Springer Series in Computational Mathematics – serie

This book develops a systematic and rigorous mathematical theory of finite difference methods for linear elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations with nonsmooth solutions.Finite difference methods are a classical class of techniques for the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. Traditionally, their convergence analysis presupposes the smoothness of the coefficients, source terms, initial and boundary data, and of the associated solution to the differential equation. This then enables the application of elementary analytical tools to explore their stability and accuracy. The assumptions on the smoothness of the data and of the associated analytical solution are however frequently unrealistic. There is a wealth of boundary – and initial – value problems, arising from various applications in physics and engineering, where the data and the corresponding solution exhibit lack of regularity.In such instances classical techniques for the error analysis of finite difference schemes break down. The objective of this book is to develop the mathematical theory of finite difference schemes for linear partial differential equations with nonsmooth solutions.Analysis of Finite Difference Schemes is aimed at researchers and graduate students interested in the mathematical theory of numerical methods for the approximate solution of partial differential equations.

This book develops a systematic and rigorous mathematical theory of finite difference methods for linear elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations with nonsmooth solutions.Finite difference methods are a classical class of techniques for the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. Traditionally, their convergence analysis presupposes the smoothness of the coefficients, source terms, initial and boundary data, and of the associated solution to the differential equation. This then enables the application of elementary analytical tools to explore their stability and accuracy. The assumptions on the smoothness of the data and of the associated analytical solution are however frequently unrealistic. There is a wealth of boundary – and initial – value problems, arising from various applications in physics and engineering, where the data and the corresponding solution exhibit lack of regularity.In such instances classical techniques for the error analysis of finite difference schemes break down. The objective of this book is to develop the mathematical theory of finite difference schemes for linear partial differential equations with nonsmooth solutions.Analysis of Finite Difference Schemes is aimed at researchers and graduate students interested in the mathematical theory of numerical methods for the approximate solution of partial differential equations.

Many mathematicians, scientists, and engineers are familiar with the Fast Fourier Transform, a method based upon the Discrete Fourier Transform. Perhaps not so many mathematicians, scientists, and engineers recognize that the Discrete Fourier Transform is one of a family of symbolic formulae called Sinc methods. Sinc methods are based upon the Sinc function, a wavelet-like function replete with identities which yield approximations to all classes of computational problems. Such problems include problems over finite, semi-infinite, or infinite domains, problems with singularities, and boundary layer problems. Written by the principle authority on the subject, this book introduces Sinc methods to the world of computation. It serves as an excellent research sourcebook as well as a textbook which uses analytic functions to derive Sinc methods for the advanced numerical analysis and applied approximation theory classrooms. Problem sections and historical notes are included.

Designed to give a contemporary international survey of research activities in approximation theory and special functions, this book brings together the work of approximation theorists from North America, Western Europe, Asia, Russia, the Ukraine, and several other former Soviet countries. Contents include: results dealing with q-hypergeometric functions, differencehypergeometric functions and basic hypergeometric series with Schur function argument; the theory of orthogonal polynomials and expansions, including generalizations of Szegö type asymptotics and connections with Jacobi matrices; the convergence theory for Padé and Hermite-Padé approximants, with emphasis on techniques from potential theory; material on wavelets and fractals and their relationship to invariant measures and nonlinear approximation; generalizations of de Brange's in equality for univalent functions in a quasi-orthogonal Hilbert space setting; applications of results concerning approximation by entire functions and the problem of analytic continuation; and other topics.

Research on non-standard finite element methods is evolving rapidly and in this text Brezzi and Fortin give a general framework in which the development is taking place. The presentation is built around a few classic examples: Dirichlet's problem, Stokes problem, Linear elasticity. The authors provide with this publication an analysis of the methods in order to understand their properties as thoroughly as possible.

