The Neurology of Consciousness

Steven Laureys, MD PhD, is director of the Coma Science Group at the Neurology Department and Cyclotron Research Centre of the University Hospital and University of Liège, Belgium. He is research director at the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research and clinical professor and board-certified in neurology and in palliative medicine. His team studies the neural basis of human consciousness (coma, anesthesia, hypnosis and sleep). He assesses the recovery of neurological disability and neuronal plasticity in acquired brain injury (e.g., comatose, “vegetative”/unresponsive, minimally conscious and locked-in syndromes) confronting clinical expertise and behavioral evaluation with multimodal neuroimaging (positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and electrophysiology studies (electroencephalography coupled to transcranial magnetic stimulation) and also deals with the ethical implications of this translational clinical research. He is chair of the World Federation of Neurology Applied Research Group on Coma and the European Academy of Neurology Subcommittee on Disorders of Consciousness. He is recipient of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society Young Investigator Award, the William James Prize (Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness) and the Blaise Pascal Medal of Medicine of the European Academy of Sciences. He has written 4 books and over 300 scientific papers on the subject of disorders of consciousness (H-index 65). Olivia Gosseries, PhD, is currently doing a post-doctoral research at the University of Madison at the Center for Sleep and Consciousness of Pr Tononi and Postle Laboratory of Pr Postle. She is working on consciousness and working memory using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). She received her Ph.D. in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences at the Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège in Belgium under the menthorship of Pr Laureys. She worked on the development of markers of consciousness to improve diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients with disorders of consciousness. Her work has led to more than 50 publications in international peer-reviewed journals and she recently received the Young Investigator Award from the International Brain Injury Association. Giulio Tononi, MD PhD is a psychiatrist and neuroscientist in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. He is the director of the Center for Sleep and Consciousness at the University of Wisconsin, which focuses on the function of sleep and the nature of consciousness.. Together with his collaborators, he has been developing and testing a comprehensive hypothesis on the function of sleep, the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis. Research on consciousness has led to the integrated information theory, which tries to account for what consciousness is, how it can be measured, and how it is realized in the brain.He received the NIH Director’s Pioneer Award, the John W. Severinghaus Award, the Pisa Sleep Award and he holds the David P. White Chair in Sleep Medicine, as well as a Distinguished Professor in Consciousness Science.

• Section 1: Basics1. Neuroanatomical and basis of consciousnessHal Blumenfeld2. Functional Neuroimaging and ElectrophysiologyMarcello Massimini and Olivia Gosseries 3. Consciousness and SynchronizationAndreas Engel and Pascal Fries 4. Studying the Neural Correlates of Visual ConsciousnessGeraint Rees5. Consciousness and AttentionNaotsugu Tsuchiya and Christof Koch Section 2: Waking, Sleep, and Anesthesia6. Intrinsic Brain Activity and ConsciousnessAthena Demertzi7. Sleep and DreamingFrancesca Siclari and Giulio Tononi 8. Focal Brain Lesions and Disturbances of ConsciousnessClaudio L. Bassetti9. General AnesthesiaGeorge MashourSection 3: Coma and Related Conditions10. Coma and Vegetative StateAdrian M. Owen, Steven Laureys and Nicholas Schiff 11. Minimally Conscious StateCaroline Schnakers and Joseph Giacino 12. Locked-in SyndromeSteven Laureys13. DementiaPietro Pietrini, Eric Salmon and Paul Nichelli 14. Brain Computer InterfacesAndrea Kübler and Donatella Mattia 15. NeuroethicsJoseph FinsSection 4: Seizures, Splits, Neglects, and Assorted Disorders 16. Epileptic Loss of ConsciousnessHal Blumenfeld17. Split BrainMichael Gazzaniga and Michael Miller 18. Blindsight, Agnosia, Neglect and CapgrasLionel Naccache19. Conversion DisordersPatrik Vuilleumier20. Out of Body and Near Death ExperiencesOlaf Blanke21. MemoryBradley R. Postle22. Transient Global AmnesiaChris Butler and Adam Zeman 23. Aphasia and ConsciousnessPaolo Frigio Nichelli24. Blindness and ConsciousnessRon Kupers and Pietro Pietrini 25. OverviewSteven Laureys, Giulio Tononi and Olivia Gosseries