The ACL or anterior cruciate ligament is the most important ligament in the knee. When it is completely torn, it can lead to instability or buckling of the knee. There are several options to choose from when selecting a graft for ACL reconstruction such as using autografts including patellar tendon, hamstring tendon, and quadriceps tendon, and allografts (also known as donor tissue or cadaver tissue). Artificial ligaments are also discussed since they are still used in Europe and Asia. This book summarizes the pros and cons of each graft option in detail.

This book covers the full scope of biochemical sensors and offers a survey of the principles, design and applications of the most popular types of biosensing devices. It is presented in 19 chapters, written by 20 distinguished scientists as well as their co-workers. The topics include the design of signal transducers, signal tags and signal amplification strategies, the structure of biosensing interfaces with new biorecognition elements such as aptamers and DNAzymes, and different newly emerging nanomaterials such as Au nanoclusters, carbon nitride, silicon, upconversion nanoparticles and two-dimensional materials, and the applications in wearable detections, biofuel cells, biomarker analyses, bioimaging, single cell analysis and in vivo sensing.By discussing recent advances, it is hoped this book will bridge the common gap between research literature and standard textbooks. Research into biochemical sensors and their biomedical applications is proceeding in a number of exciting directions, as reflected by the content. This book is published in honor of the 90th birthday of Professor Shaojun Dong, who performed many pioneering studies on modified electrodes and biochemical biosensors.

With the alarming increase in cancer diagnoses and genetic illnesses, traditional drug agents and their delivery media need to be re-evaluated to address a quickly evolving field. With newer smart materials for the controlled release of macromolecules, peptides, genetic material, etc. further complications arise, such as material performance, synthesis, functionalization and targeting, biological identity, and biocompatibility.The book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments on "smart" targeting and drug delivery systems with a variety of carriers like nanoparticles, membranes, and hydrogels. It contains detailed descriptions on the recent trends in this field in the ongoing battle with catastrophic diseases like cancer. This field of research has been in its infancy and continues to face growth, and with it, further challenges and difficulties along the way toward maturity, which are accurately introduced in this book.

The ACL or anterior cruciate ligament is the most important ligament in the knee. When it is completely torn, it can lead to instability or buckling of the knee. There are several options to choose from when selecting a graft for ACL reconstruction such as using autografts including patellar tendon, hamstring tendon, and quadriceps tendon, and allografts (also known as donor tissue or cadaver tissue). Artificial ligaments are also discussed since they are still used in Europe and Asia. This book summarizes the pros and cons of each graft option in detail.

This book covers the full scope of biochemical sensors and offers a survey of the principles, design and applications of the most popular types of biosensing devices. It is presented in 19 chapters, written by 20 distinguished scientists as well as their co-workers. The topics include the design of signal transducers, signal tags and signal amplification strategies, the structure of biosensing interfaces with new biorecognition elements such as aptamers and DNAzymes, and different newly emerging nanomaterials such as Au nanoclusters, carbon nitride, silicon, upconversion nanoparticles and two-dimensional materials, and the applications in wearable detections, biofuel cells, biomarker analyses, bioimaging, single cell analysis and in vivo sensing.By discussing recent advances, it is hoped this book will bridge the common gap between research literature and standard textbooks. Research into biochemical sensors and their biomedical applications is proceeding in a number of exciting directions, as reflected by the content. This book is published in honor of the 90th birthday of Professor Shaojun Dong, who performed many pioneering studies on modified electrodes and biochemical biosensors.

With the alarming increase in cancer diagnoses and genetic illnesses, traditional drug agents and their delivery media need to be re-evaluated to address a quickly evolving field. With newer smart materials for the controlled release of macromolecules, peptides, genetic material, etc. further complications arise, such as material performance, synthesis, functionalization and targeting, biological identity, and biocompatibility.The book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments on "smart" targeting and drug delivery systems with a variety of carriers like nanoparticles, membranes, and hydrogels. It contains detailed descriptions on the recent trends in this field in the ongoing battle with catastrophic diseases like cancer. This field of research has been in its infancy and continues to face growth, and with it, further challenges and difficulties along the way toward maturity, which are accurately introduced in this book.