation of population and evolutionary ecologists and quantitative and population geneticists. To encourage such an association, our symposium had four major aims: first, to facilitate intellectual exchange across disciplines among an array of biologists studying life histories; second, to encourage exploration of genetic variance and covari ance for life history traits; third, to consider the ecological background for genetic vari ability; and finally, to facilitate a comparative overview both within and among species. Obviously such broad aims cannot be met totally in a single volume, but we think we have succeeded reasonably well in providing a representative and nourishing intel lectual feast. We see this book as a stimulus to the coordination of future efforts in an important and expanding area of inquiry. We have divided the book into six sections.
Häftad, Tyska, 1982
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Häftad, Tyska, 1986
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Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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Scientific investigation of the retina began with extensive studies of its anatomical structure. The selective staining of neurons achieved by the Golgi method has led to a comprehensive picture of the architecture of the tissue in terms of its individ ual elements. Cajal, in particular, used this tech nique to reveal the fundamentals of retinal struc ture. In the studies that followed, selective stain ing method continued to be decisive in the analysis of neuroanatomy, and in recent years these techniques have been complemented by electron microscopy. The complexity of retinal structure that has been revealed demands a functional explanation, and elec trophysiology attempts to provide it. But functional analysis, like anatomy, must ultimately be based on the single cell. It is only by using dyes to mark the recording site that one can identify the cells involved. When this succeeds, as it has recently, one can actually fit functional events into the ana tomical framework. With these advances, our strate gies and tactics toward an understanding of the structure and function of the retina have moved in to a new phase.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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This book contains the proceedings of a conference held at the Strahlenzentrum der Justus Liebig-Univer- sitat, GieSen, Germany, from October 6 to October 10, 1975. About 40 sCientists, mostly from European coun- tries, came together to discuss specific aspects of modern radiation biology. The majority of the papers deal with "simple eukaryotic systems" such as yeast, algae, slime moulds etc. It was felt that these study objects offer good prospects to tackle fundamental questions. This scope, however, was never intended to be exclusive, and the reader will see from the table of contents that a variety of different systems was discussed. Therefore we thought the general title would be appropriate. The rationale that led to the planning of the symposium and the titles of the ses- sions is outlined in the Introduction. We hope that this volume gathers some useful information, not only for radiation biologists, but also for colleagues en- gaged either in fundamental cell research or in the application in the field of radiation therapy and pro- tection.The conference would not have been possible without the generous support of the European Communities and the cosponsorship of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Biophysik. If it was to a certain extent successful, then the merit goes to the very active engagement of all participants. I should like to thank my coworkers for their devoted help in the organisation, particularly Dr. Eckart Schneider, Dr. Elmar Gocke, Maria Hlawica, and Eva-Maria Peter for secretarial help.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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Three parameters participating in the specific control of proteolytic processes in intact yeast cells are discussed: (1) different substrate specificity of the yeast proteinases A and B, and carboxypeptidase Y when tested with yeast enzymes as substrate, (2) three types of macro- molecular inhibitors from yeast specifically inhibiting the three pro- teinases, (3) subcellular localization of the proteinases in the vacu- oles and of the inhibitors in the cytosol. Mechanisms of a selective proteolysis of single enzymes or a group of enzymes dependent on chan- ges in the physiological conditions are discussed. References Betz, H., Hinze, H., Holzer, H.: Isolation and properties of two inhibitors of proteinase B from yeast. J. Bioi. Chem. 249, 4515-4521 (1974) Cabib, E., Farkas, V.: The control of morphogenesis: An enzymatic mechanism for the initiation of septum formation in yeast. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 68, 2052-2056 (1971) Cabib, E., Keller, F.A.: Chitin and yeast budding. J. Bioi. Chem. 246, 167-173 (1971) Cabib, E., Ulane, R.: Chitin synthetase activating factor from yeast, a protease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 50, 186-191 (1973) Hasilik, A.:Inactivation of Chitin Synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch. Microbiol. 101, 295-301 (1974) Hasilik, A., Holzer,~: PartiCipation of the tryptophan synthase inactivating system from yeast in the activation of chitin synthase. Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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This volume contains the proceedings of the FEBS Sym posium on the Biochemistry of Membrane Transport, which was held at the Swiss Institute of Technology, Zlirich, July 18-23, 1976. Of the speakers invited or iginally, only five could not attend the meeting, and of the lectures given, all but one of the texts are published here. Thus, this volume gives a faithful ac count of the way the meeting was originally conceived and actually took place. This Symposium on Biochemistry of Membrane Transport was the first Symposium sponsored by the FEBS outside the yearly FEBS-Meetings, after the Special Meeting on Industrial Biochemistry, which took place in Dublin in 1973, and it reflects the interest and the trend for gatherings of smaller size than the official FEBS Meetings. The topic of the Symposium was an easy choice, not only because membrane transport is becom ing more and more important to biochemistry every year, but also because of the long-standing interest of Swiss Science in the field. In the choice of the topics and of the speakers, efforts were made to achieve as balanced a coverage of the area as possible. However, since some aspects of membrane biochemistry were dealt with extensively at the parallel 10th Inter national Congress of Biochemistry in Hamburg, GFR, cer tain topics were given less emphasis than others. The Symposium was attended by about 400 participants (we expected 200-250); among them 48 were invited speakers, and some 200 contributed posters.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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The 9th International Conference on Plant Growth Substances was held at the University of Lausanne, August 30-September 4, 1976. This meet ing was sponsored by the National Swiss Foundation for Scientific Re search (FNRS), the Fonds Herbette of the Faculty of Sciences of Lau sanne, by several other official sources, and by a few Swiss indus tries. The conference was attended by over 420 scientists, represent ing 42 countries, with a total of 550 participants. Our 9th conference was rather different from the previous ones. The usual short submitted papers followed by a too brief discussion were replaced by three kinds of scientific communications. First in the reports, authors gave a critical analysis of a selection of broad to pics, directing their comments to new perspectives of research and me thodology. Second, the paper demonstrations, presented by over 200 scientists, induced large and fruitful discussions and ensured that personal contacts were made. Finally, during four workshops, several interesting points - introduced in the reports and paper demonstra tions - were developed and discussed.
