Bones and Cartilage

I have been interested in and studying skeletal tissues since my undergraduate days in Australia in the 1960s. Those early studies on the development of secondary cartilage in embryonic birds, first published in 1967, have come full circle with the discovery of secondary cartilage in dinosaurs12. Bird watching really is flying reptile watching. Skeletal tissue development and evolution, the embryonic origins of skeletal tissues (especially those that arise from neural crest cells), and integrating development and evolution in what is now known as evo-devo have been my primary preoccupations over the past 50+ years.

"...gives an updated impressive overview that integrates development and evolution of the skeleton and covers of a tremendous wealth of various topics...An impressive achievement that sets standards." --Bulletin of Fish Biology "I would recommend this book for all graduate students in the health sciences, and as a dentist I would specifically recommend it to the dental specialties: orthodontists, endodontists, oral surgeons, periodontists, and oral pathologists. The information is presented in a clear concise manner with ample figures and extensive references. As a practicing periodontist with over 30 years of experience, I have found this book both useful and engaging. It now has a prominent position among my desk reference books. It is one that I will visit on a regular and frequent basis." --William Stenberg, DDS, MS, MPH, Diplomate of the American Board of Periodontology Rockmore-King Clinic Kodiak, AK, USA"This is the book that will set the standard for the field for decades to come. It covers everything from the elementary to the highly sophisticated and the obscure detail. This is a great resource!" –Gunter Wagner, Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University

• Part I Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues1. Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues2. Bone3. Vertebrate CartilagesPart II Origins and Types of Skeletal Tissues4. Invertebrate Cartilages, Notochordal Cartilage and Cartilage Origins5. Intermediate Tissues6. Lessons from FossilsPart III Unusual Modes of Skeletogenesis7. Horns and Ossicones8. Antlers9. Tendon Skeletogenesis and SesamoidsPart IV Stem and Progenitor Cells10. Embryonic Stem and Progenitor Cells11. Stem and Progenitor Cells in AdultsPart V Skeletogenic Cells12. Bipotential Osteochondroprogenitor Cells13. Dedifferentiation of Chondrocytes and Endochondral Ossification14. Dedifferentiation and Stem Cells: Regeneration of Urodele Limbs and Mammalian Fingertips15. Cells to Make and Cells to BreakPart VI Embryonic Origins16. Skeletal Origins: Somitic Mesoderm, Vertebrae, Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles17. Skeletal Origins: Neural Crest Cells18. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions initiate SkeletogenesisPart VII Getting Started19. The Membranous Skeleton: Condensations20. From Condensation to Differentiation21. Skulls, Eyes and Ears: Condensations and Tissue InteractionsPart VIII Similarity and Diversity22. Hondrocyte Diversity23. Cartilage Diversity24. Osteoblast and Osteocyte Diversity and Osteogenesis in vitro25. Diversity of Bone as a Tissue and as an OrganPart IX Maintaining Cartilage in Good Times and in Bad26. Maintaining Differentiated Chondrocytes through Cell–Matrix Interactions27. Maintenance Awry – Chondrodysplasias and Achondroplasia28. Restarting Mammalian Articular Chondrocytes29. Repair of Fractures and Regeneration of Growth PlatesPart X Growing Together and Growing Apart30. Initiating Skeletal Growth31. Growth and Morphogenesis of Long Bones32. Long Bone Growth: A Case of Crying Wolf?Part XI Staying Apart33. The Temporomandibular Joint and Cranial Synchondroses34. Sutures and CraniosynostosisPart XII Limb Buds35. The Mesodermal Limb Field and the Apical Epithelial Ridge36. Adding or Deleting an Apical Epithelial Ridge37. Limb Buds in Limbed and Limbless TetrapodsPart XIII Limbs and Limb Skeletons38. Axes and Polarity of Limb Buds and Limbs39. Patterning and Shaping Limb Buds and Limb Skeletons40. Before Limbs There Were FinsPart XIV Backbones and Tails41. Vertebral Chondrogenesis: Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis42. Relationships between Notochord and Vertebral Cartilage43. Tail Buds, Tails and TaillessnessPart XV Evolutionary Skeletal Biology44. Variation45. Variation Outside the Norm: Neomorphs and Atavisms