Li Tao is a Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Southeast University, Nanjing, China. His research interests focus on 2D materials and flexible devices, microsystem and nanoengineering platforms. He is a co-inventor of mono- and multi-layer silicene transistors, 12’’ wafer-scale graphene on evaporated Cu and GHz flexible graphene electronics. Deji Akinwande is Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Texas – Austin, USA. His research explores materials and electronic systems based on 2D atomic layers. He is a co-inventor of a high-frequency chip-to-chip interconnect and an electrically small antenna for bioelectronics

• 1 Two-dimensional materials-based nonvolatile resistive memories and radio frequency switches .......................................................................1Ruijing Ge, Xiaohan Wu, Myungsoo Kim,Jack C. Lee and Deji Akinwande1.1 Introduction to two-dimensionalnonvolatile resistive memory........................ 11.2 Two-dimensional materials preparationand memory device fabrication .................... 31.3 Two-dimensional nonvolatile resistivememory........................................................... 71.4 Switching mechanics ................................... 121.5 MoS2 radio frequency switches .................. 181.6 Summary ...................................................... 25Acknowledgment ................................................ 25References ........................................................... 252 Two-dimensional materials-based radio frequency wireless communication and sensing systems for Internet-of-things applications ..............................................................29Liang Zhu, Mohamed Farhat,Khaled Nabil Salama and Pai-Yen Chen2.1 Introduction .................................................. 292.2 Radio frequency performance oftwo-dimensional transistors........................ 322.3 Frequency mixers and signal modulatorsbased on two-dimensional transistors ....... 452.4 Integrated wireless Internet-of-thingssensors.......................................................... 482.5 Radio frequency energy harvesting usingtwo-dimensional electronic devices ........... 512.6 Conclusion .................................................... 52References ........................................................... 533 Graphene electronic tattoo sensors forpoint-of-care personal health monitoring andhuman_machine interfaces ..................................59Shideh Kabiri Ameri and Liu Wang3.1 Introduction .................................................. 593.2 Theoretical background ............................... 613.3 Fabrication of graphene electronic tattoosensors.......................................................... 653.4 Applications of graphene electronic tattoosensors and effects of the thickness onperformance ................................................. 713.5 Conclusion .................................................... 85References ........................................................... 854 Transition metal dichalcogenides asultrasensitive and high-resolutionbiosensing nodes......................................................87Xiaogan Liang4.1 New opportunities for biosensingdevices .......................................................... 874.2 Electronic biosensors made fromtransition metal dichalcogenides ................ 944.3 Biosensors based on optical andoptoelectronic properties of transition metaldichalcogenides...........................................1034.4 Biosensors based on structural propertiesof transition metal dichalcogenides...........1074.5 Final remarks ...............................................112References ..........................................................1135 Nanophotonics and optoelectronics based ontwo-dimensional MoS2 .........................................121Zilong Wu, Linhan Lin and Yuebing Zheng5.1 MoS2-based nanoplasmonics ....................1215.2 MoS2-based optoelectronics ......................1275.3 Summary .....................................................133References ..........................................................1346 Graphene-based anode materials forlithium-ion batteries ..............................................139Hui Xu, Zhengming Sun and Jian Chen6.1 Introduction .................................................1396.2 Lithium-ion batteries and anodematerials ......................................................1406.3 Graphene and graphene-basedcomposites as anode materials..................1436.4 Conclusion and outlook..............................158References ..........................................................1597 Two-dimensional materials as photoelectrodesin water reduction devices for energyapplications .............................................................165Li Ji, Xingli Zou, Hsien-Yi Hsu, Kai Huang,Na Gao, Hao Zhu, Lin Chen, Qingqing Sun,Peng Zhou and David Wei Zhang7.1 Basic mechanism of solar watersplitting ........................................................1677.2 Design principles of photoelectrochemicalcells for water splitting ...............................1687.3 Two-dimensional materials asconducting channels ...................................1707.4 Two-dimensional materials as chargemediator/separator......................................1727.5 Two-dimensional materials ascocatalysts ...................................................1747.6 Two-dimensional materials as otherroles..............................................................1767.7 Summary and perspectives........................177References ..........................................................1778 Two-dimensional Xenes and their deviceconcepts for future micro- and nanoelectronicsand energy applications .......................................181Carlo Grazianetti, Christian Martella andAlessandro Molle8.1 Introduction .................................................1818.2 First-generation Xenes................................1838.3 Second-generation Xenes ..........................1958.4 Perspectives and conclusion ......................207References ..........................................................2089 