Pangolins

Daniel W.S. Challender has been active in pangolin conservation for about ten years and re-formed and currently chairs the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group. Helen C. Nash has been studying pangolins for the past six years with a focus on local status, genetics, and urban ecology and is Vice-Chair of the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group. Carly Waterman has been active in pangolin conservation for eight years. She is the Zoological Society of London’s Pangolin Technical Specialist and serves as Program Officer and Red List Coordinator for the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group.

• SECTION 1 - PART 1: WHAT IS A PANGOLIN? EVOLUTION, PHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMYOverview1. Evolution and morphology2. Phylogeny and SystematicsSECTION 1 - PART 2: WHAT IS A PANGOLIN? BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND STATUS3. The role of pangolins in ecosystems 4. Chinese pangolin Manis pentadactyla (Linnaeus, 1758)5. Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Geoffrey, 1803)6. Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822)7. Philippine pangolin Manis culionensis (de Elera, 1915)8. Black-bellied pangolin Phataginus tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1766)9. White-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis (Rafinesque, 1820)10. Giant pangolin Smutsia gigantea (Illiger, 1815)11. Temminck’s pangolin Smutsia temminckii (Smuts, 1832)SECTION TWO: CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE, USE AND TRADE Overview12. Symbolism, myth and ritual in Africa and Asia 13. Early biogeographies and symbolic use in Europe in the 16th-18th centuries 14. Meat and medicine: historic and contemporary use in Asia15. Bushmeat and beyond: historic and contemporary use in Africa16. International trade and trafficking in pangolins, 1900–2018SECTION THREE: CONSERVATION SOLUTIONS OverviewLaw enforcement and regulation17. Conserving pangolins through international and national regulation and effective law enforcement18. Combatting Illegal Pangolin Trade – A Law Enforcement Practitioner's Perspective19. Addressing trade threats to pangolins in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)20. Understanding illegal trade in pangolins through forensicsAwareness raising and behaviour change21. No Longer a Forgotten Species: History, Key Events, and Lessons Learnt from the Rise of Pangolin Awareness22. Changing consumer behavior for pangolin productsSite-based protection and local community engagement23. Engaging local communities in responses to illegal trade in pangolins: who, why and how?24. Exploring community benefits to reduce illegal wildlife trade using a theory of change approach25. Community conservation in Nepal – opportunities and challenges for pangolin conservation26. The Sunda pangolin in Singapore: a multi-stakeholder approach to research and conservation27. Holistic approaches to protecting a pangolin stronghold in Central AfricaEx situ conservation28. Husbandry of pangolins: lessons and challenges 29. Veterinary health and pangolins 30. The rescue, rehabilitation and release of pangolins31. Zoo Engagement in Pangolin Conservation: Contributions, Opportunities, Challenges, and the Way Forward32. Evaluating the impact of pangolin farming on conservationConservation planning, research and finance33. Conservation strategies and priority actions for pangolins 34. Research needs for pangolins 35. Developing robust ecological monitoring methodologies for pangolin conservation36. Conservation planning and PHVAs in Taiwan37. Leveraging support for pangolin conservation and the potential of innovative finance 38. Supporting pangolin conservation through conservation tourismSECTION FOUR: THE FUTURE 39. Taking pangolin conservation to scale: the IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group and the next 20 years