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Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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This book contains the Invited Lectures delivered at the meeting "structural and Kinetic Approach to Plasma Membrane Functions" held in Grignon/France on September 6-9, 1976. The meeting was intended as a discussion forum for physicists, physico-chemists, biochemists, bio- logists, and medical scientists, in an attempt to find as much "con- tact-surface" as possible. The Invited Lectures cover a broad spectrum of membrane preoccupations. The complexity of the topics, the variety of the techniques used, and above all the wide scope of the research work reported constitute an up-to-date presentation of the state-of- the-art in a number of important areas of membranology. Our thanks are due to all those who, with their contributions, helped make this book. In the first place we wish to thank the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur F6rderung der Wissenschaften e.V. and the Centre National de la Re- cherche Scientifique who, by their generous support made this meeting possible. Special thanks are due to Drs. B. Boman (Grignon/France), and Alice Reimann (Mulheim) for their help in the final preparation of the con- ference manuscript.Last but not least our thanks go to Springer-Verlag for their friendly cooperation in producing this book under excellent conditions.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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Haemocyanin was first recognised as a respiratory pigment by P. Bert in 1867. Over the years the haemocyanins have attracted attention as macromolecules and copper-contain- ing respiratory proteins. The early functional studies of A.C. Redfield (Biol. Rev. 9, 176, 1934) and the ultracen- trifuge work of I.B. Ericksson-Quensel and T. Svedberg (Biol. Bull. 21, 498, 1936) come easily to mind. In recent years haemocyanin studies have come to the forefront with the work of the Ghirettis (Padova), R. Lontie (Louven), E.F.J. Van Bruggen (Groningen) and Joe and Celia Bonaven- tura (Beaufort) to mention but a few of the number of able investigators coming to this field from diverse disciplines. It is hoped that this book presents a fair cross section of current workers and work on haemocyanin. It is the sec- ond collection of haemocyanin studies to be published after a Workshop on the Structure and Function of Haemocyanin. The first haemocyanin meeting was held by Professors F. "Ghiro" Ghiretti and Anna Ghiretti-Magaldi in Naples in 1966. Subsequent meetings have been held at Groningen (1970), Louven (1971) and Padova (1974).Current interest in haemocyanin can be judged by the scope and breadth of the papers from the Malta meeting and pre- sented here. In organising the Malta meeting I would like to thank Dr. John Tooze of the European Molecular Biology Organisation and my friend and colleague, Professor Mauri- zio Brunori for their continuous help and support.