Piezoelectric one- to two-dimensionalnanomaterials for vibration energyharvesting devices .................................................221Ruijian Zhu and Zengmei Wang9.1 Introduction .................................................2219.2 Preparation and characterization ofpiezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterials .............2239.3 Piezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterial forenergy harvesting .......................................2299.4 Conclusion ...................................................240Acknowledgment ...............................................240References ..........................................................24010 Nanocomposite materials fornano-electronic-based Internet of thingssensors and energy device signaling .............243Congyue Liu, Bailin Tian and Mengning Ding10.1 Introduction .............................................24310.2 Nanocomposite materials forchemical sensory devices andInternet of things.....................................24510.3 Electronic sensing and signaling forsustainable energy devices ....................263References ..........................................................28511 Prospects and challenges in low-dimensionalmaterials and devices for Internet ofthings .......................................................................291Anhan Liu, Siyao Jiang, Zhengrui Zhu,Sixin Zhang, Dingxuan Kang and Li Tao11.1 Flexible and wearable devices forInternet of things.....................................29211.2 Human_machine interface devicesfor Internet of things ...............................29711.3 Two-dimensional multifunctionaldevice node for Internet of things..........30511.4 Sustainable energy devices forInternet of things.....................................31311.5 5G/6G technology engaging withInternet of things.....................................319References ..........................................................323Index..................................................................... 329

Li Tao is a Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Southeast University, Nanjing, China. His research interests focus on 2D materials and flexible devices, microsystem and nanoengineering platforms. He is a co-inventor of mono- and multi-layer silicene transistors, 12’’ wafer-scale graphene on evaporated Cu and GHz flexible graphene electronics. Deji Akinwande is Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Texas – Austin, USA. His research explores materials and electronic systems based on 2D atomic layers. He is a co-inventor of a high-frequency chip-to-chip interconnect and an electrically small antenna for bioelectronics

• 1 Two-dimensional materials-based nonvolatile resistive memories and radio frequency switches .......................................................................1Ruijing Ge, Xiaohan Wu, Myungsoo Kim,Jack C. Lee and Deji Akinwande1.1 Introduction to two-dimensionalnonvolatile resistive memory........................ 11.2 Two-dimensional materials preparationand memory device fabrication .................... 31.3 Two-dimensional nonvolatile resistivememory........................................................... 71.4 Switching mechanics ................................... 121.5 MoS2 radio frequency switches .................. 181.6 Summary ...................................................... 25Acknowledgment ................................................ 25References ........................................................... 252 Two-dimensional materials-based radio frequency wireless communication and sensing systems for Internet-of-things applications ..............................................................29Liang Zhu, Mohamed Farhat,Khaled Nabil Salama and Pai-Yen Chen2.1 Introduction .................................................. 292.2 Radio frequency performance oftwo-dimensional transistors........................ 322.3 Frequency mixers and signal modulatorsbased on two-dimensional transistors ....... 452.4 Integrated wireless Internet-of-thingssensors.......................................................... 482.5 Radio frequency energy harvesting usingtwo-dimensional electronic devices ........... 512.6 Conclusion .................................................... 52References ........................................................... 533 Graphene electronic tattoo sensors forpoint-of-care personal health monitoring andhuman_machine interfaces ..................................59Shideh Kabiri Ameri and Liu Wang3.1 Introduction .................................................. 593.2 Theoretical background ............................... 613.3 Fabrication of graphene electronic tattoosensors.......................................................... 653.4 Applications of graphene electronic tattoosensors and effects of the thickness onperformance ................................................. 713.5 Conclusion .................................................... 85References ........................................................... 854 Transition metal dichalcogenides asultrasensitive and high-resolutionbiosensing nodes......................................................87Xiaogan Liang4.1 New opportunities for biosensingdevices .......................................................... 874.2 Electronic biosensors made fromtransition metal dichalcogenides ................ 