Research Reports in Physics - Böcker
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26 produkter
26 produkter
Nuclear Structure of the Zirconium Region
Proceedings of the International Workshop, Bad Honnef, Fed. Rep. of Germany, April 24–28, 1988
Häftad, Engelska, 1988
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Results important for the general understanding of nuclear structure have emerged from the study of the nuclei in the mass region around the neutron-deficient and neutron-rich Zirconium isotopes. This research report gives the proceedings of a workshop which brought together about 70 experts in the area. Review papers deal with the theoretical interpretation of the unusual properties of these medium-mass nuclei, using the mean field approach, a microscopic description, the interacting boson model and particle rotor calculations. Papers also discuss experimental procedures for studying nuclei far from stability and the possibility of complete spectroscopy. The reviews are supplemented by short contributions presenting very new results. Phenomena discussed include the interplay between subshell effects and the strong proton-neutron interaction in determining nuclear shape, the coexistence of different nuclear shape and the occurrence of fast beta decay.
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This is a monograph on the fluctuational theory of superconductivity. The theory was originally developed by M. A. Savchenko in 1964 in response to the work of B. T. Matthias, the discoverer of superconductive compounds. Further development of the theory led to the prediction of the existence of high-temperature superconductors among magnetic and nonmagnetic compounds of rare-earth metals, ceramics, and polymers. In 1987 this prediction was experimentally verified by the discovery of high-Tc superconducting rare-earth metal oxides by I. Bednorz and K. Muller. To date, this is the only account that explains consistently all the available data. The theory of high-temperature superconductivity is based on the concept of an enhanced electron-phonon interaction which leads to an attraction between electrons forming superconducting pairs. This interaction is due to the exchange spin fluctu ations (exchange enhancement effect). In compounds in which there is no magnetic ordering except at very low temperatures, such as in rare-earth metal oxides, the electron-phonon interaction is strengthened due to fluctuations in the spins of the conducting electrons. If there is magnetic ordering in a superconductor at a tempera ture higher than or of the same order as the critical superconducting temperature Tc, then the attraction in the electron pairs will be further increased because the Coulomb repulsion is overwhelmed by fluctuations in the spins forming the long-range anti fer romagnetic order.
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Since 1972 the Schools on Nonlinear Physics in Gorky have been a meeting place for Soviet scientists working in this field. Instead of producing for the first time English proceedings it has been decided to present a good cross section of nonlinear physics in the USSR. Thus the participants at the last School were invited to provide English reviews and research papers for these two volumes (which in the years to come will be followed by the proceedings of forthcoming schools). The first volume starts with a historical overview of nonlinear dynamics from Poincaré to the present day and touches topics like attractors, nonlinear oscillators and waves, turbulence, pattern formation, and dynamics of structures in nonequilibrium dissipative media. It then deals with structures, bistabilities, instabilities, chaos, dynamics of defects in 1d systems, self-organizations, solitons, spatio-temporal structures and wave collapse in optical systems, lasers, plasmas, reaction-diffusion systems and solids.
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Since 1972 the Schools on Nonlinear Physics in Gorky have been a meeting place for Soviet scientists working in this field. Instead of producing for the first time English proceedings it has been decided to present a good cross section of nonlinear physics in the USSR. Thus the participants at the last School were invited to provide English reviews and research papers for these two volumes (which in the years to come will be followed by the proceedings of forthcoming schools). The second volume deals with dynamical chaos in classical and quantum systems, with evolution in chemical systems and self-organisation in biology, and with applications of nonlinear dynamics to condensed matter, sea waves, and astrophysics.
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TIlis volume contains the contributions to the Euromech Colloquium No. 241 on Nonlinear Waves in Active Media at the Institute of Cybernetics of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia, USSR, September 27-30, 1988. The Co-chairmen of the Euromech Colloquium felt that it would be a good service to the community to publish these proceedings. First, the topic itself dealing with various wave processes with energy influx is extremely interesting and attracted a much larger number of participants than usual - a clear sign of its importance to the scientific community. Second, Euromech No. 241 was actually the first Euromech Colloquium held in the Soviet Union and could thus be viewed as a milestone in the extending scientific contacts between East and West. At the colloquium 50 researchers working in very different branches of sci ence met to lecture on their results and to discuss problems of common interest. An introductory paper by I. Engelbrecht presents the common motivation and background of the topics covered. Altogether 36 speakers presented their lectures, of which 30 are gathered here. The remaining six papers which will appear elsewhere are listed on page X. In addition, three contributions by authors who could not attend the colloquium are included. The two lectures given by A.S. Mikhailov, V.S. Davydov and V.S. Zykov are here published as one long paper.