The subject of this book is the introduction and application of a new measure for smoothness offunctions. Though we have both previously published some articles in this direction, the results given here are new. Much of the work was done in the summer of 1984 in Edmonton when we consolidated earlier ideas and worked out most of the details of the text. It took another year and a half to improve and polish many of the theorems. We express our gratitude to Paul Nevai and Richard Varga for their encouragement. We thank NSERC of Canada for its valuable support. We also thank Christine Fischer and Laura Heiland for their careful typing of our manuscript. z. Ditzian V. Totik CONTENTS Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PART I. THE MODULUS OF SMOOTHNESS Chapter 1. Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1. Notations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2. Discussion of Some Conditions on cp(x). . . . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . • • . 8 . . . • . 1.3. Examples of Various Step-Weight Functions cp(x) . . • . . • . . • . . • . . . 9 . . • Chapter 2. The K-Functional and the Modulus of Continuity ... . ... 10 2.1. The Equivalence Theorem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . 2.2. The Upper Estimate, Kr.tp(f, tr)p ~ Mw;(f, t)p, Case I . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . 2.3. The Upper Estimate of the K-Functional, The Other Cases. . . . . . . . . . 16 . 2.4. The Lower Estimate for the K-Functional. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . Chapter 3. K-Functionals and Moduli of Smoothness, Other Forms. 24 3.1. A Modified K-Functional. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Forward and Backward Differences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . 3.3. Main-Part Modulus of Smoothness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . .

ELLP ACK is a many faceted system for solving elliptic partial differential equations. It is a forerunner of the very high level, problem solving environments or expert systems that will become common in the next decade. While it is still far removed from the goals of the future, it is also far advanced compared to the Fortran library approach in common current use. Many people will find ELLP ACK an easy way to solve simple or moderately complex elliptic problems. Others will be able to solve really hard problems by digging a little deeper into ELLP ACK. ELLP ACK is a research tool for the study of numerical methods for solving elliptic problems. Its original purpose was for the evaluation and comparison of numerical software for elliptic problems. Simple examples of this use are given in Chapters 9-11. The general conclusion is that there are many ways to solve most elliptic problems, there are large differences in their efficiency and the most common ways are often less efficient, sometimes dramatically so.

This book is devoted to the mathematical analysis of the numerical solution of boundary integral equations treating boundary value, transmission and contact problems arising in elasticity, acoustic and electromagnetic scattering. It serves as the mathematical foundation of the boundary element methods (BEM) both for static and dynamic problems. The book  presents a systematic approach to the variational methods for boundary integral equations including the treatment with variational inequalities for contact problems. It also features adaptive BEM, hp-version BEM, coupling of finite and boundary element methods – efficient computational tools that have become extremely popular in applications.Familiarizing readers with tools like Mellin transformation and pseudodifferential operators as well as convex and nonsmooth analysis for variational inequalities, it concisely presents efficient, state-of-the-art boundary element approximations and points to up-to-date research.The authors are well known for their fundamental work on boundary elements and related topics, and this book is a major contribution to the modern theory of the BEM (especially for error controlled adaptive methods and for unilateral contact and dynamic problems) and is a valuable resource for applied mathematicians, engineers, scientists and graduate students.

Special numerical techniques are already needed to deal with n × n matrices for large n. Tensor data are of size n × n ×...× n=nd, where nd exceeds the computer memory by far. Since standard methods fail, a particular tensor calculus is needed to treat such problems.

Special numerical techniques are already needed to deal with n × n matrices for large n. Tensor data are of size n × n ×...× n=nd, where nd exceeds the computer memory by far. Since standard methods fail, a particular tensor calculus is needed to treat such problems.

This book aims to give an encyclopedic overview of the state-of-the-art of Krylov subspace iterative methods for solving nonsymmetric systems of algebraic linear equations and to study their mathematical properties.

This book aims to give an encyclopedic overview of the state-of-the-art of Krylov subspace iterative methods for solving nonsymmetric systems of algebraic linear equations and to study their mathematical properties.

Chapter six, on multivalue methods, gives a traditional review of linear multistep methods and expands this to general linear methods, for which the B-series approach is both natural and essential.

Chapter six, on multivalue methods, gives a traditional review of linear multistep methods and expands this to general linear methods, for which the B-series approach is both natural and essential.

Lattice rules are a powerful and popular form of quasi-Monte Carlo rules based on multidimensional integration lattices.

