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Del 2 - Schriften des Deutschen Orient - Instituts
Turkey and the European Community
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
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Nearly 29 years have passed since the EC and Thrkey forged the Association Agreement on 12.3.63. After abrief period on hold, Thrkish-EC relations regained dynamism when Thrkey applied for full membership on April 14, 1987. The view of the EC Commission, as presented some two and a half years later to the Council of Ministers, was approved by EC Foreign Ministers. The response stated that the EC would not start negotiations for membership until the completion of the Single Market. The main points of the Commission's observation focused on the discrepancy in the levels of economic development between Turkey and the EC, the issue of human rights, shortcomings in social security and the question of Cyprus. This response was a source of great disappoinment in Thrkey; because it had been a consistent ally of the West until then, taken important steps towards democracy and a free-market economy, EC membership, as Thrkey saw it, was to be its reward.
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The contributions to this volume are based on papers read at an international confer ence held in Hamburg in May 1978. Some of them are reprinted in their original form, others have been slightly modified in order to incorporate more recent findings. Since the overall concern is Middle Eastern development the various contributions deal with a wide range of problems. Studies on the Middle East are more often than not one-sided because of the pre dominating interest in the Arab-Israeli conflict and the economic factors relating to the supply of oil. At the Hamburg Conference, however, the participants concentrated main lyon examining such aspects of the situation as are far too often relegated to the side lines. In order to illustrate what those neglected topics are one should refer to two major examples: 1) the religio-cultural identity of Arabs and Israelis, 2) the tackling of political issues in Arab and Israeli literature.
Neue Forschungen in Afghanistan
Vorträge auf der 5. Arbeitstagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Afghanistan in Mannheim 1.–3. Februar 1979
Häftad, Tyska, 2013
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Moderne Schiitische Politik und Staatsidee
Nach Taufīq al-Fukaikī Muḥammad Ğawād Muġnīya Rūḥullāh Ḫumainī (Khomeyni)
Häftad, Tyska, 2012
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746 kr
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Militär und Entwicklung in der Türkei, 1945–1973
Ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Rolle des Militärs in der Entwicklung der Dritten Welt
Häftad, Tyska, 1978
549 kr
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Es ist das Ziel der hier vorgelegten Studie über die Rolle des Militärs in der Entwicklung der Dritten Welt im allgemeinen sowie in der Türkei im besonderen, die bislang vorliegenden, zum Teil sehr divergierenden Ansätze zur Erklärung der Rolle des Militärs in der Dritten Welt syste matisch darzustellen, kritisch zu diskutieren und anhand einer Fallstu die zu überprüfen. Hierbei galt das erkenntnis leitende Interesse der Frage nach dem (positiven oder negativen) Beitrag des Militärs zur Ent wicklung der Dritten Welt. Die Arbeit wurde im Sommersemester 1976 vom Fachbereich Sozialwissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München als Dissertation angenommen und im Frühjahr 1977 für den Druck nochmals überarbeitet. Mein Dank gilt in erster Linie den Herren Professor Dr. Peter J. Opitz (München), unter dessen wohlwollender und stets um Förderung bemühter Betreuung die Arbeit entstanden ist, und Dr. Friedemann Büttner (München) für zahlreiche kritische Anmerkungen und Anregungen sowie für die Ein sichtnahme in das Manuskript seiner zeitlich parallel entstandenen Studie über den Zusammenhang von Militärherrschaft und Entwicklung. Dank schulde ich ferner den Mitgliedern der Zentralen Kommission für die Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses an der Universität München für die Bereitstellung eines zweijährigen Stipendiums aus Mit teln des Graduiertenförderungsgesetzes sowie Herrn Dr. Udo Steinbach vom Deutschen Orient-Institut Hamburg für die Veröffentlichung der Arbeit in der Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Orient-Instituts.
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The history of relations between the Europan Community and Thrkey has been a sad story, on both sides. Unrealism has been the keynote throughout. What was long overdue by the end of 1987 was to sweep away the past contradictions and tergiversations, and try to make a new start on a more realistic basis. Thrkey has now applied formally to resume as a full member of the Community. How ever, as several chapters of this Report show, there are on both sides great reservations a bout membership, unless this were intended to take place only many years ahead. Political ly, the relationship between the Community and Turkey was damaged by the Cyprus and Aegean problems between Thrkey and Greece. It began to break down already in 1964, and the breach was widened by the events of 1974 in Cyprus, by Greece's ·subsequent rapid ac cession to the Community, and by the military take over in Thrkey in 1980. Since 1980 there has been a slow process of restoration of relations, marked by new elections in November 1983, and a gradual rehabilitation of Turkey's position in the Council of Europe by 1986, as Turkey strove to re-establish its credentials as a democratic state. Economically there were serious complaints on both sides about the working of the As sociation Agreement. In the Community it was feit that the economic policy of Thrkish go vernments prior to 1979 was in contradiction with the purposes of the Agreement.