Problems of Modern Quantum Field Theory
Invited Lectures of the Spring School held in Alushta USSR, April 24 – May 5, 1989
Häftad, Engelska, 1990
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This volume is the compilation of invited lectures presented at the Spring School "Problems of Modern Quantum Field Theory" held in Alushta (USSR) April 24-May 5 1989, organized by the Institute for Theoretical Physics (Kiev) and Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (Moscow). Approximately one hundred physicists and mathematicians attended lectures on aspects of mod- ern quantum field theory: Conformal Field Theory, Geometrical Quantization, Quantum Groups and Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov Equations, Non-Archimedian Strings, Calculations on Riemannian Surfaces. A number of experts active in research in these areas were present and they shared their ideas in both formal lectures and informal conversations. V. Drinfeld discusses the relation between quasi-Hopf algebras, conformal field theory, and knot invariants. The author sketches a new proof of Konno's theorem on the equivalence of the braid group representations corresponding to R-matrices and the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation. The main ideas of quantum analogs of simple Lie superalgebras and their dual objects - algebras of functions on the quantum supergroup - are introduced in the paper by P.P. Kulish.He proposes the universal R-matrix for simplest superalgebra osp(2/1) and discusses the elements of a representation theory. In the paper by A. Alekseev and S. Shatashvili the correspondence between geometrical quantization and conformal field theory is established. It allows one to develop a Lagrange approach to two-dimensional conformal field theory. The authors also discuss the relation to finite R-matrices.
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Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Dynamical Systems (NEEDS) provides a presentation of the state of the art. Except for a few review papers, the 40 contributions are intentially brief to give only the gist of the methods, proofs, etc. including references to the relevant litera- ture. This gives a handy overview of current research activities. Hence, the book should be equally useful to the senior resercher as well as the colleague just entering the field. Keypoints treated are: i) integrable systems in multidimensions and associated phenomenology ("dromions"); ii) criteria and tests of integrability (e.g., Painleve test); iii) new developments related to the scattering transform; iv) algebraic approaches to integrable systems and Hamiltonian theory (e.g., connections with Young-Baxter equations and Kac-Moody algebras); v) new developments in mappings and cellular automata, vi) applications to general relativity, condensed matter physics, and oceanography.
Quark—Gluon Plasma
Invited Lectures of Winter School, Puri, Orissa, India, December 5–16, 1989
Häftad, Engelska, 1991
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Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a state of matter predicted by the theory of strong interactions - quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The area of QGP lies at the interface of particle physics, field theory, nuclear physics and many-body theory, statistical physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In its brief history (about a decade), QGP has seen a rapid convergence of ideas from these previously diverging disciplines. This volume includes the lectures delivered by eminent specialists to students without prior experience in QGP. Each course thus starts from the basics and takes the students by steps to the current problems. The chapters are self-contained and pedagogic in style. The book may therefore serve as an introduction for advanced graduate students intending to enter this field or for physicists working in other areas. Experts in QGP may also find this volume a handy reference. Specific examples, used to elucidate how theoretical predictions and experimentally accessible quantities may not always correspond to one another, make this book ideal for self-study for beginners. This feature will also make the volume thought-provoking for QGP practitioners.
Nonlinear Waves 3
Physics and Astrophysics Proceedings of the Gorky School 1989
Häftad, Engelska, 1990
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Since 1972 the Schools on Nonlinear Physics in Gorky have been a meeting place for Soviet scientists working in this field. This 3rd volume emerged from material presented at the 1989 School. It contains sections dealing with nonlinear problems in physics and astrophysics, quantum and solid state physics, dynamical chaos and self-organization.
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This book deals with nonlinear waves and their propagation in metallic and dielectric waveguides and media with stratification. The underlying nonlinear evolution equations (NEEs) are derived and solutions given for specific situations. The reader will find new elements to the traditional approach. Various dispersion and relaxation laws for different guides are considered as well as the explicit form of projection operators, NEEs, quasi-solitons and of Darboux transforms. Special points relate to: 1. the development of a universal asymptotic method of deriving NEEs for guide propagation; 2. applications to the cases of stratified liquids, gases, solids and plasmas with various nonlinearities and dispersion laws; 3. connections between the basic problem and soliton-like solutions of the corresponding NEEs; 4. discussion of details of simple solutions in higher order nonsingular perturbation theory.
Nonlinear Physics
Proceedings of the International Conference, Shanghai, People’s Rep. of China, April 24–30, 1989
Häftad, Engelska, 1990
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These refereed proceedings present recent developments on specific mathematical and physical aspects of nonlinear dynamics. The new findings discussed in here will be equally useful to graduate students and researchers. The topics dealt with cover a wide range of phenomena: solitons, integrable systems, Hamiltonian structures, Bäcklund and Darboux transformation, symmetries, fi- nite-dimensional dynamical systems, quantum and statistical mechanics, knot theory and braid group, R-matrix method, Hirota and Painlevé analysis, and applications to water waves, lattices, porous media, string theory and even cellular automata.