Lattice rules are a powerful and popular form of quasi-Monte Carlo rules based on multidimensional integration lattices. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject with detailed explanations of the basic concepts and the current methods used in research. This comprises, for example, error analysis in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, fast component-by-component constructions, the curse of dimensionality and tractability, weighted integration and approximation problems, and applications of lattice rules.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of time domain boundary integral equations and their discretisation by convolution quadrature and the boundary element method.Properties of convolution quadrature, based on both linear multistep and Runge–Kutta methods, are explained in detail, always with wave propagation problems in mind. Main algorithms for implementing the discrete schemes are described and illustrated by short Matlab codes; translation to other languages can be found on the accompanying GitHub page. The codes are used to present numerous numerical examples to give the reader a feeling for the qualitative behaviour of the discrete schemes in practice. Applications to acoustic and electromagnetic scattering are described with an emphasis on the acoustic case where the fully discrete schemes for sound-soft and sound-hard scattering are developed and analysed in detail. A strength of the book is that more advanced applications such as linear and non-linear impedance boundary conditions and FEM/BEM coupling are also covered. While the focus is on wave scattering, a chapter on parabolic problems is included which also covers the relevant fast and oblivious algorithms. Finally, a brief description of data sparse techniques and modified convolution quadrature methods completes the book.Suitable for graduate students and above, this book is essentially self-contained, with background in mathematical analysis listed in the appendix along with other useful facts. Although not strictly necessary, some familiarity with boundary integral equations for steady state problems is desirable.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of time domain boundary integral equations and their discretisation by convolution quadrature and the boundary element method.Properties of convolution quadrature, based on both linear multistep and Runge–Kutta methods, are explained in detail, always with wave propagation problems in mind. Main algorithms for implementing the discrete schemes are described and illustrated by short Matlab codes; translation to other languages can be found on the accompanying GitHub page. The codes are used to present numerous numerical examples to give the reader a feeling for the qualitative behaviour of the discrete schemes in practice. Applications to acoustic and electromagnetic scattering are described with an emphasis on the acoustic case where the fully discrete schemes for sound-soft and sound-hard scattering are developed and analysed in detail. A strength of the book is that more advanced applications such as linear and non-linear impedance boundary conditions and FEM/BEM coupling are also covered. While the focus is on wave scattering, a chapter on parabolic problems is included which also covers the relevant fast and oblivious algorithms. Finally, a brief description of data sparse techniques and modified convolution quadrature methods completes the book.Suitable for graduate students and above, this book is essentially self-contained, with background in mathematical analysis listed in the appendix along with other useful facts. Although not strictly necessary, some familiarity with boundary integral equations for steady state problems is desirable.

This book is about the theory of so-called Schwarz methods for solving variational problems in a Hilbert space V arising from linear equations and their associated quadratic minimization problems.

This book is about the theory of so-called Schwarz methods for solving variational problems in a Hilbert space V arising from linear equations and their associated quadratic minimization problems. Schwarz methods are based on the construction of a sequence of approximate solutions by solving auxiliary variational problems on a set of (smaller, finite-dimensional) Hilbert spaces $V_i$ in a certain order, combining them, and using the combined approximations in an iterative procedure. The spaces $V_i$ form a so-called space splitting for V, they need not necessarily be subspaces of V, and their number can be finite or infinite.The convergence behavior of Schwarz methods is influenced by certain properties of the space splittings they are based on. These properties are identified, and a detailed treatment of traditional deterministic and more recent greedy and stochastic orderings in the subproblem solution process is given, together with an investigation of accelerated methods. To illustrate the abstract theory, the numerical linear algebra analogs of the iterative methods covered in the book are discussed. Its standard application to the convergence theory of multilevel and domain decomposition methods for solving PDE problems is explained, and links to optimization theory and online learning algorithms are given.Providing an introduction and overview of iterative methods which are based on problem decompositions and suitable for parallel and distributed computing, the book could serve as the basis for a one- or two-semester course for M.S. and Ph.D. students specializing in numerical analysis and scientific computing. It will also appeal to a wide range of researchers interested in scientific computing in the broadest sense.