944.3 Biosensors based on optical andoptoelectronic properties of transition metaldichalcogenides...........................................1034.4 Biosensors based on structural propertiesof transition metal dichalcogenides...........1074.5 Final remarks ...............................................112References ..........................................................1135 Nanophotonics and optoelectronics based ontwo-dimensional MoS2 .........................................121Zilong Wu, Linhan Lin and Yuebing Zheng5.1 MoS2-based nanoplasmonics ....................1215.2 MoS2-based optoelectronics ......................1275.3 Summary .....................................................133References ..........................................................1346 Graphene-based anode materials forlithium-ion batteries ..............................................139Hui Xu, Zhengming Sun and Jian Chen6.1 Introduction .................................................1396.2 Lithium-ion batteries and anodematerials ......................................................1406.3 Graphene and graphene-basedcomposites as anode materials..................1436.4 Conclusion and outlook..............................158References ..........................................................1597 Two-dimensional materials as photoelectrodesin water reduction devices for energyapplications .............................................................165Li Ji, Xingli Zou, Hsien-Yi Hsu, Kai Huang,Na Gao, Hao Zhu, Lin Chen, Qingqing Sun,Peng Zhou and David Wei Zhang7.1 Basic mechanism of solar watersplitting ........................................................1677.2 Design principles of photoelectrochemicalcells for water splitting ...............................1687.3 Two-dimensional materials asconducting channels ...................................1707.4 Two-dimensional materials as chargemediator/separator......................................1727.5 Two-dimensional materials ascocatalysts ...................................................1747.6 Two-dimensional materials as otherroles..............................................................1767.7 Summary and perspectives........................177References ..........................................................1778 Two-dimensional Xenes and their deviceconcepts for future micro- and nanoelectronicsand energy applications .......................................181Carlo Grazianetti, Christian Martella andAlessandro Molle8.1 Introduction .................................................1818.2 First-generation Xenes................................1838.3 Second-generation Xenes ..........................1958.4 Perspectives and conclusion ......................207References ..........................................................2089 Piezoelectric one- to two-dimensionalnanomaterials for vibration energyharvesting devices .................................................221Ruijian Zhu and Zengmei Wang9.1 Introduction .................................................2219.2 Preparation and characterization ofpiezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterials .............2239.3 Piezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterial forenergy harvesting .......................................2299.4 Conclusion ...................................................240Acknowledgment ...............................................240References ..........................................................24010 Nanocomposite materials fornano-electronic-based Internet of thingssensors and energy device signaling .............243Congyue Liu, Bailin Tian and Mengning Ding10.1 Introduction .............................................24310.2 Nanocomposite materials forchemical sensory devices andInternet of things.....................................24510.3 Electronic sensing and signaling forsustainable energy devices ....................263References ..........................................................28511 Prospects and challenges in low-dimensionalmaterials and devices for Internet ofthings .......................................................................291Anhan Liu, Siyao Jiang, Zhengrui Zhu,Sixin Zhang, Dingxuan Kang and Li Tao11.1 Flexible and wearable devices forInternet of things.....................................29211.2 Human_machine interface devicesfor Internet of things ...............................29711.3 Two-dimensional multifunctionaldevice node for Internet of things..........30511.4 Sustainable energy devices forInternet of things.....................................31311.5 5G/6G technology engaging withInternet of things.....................................319References ..........................................................323Index..................................................................... 329

Li Tao is a Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Southeast University, Nanjing, China. His research interests focus on 2D materials and flexible devices, microsystem and nanoengineering platforms. He is a co-inventor of mono- and multi-layer silicene transistors, 12’’ wafer-scale graphene on evaporated Cu and GHz flexible graphene electronics. Deji Akinwande is Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Texas – Austin, USA. His research explores materials and electronic systems based on 2D atomic layers. He is a co-inventor of a high-frequency chip-to-chip interconnect and an electrically small antenna for bioelectronics

• 1 Two-dimensional materials-based nonvolatile resistive memories and radio frequency switches .......................................................................1Ruijing Ge, Xiaohan Wu, Myungsoo Kim,Jack C. Lee and Deji Akinwande1.1 Introduction to two-dimensionalnonvolatile resistive memory........................ 11.2 Two-dimensional materials preparationand memory device fabrication .................... 31.3 Two-dimensional nonvolatile resistivememory........................................................... 71.4 Switching mechanics ................................... 121.5 MoS2 radio frequency switches .................. 181.6 Summary ...................................................... 25Acknowledgment ................................................ 25References ........................................................... 252 Two-dimensional materials-based radio frequency wireless communication and sensing systems for Internet-of-things applications ..............................................................29Liang Zhu, Mohamed Farhat,Khaled Nabil Salama and Pai-Yen Chen2.1 Introduction .................................................. 292.2 Radio frequency performance oftwo-dimensional transistors........................ 322.3 Frequency mixers and signal modulatorsbased on two-dimensional transistors ....... 452.4 Integrated wireless Internet-of-thingssensors.......................................................... 