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Current concern about the stability of our climatic system is reflected in this book, which offers theoretical models of a microclimate and an explanation of the theory of various air-lake interactions as well as providing instructions for convenient numerical parametrizations. Five major subjects are covered - atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL), energy transfer at the air-water interface, wind-induced drift of surface films, thermal regime and mixing conditions in lakes and the thermal bar. The author is a Soviet scientist who is often visits western meteorological institutes.
Symmetries and Singularity Structures
Integrability and Chaos in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Häftad, Engelska, 1991
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These lectures deal with background and latest developments in symmetries, singularity structures (Painleve analysis) and their reaction to integrability and chaos in classical and quantum nonlinear dynamical systems. The book should be useful to both newcomers and senior researchers in physics and mathematics working in the field of nonlinear dynamics. Starting from simple Lie symmetries, the role of generalized Lie and Lie-Backlund symmetries and the underlying algebras associated with a wide spectrum of nonlinear systems are studied. Some keywords are: master symmetries, dynamical symmetries, Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras, quantum groups, integrable quantum spin chains, bi-Hamiltonian structure of integrable systems and singularity structure analysis of Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian systems, the connection between symmetry, solutions quantum chaos and random matrix theory, applications of solitons in plasmas, 4HE films, Josephson junctions and in chemical compounds.
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Microseismic studies involve three main disciplines - oceanography, meteorology and seismology. In her comprehensive treatment of the subject, the author discusses the simultaneous generation of microseisms, oceanic standing waves, infrasound waves, geomagnetic oscillations and the effect of these waves on communication systems. Techniques of locating the sources of excitation are described, together with applications to navigation and wave and weather forecasting.
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"Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Dynamical Systems" (NEEDS) provides a presentation of the state of the art. But for some exceptions, the contributions are intentionally brief to give only the gist of the methods, proofs, etc including references to the relevant literature. This gives an overview of current research activities. Hence, the book should be equally useful to the senior researcher as well as the colleague just entering the field. Topics treated include One- and multi-dimensional or integrable models, geometric and algebraic methods, quantum field theory, applications to nonlinear optics, condensed matter physics, oceanography, and many others. Further keywords include Hirota bilinearity, Hamiltonians, Toda lattice, multi-dimensional inverse scattering, bifurcations, dromions, polynomial solutions, Ermakov systems, computer algebra, symplectic operators, (quantum) superalgebras, groups and Ising models. This book of proceedings on nonlinear dynamics, theoretical physics, mathematical physics and applied mathematics is intended for researchers and students.
Signal Transduction in Photoreceptor Cells
Proceedings of an International Workshop Held at the Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Fed. Rep. of Germany, 8–11 August 1990
Häftad, Engelska, 1992
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This text, which comprises the proceedings of an international workshop held at the Research Centre Juelich, Germany in 1990, deals with the mechanism of signal transduction invertebrate photoreceptors. It contains contributions on the structure and function of rhodopsin or other G-coupled receptors, on the regulation of second messengers by enzyme cascade, the role of Ca2+ in light adaptation, and the control of ionic channels in photoreceptor cells.
Electron-Electron Correlation Effects in Low-Dimensional Conductors and Superconductors
Häftad, Engelska, 1991
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This volume presents lectures on new approaches to electron-electron and electron-phonon correlation effects in low-dimensional materials: organic solids, conducting polymers such as polyacetylenes (CH), organic and copper-oxide superconductors. Topics covered include the correlation effects in optical spectra, magnetic properties, nonlinear processes, electrons in 1-d and 2-d solids and their molecular components, new approaches to 1-d and 2-d Hubbard models, Peierls model, multiconfigurational approach to large systems, calculation of Madulung energy in complex crystals, quantum field model, and kink effects in optical spectra of high T superconductors.
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"Solitons and Chaos" is a response to the growing interestin systems exhibiting these two complementary manifestationsof nonlinearity. The papers cover a wide range of topics butshare common mathematical notions and investigationtechniques. An introductory note on eight concepts ofintegrability has been added as a guide for the uninitiatedreader. Both specialists and graduate students will findthis update on the state ofthe art useful.Key points: chaos vs. integrability; solitons: theory andapplications; dissipative systems; Hamiltonian systems; mapsand cascades; direct vs. inverse methods; higher dimensions;Lie groups, Painleve analysis, numerical algorithms;pertubation methods.
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This monograph presents the study of one-dimensional waves in inhomogenous and hereditary media (media with memory). A new, mathematically rigorous factorization method is applied, which yields either an exact or an asymptotic decomposition of the nonlinear wave equations under consideration into first order multipliers. A central result presented in this book is a factorization theorem for the simple wave equation with constant coefficients, which permits a view of Riemann invariants and simple waves from a different angle, and which is used to go over to wave equations with variable coefficients and memory.