This book offers the first comprehensive account of how the logarithmic norm is used for matrices, nonlinear maps and linear differential operators, with a focus on initial and boundary value problems.Complementing the usual operator norm, the logarithmic norm is a versatile tool which provides unique additional information on the magnitude of an operator. It is instrumental in the stability theory of dynamical systems and in the theory of elliptic operator equations. The text adopts a unified approach to address a wide range of themes in applied mathematics. It explores the role of the logarithmic norm in scientific computing, compares the operator bounds with those of spectral theory, and illustrates the theory with classical models from science and engineering. Many previously unpublished results are presented alongside established material, supporting researchers in applied mathematics and computational engineering who seek a systematic approach to stability and perturbation bounds in initial value problems, boundary value problems and partial differential equations. Primarily intended as a reference text, the book can also serve as a graduate text for PhD students.

This book offers the first comprehensive account of how the logarithmic norm is used for matrices, nonlinear maps and linear differential operators, with a focus on initial and boundary value problems.Complementing the usual operator norm, the logarithmic norm is a versatile tool which provides unique additional information on the magnitude of an operator. It is instrumental in the stability theory of dynamical systems and in the theory of elliptic operator equations. The text adopts a unified approach to address a wide range of themes in applied mathematics. It explores the role of the logarithmic norm in scientific computing, compares the operator bounds with those of spectral theory, and illustrates the theory with classical models from science and engineering. Many previously unpublished results are presented alongside established material, supporting researchers in applied mathematics and computational engineering who seek a systematic approach to stability and perturbation bounds in initial value problems, boundary value problems and partial differential equations. Primarily intended as a reference text, the book can also serve as a graduate text for PhD students.

This book offers a comprehensive presentation of numerical methods for elliptic boundary value problems that satisfy discrete maximum principles (DMPs). Starting with the Poisson problem, the focus is on convection-diffusion-reaction problems with dominant convection, a situation which leads to a numerical problem with multi-scale character.

This book offers a comprehensive presentation of numerical methods for elliptic boundary value problems that satisfy discrete maximum principles (DMPs). The satisfaction of DMPs ensures that numerical solutions possess physically admissible values, which is of utmost importance in numerous applications. A general framework for the proofs of monotonicity and discrete maximum principles is developed for both linear and nonlinear discretizations. Starting with the Poisson problem, the focus is on convection-diffusion-reaction problems with dominant convection, a situation which leads to a numerical problem with multi-scale character. The emphasis of this book is on finite element methods, where classical (usually linear) and modern nonlinear discretizations are presented in a unified way. In addition, popular finite difference and finite volume methods are discussed. Besides DMPs, other important properties of the methods, like convergence, are studied. Proofs are presented step by step, allowing readers to understand the analytic techniques more easily. Numerical examples illustrate the behavior of the methods.

This book presents a systematic approach to the numerical analysis of several carefully selected classes of optimal control problems governed by elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). A priori error estimates for the discretization error between the optimal solutions of the continuous and discretized problems are derived, and numerical experiments are included to illustrate the results.The proofs are presented in a structured and accessible manner, facilitating a clear understanding of the techniques used. The necessary results from functional analysis and elliptic PDE theory are provided in a self-contained way. Essential aspects of finite element theory—including some results newly established by the author(s)—are also covered, with all relevant proofs provided in full detail.Portions of the material have been successfully used in graduate-level courses and seminars, as well as in Master’s and PhD theses. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in finite element analysis and/or optimal control problems involving PDEs.

The description of many interesting phenomena in science and engineering leads to infinite-dimensional minimization or evolution problems that define nonlinear partial differential equations.

The subject of the book is the mathematical theory of the discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM), which is a relatively new technique for the numerical solution of partial differential equations.

This book offers a thoroughand self-contained exposition of the mathematics of time-domain boundaryintegral equations associated to the wave equation, including applications toscattering of acoustic and elastic waves. The book offers two differentapproaches for the analysis of these integral equations, including asystematic treatment of their numerical discretization using Galerkin(Boundary Element) methods in the space variables and ConvolutionQuadrature in the time variable. The first approach follows classical workstarted in the late eighties, based on Laplace transforms estimates. Thisapproach has been refined and made more accessible by tailoring thenecessary mathematical tools, avoiding an excess of generality. A secondapproach contains a novel point of view that the author and some of hiscollaborators have been developing in recent years, using the semigrouptheory of evolution equations to obtain improved results. The extension toelectromagnetic waves is explained in one of the appendices.

The description of many interesting phenomena in science and engineering leads to infinite-dimensional minimization or evolution problems that define nonlinear partial differential equations.