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The fact that, of the approximately 600,000 plant species existing on the earth, only some 5 % have been specifically investigated chemically or pharmacologi cally, is a challenge to chemists spezializing in na tural substances and to pharmacologists. In view of the limited number of research capacities and the ever diminishing financial means, this challenge can only be met if, together with an improvement and refinement of methods of analysis, medicinal plant research is carried out on a broader interdisciplinary basis, with comparable, scientifically recognized screening methods, and if it is better coordinated, with greater use of modern documentation means. It is thus necessary in the future to concentrate specifically on projects leading to the development of new medicinal prepara tions. The plenary lectures hold in the present symposium of the 1st International Congress for Research on Medi cinal Plants reflect these efforts and tendencies. At the same time they provide a survey of some of the fields of medicinal plant research which are at present most actual and most intensively researched. They range from plant screening, isolation and structure eluci dation of new principles, to the therapeutical opti mization of a natural product. The lectures given at this congress show clearly the necessity, in addition to national phytochemical so cieties, for a central international organisation, in which all active medicinal plant researchers in the world are included. Their aim should be to provide the impulse for more optimal, rational research, aimed at the solution of specific projects.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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Two years ago, about twenty people gathered informally in our institute to discuss mitosis. We took this opportunity to try to separate the "hard" facts of mitosis which are accepted by most people, from the "soft" ones which are still open for discussion. Surprisingly few "hard" facts survived with their reputation still intact. This result led us to orga nize a similar meeting on a larger scale. The outcome was the workshop "Mitosis: Facts and Questions", which was held at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg from April 25-29, 1977. An introductory lecture was given for each of nine major topics, followed by an extensive discussion of facts, questions and future experiments. Further details were provided by posters. The proceedings of the meeting are published in this volume. We feel that many open questions and facts described here will provide stimulating ideas and a basis for further investigation of this fundamental process. The success of the workshop would not have been possible without the help of many people. We are very grateful to the German Cancer Research Center for its interest and assistance, and for the support of the Verein zur Forderung der Krebsforschung in Deutschland represented by Prof. Dr. h.c. K.H. Bauer, the ECBO (European Cell Biology Organization) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Zellbiologie. Our sincere thanks are also extended to our students and technicians for their enthusiastic help, and to Mrs. Joa for typing the manuscripts.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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From 11 to 15 July 1977 about 60 physiologists, endo crinologists, ecologists and other biologists from 14 countries convened at the University Montpellier for a symposium on Environmental Endocrinology. This meet ing was organized as a Satellite Symposium of the 27th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Paris, 18-23 July 1977. This volume is a record of the com munications presented at the symposium. The objectives of the program were to examine the role of the endocrine system in a wide spectrum of adjustments and adaptations to changes in environmental conditions by various spe cies of animals, including man, and to promote an ex change of ideas among investigators who have approached these functions from diverse aspects. The diversity of the information and ideas communicated is great. Of necessity, they represent only an extremely modest se lection of the many facets of endocrine function in the interaction of animals with their environments. Be yond the usefulness of the communications individually, we hope that they collectively demonstrate the substan tial heuristic value of the concept of environmental endocrinology as it was perceived by the participants. We acknowledge gratefully the kindness and sympathy of Professor Jaques ROUZAUD, President of the University of Montpellier II, for his generous extension of the hospitality of the University to the Symposium. We are most grateful to Mrs. Monique VIEU who effected so well the secretarial organization of the Sympos.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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The suggestion for a symposium on microbial ecology was first put forward by Professor J.A.R. Miles in 1972. After gaining support from the New Zealand Microbiological Society and the Royal Society of New Zealand. a national committee with international represen tatives and a local committee were formed. Sponsorship was obtained from UNEP, UNESCO, ICRO and IOMS. IUBS and ICOME and the culmina tion was the First International Microbial Ecology Symposium in 1977 attended by over 400 scientists from 30 countries. Certain facets of microbial ecology have been studied for over a century, but the recognition of microbial ecology as a discipline has come relatively recently. The National Committee decided that all aspects of microbial ecology should be discussed at the Sym posium. The local organising committee, therefore. invited papers on the ecology of microorganisms and viruses associated with plants and animals, as well as microorganisms associated with soil and water and with general environmental problems. Of the 240 papers presented. only a selection is published here. It is hoped that they will be of interest particularly to those who could not attend. The vol ume stands as a tribute to the fore sight of John Miles in instigating the symposium and who retires this year from the Microbiology Department of the University of Otago where he has had a distinguished career. May his interest in microbial ecology long continue.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
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The serene phrase, Lest I forget thee, glutathione ..., coined by the Kosowers (1) to describe the state in the 1960's, must be replaced now by something like "Inevitable GSH" in order to characterize the current situation. The surge in interest on the ubiquitous tripeptide has been ama- zing, with publications on GSH running at rates as high as one per day, so that it seemed appropriate to convene international experts for a discussion of recent develop- ments this year. Unlike the two previous meetings in this decade held in Tlibingen in 1973 (2) and in santa Ynez in 1975 (3), the scope was restricted to Functions of Gluta- thione in Liver and Kidney. Only in this way did an in-depth discussion of the current state of knowledge in a limit- ed topic appear possible.The last couple of years have seen a fascinating pro- ductivity in the fields of (a) Regulation of the Glutathione Level in the Liver, (b) Role of y-Glutamyltransferase in Gluta- thione Turnover with emphasis on the renal enzyme, and a critical appraisal of the y-Glutamyl Cycle, (c) Hyd:roperox- ide and Disulfide Metaholism, enriched by the discovery of the nonseleniurn-dependent glutathione peroxidase activ- ity and its relation to the glutathione-S-transferases, and the participation of the 2GSH/GSSG system in redox transitions in intact organ, cells and isolated mito- chondria, and (d) a multitude of Pharmacological and Toxi- cological Aspects related to glutathione, mainly centered on the events leading to liver damage and the protective