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This volume contains the lectures presented by invited speakers at the IV La Rlibida International Summer School on Nuclear Physics. This was the IV edition of a summer school organized by our group every three years on topics related to nuclear physics. This Summer School was aimed mainly at young nuclear physicists, both theoreticians and experimentalists, engaged in research work at predoctoral or recent postdoctoral level. The topics treated in the three previous editions of the School were: "Heavy Ion Collisions", "Theory of Nuclear Structure and Reactions" and "Nuclear As trophysics". This year's School was entitled "Nuclear Physics at the Borderlines". Special emphasis was placed on those topics along which nuclear physics is ex pected to develop in the next few years. The aim of the School was to provide the attendants with an opportunity to get into close contact with experienced researchers and listen to their account of the present state-of-the-art in nuclear physics and the main future lines of development.
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This volume provides reference material for scientists working in the nuclear field. The latest nuclear data files are described. Nuclear theories and methods are also covered in the invited review papers and original contributions. The topics discussed include Tokamak fusion reactor technology, fission reactors, data testing and validation for reactors, facilities and techniques, standards, medical applications, astrophysical applications, medium energy data, nuclear structure and decay data, nuclear models and evaluation methodology.
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"High-Tc Superconductivity" is based on a meeting held inKiev and contains contributions discussing the most recentachievements in this field. The book includes reviewsand original papers covering theoretical andexperimental aspects of the subject.Keywords: electronic and magnetic properties, metallizationprocesses, emission and optic spectra, lavitation, pinning,frustration and fluctuations, thin films
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Due to new technological progress in the development of ion sources and accelerators interesting kinds of beams are now available. They open new fields for materials research with ion beams. The present status and future possibilities of these research activities are described by experts in this field in the form of review articles. The papers presented in the book focus on very different aspects ranging from the field of truly applied research to the field of fundamental atomic research investigating interaction mechanisms of slow, highly charged particles with surfaces. The book is intended to provide a source of information about recent developments in basic research for the physicist about the status of the input of their work into applied materials science. In addition, other well established techiques, such as Rutherford backscattering analysis and their use in materials research such as of HTC are described. The reader of this book should benefit from its broader view over the various methods of materials research with ion beams.
Nuclear Data for Science and Technology
Proceedings of an International Conference, held at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fed. Rep. of Germany, 13–17 May 1991
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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This book describes the Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology held at Jillich in May 1991. The conference was in a series of application oriented nuclear data conferences organized in the past under the auspices of the Nuclear Energy Agency-Nuclear Data Committee (NEANDC) and with the support of the Nuclear Energy Agency-Committee on Reactor Physics (NEACRP). It was the fIrst international conference on nuclear data held in Germany, with the scientific responsibility entrusted to the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry of the Research Centre Jillich. The scientific programme was established by the International Programme Committee in consultation with the International Advisers, and the NEA and IAEA cooperated in the organization. A total of 328 persons from 37 countries and fIve international organizations participated. The scope of these Proceedings extends to a wide range of interdisciplinary topics dealing with measu rement, calculation, evaluation and application of nuclear data, with a major emphasis on numerical data. Both energy and non-energy related applications are considered and due attention is given to some fundamental aspects relevant to the understanding of nuclear data.
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Given the problems of the environment in relation to the ever-growing civi lization activities of man, it is not surprising that in recent years more and more related data have been collected, phenomena have been observed and concerns have been expressed. The ecological systems of man's environment react to the impact of these civilization activities. In fact, quite often these reactions occur as shocks and surprises. Acid rain and the related forest die backs are but one example. Ecological systems consist of many compo nents and their dynamics is thus complex. The study of complexity is the underlying theme for work at KFA Jiilich. A major part of this work concerns the physics of condensed matter, including polymers, spin glasses, surfaces and layers. Another part relates to micro electronics in the submicrometre range in its relation to the design of vector and parallel computers. Supercomputing characterizes this search for the understanding of complexity further. But equally the work on the chemistry of the atmosphere, radio agronomy, biotechnology and research on informa tion processing on the molecular level must also be mentioned. To make the picture complete, at KFA Jiilich work on reactor technology, fusion research and energy systems of course continues. These are complex systems too.
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Theoretical and numerical details of an optimized LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbitals) method for the calculation of self-consistent bandstructures are given together with a variety of examples. The method will be a valuable tool both for researchers engaged in calculations and for scientists looking for numerical results of self-consistent bandstructure calculations. The presentation starts with an introduction to the modern many-body theory of electronic bandstructure. The essentials of the representation with a non-orthogonal basis and the usual tight-binding variants are critically reviewed. A variational approach to the optimization of atom-like basis orbitals is described together with an SCF procedure for band calculations. Complete numerical and graphic results for all elementary metals from lithium to zinc are given.