482.5 Radio frequency energy harvesting usingtwo-dimensional electronic devices ........... 512.6 Conclusion .................................................... 52References ........................................................... 533 Graphene electronic tattoo sensors forpoint-of-care personal health monitoring andhuman_machine interfaces ..................................59Shideh Kabiri Ameri and Liu Wang3.1 Introduction .................................................. 593.2 Theoretical background ............................... 613.3 Fabrication of graphene electronic tattoosensors.......................................................... 653.4 Applications of graphene electronic tattoosensors and effects of the thickness onperformance ................................................. 713.5 Conclusion .................................................... 85References ........................................................... 854 Transition metal dichalcogenides asultrasensitive and high-resolutionbiosensing nodes......................................................87Xiaogan Liang4.1 New opportunities for biosensingdevices .......................................................... 874.2 Electronic biosensors made fromtransition metal dichalcogenides ................ 944.3 Biosensors based on optical andoptoelectronic properties of transition metaldichalcogenides...........................................1034.4 Biosensors based on structural propertiesof transition metal dichalcogenides...........1074.5 Final remarks ...............................................112References ..........................................................1135 Nanophotonics and optoelectronics based ontwo-dimensional MoS2 .........................................121Zilong Wu, Linhan Lin and Yuebing Zheng5.1 MoS2-based nanoplasmonics ....................1215.2 MoS2-based optoelectronics ......................1275.3 Summary .....................................................133References ..........................................................1346 Graphene-based anode materials forlithium-ion batteries ..............................................139Hui Xu, Zhengming Sun and Jian Chen6.1 Introduction .................................................1396.2 Lithium-ion batteries and anodematerials ......................................................1406.3 Graphene and graphene-basedcomposites as anode materials..................1436.4 Conclusion and outlook..............................158References ..........................................................1597 Two-dimensional materials as photoelectrodesin water reduction devices for energyapplications .............................................................165Li Ji, Xingli Zou, Hsien-Yi Hsu, Kai Huang,Na Gao, Hao Zhu, Lin Chen, Qingqing Sun,Peng Zhou and David Wei Zhang7.1 Basic mechanism of solar watersplitting ........................................................1677.2 Design principles of photoelectrochemicalcells for water splitting ...............................1687.3 Two-dimensional materials asconducting channels ...................................1707.4 Two-dimensional materials as chargemediator/separator......................................1727.5 Two-dimensional materials ascocatalysts ...................................................1747.6 Two-dimensional materials as otherroles..............................................................1767.7 Summary and perspectives........................177References ..........................................................1778 Two-dimensional Xenes and their deviceconcepts for future micro- and nanoelectronicsand energy applications .......................................181Carlo Grazianetti, Christian Martella andAlessandro Molle8.1 Introduction .................................................1818.2 First-generation Xenes................................1838.3 Second-generation Xenes ..........................1958.4 Perspectives and conclusion ......................207References ..........................................................2089 Piezoelectric one- to two-dimensionalnanomaterials for vibration energyharvesting devices .................................................221Ruijian Zhu and Zengmei Wang9.1 Introduction .................................................2219.2 Preparation and characterization ofpiezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterials .............2239.3 Piezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterial forenergy harvesting .......................................2299.4 Conclusion ...................................................240Acknowledgment ...............................................240References ..........................................................24010 Nanocomposite materials fornano-electronic-based Internet of thingssensors and energy device signaling .............243Congyue Liu, Bailin Tian and Mengning Ding10.1 Introduction .............................................24310.2 Nanocomposite materials forchemical sensory devices andInternet of things.....................................24510.3 Electronic sensing and signaling forsustainable energy devices ....................263References ..........................................................28511 Prospects and challenges in low-dimensionalmaterials and devices for Internet ofthings .......................................................................291Anhan Liu, Siyao Jiang, Zhengrui Zhu,Sixin Zhang, Dingxuan Kang and Li Tao11.1 Flexible and wearable devices forInternet of things.....................................29211.2 Human_machine interface devicesfor Internet of things ...............................29711.3 Two-dimensional multifunctionaldevice node for Internet of things..........30511.4 Sustainable energy devices forInternet of things.....................................31311.5 5G/6G technology engaging withInternet of things.....................................319References ..........................................................323Index..................................................................... 329