Conceptual Breakthroughs in The Evolutionary Biology of Aging

Kenneth R. Arnold is a Graduate Researcher at the University of California at Irvine, working with Dr. Michael Rose in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. He is also the Laboratory Stock Manager in the Laboratory of Dr. Michael Rose and Dr. Laurence Mueller at UCI. His studies and area of expertise deal with evolutionary biology and genomic trajectories Michael Rose is a Distinguished Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California at Irvine. Since 2006, he also serves as the Director of the Network for Experimental Research on Evolution. Dr. Rose is widely recognized as a leading researcher in evolutionary biology, specifically the effects of this on aging humans; he published a groundbreaking book on this subject in 1991. In addition to this book publication, Dr. Rose has written hundreds of academic journal papers on evolution, evolutionary biology, and the evolution of aging. John C. Avise is a Distinguished Professor at the University of California at Irvine, and an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. His research utilizes molecular markers to study the ecology and evolution of wild animals on topics ranging from genetic parentage and mating behaviors to gene flow, hybridization, phylogeography, speciation, and phylogeny. He has published more than 340 scientific articles and 25 books on a wide variety of evolutionary genetic topics.

"...serves as an update of the previous volume, and as such is extremely useful…. [C]onsists of 59 short chapters, each defining a standard paradigm and then describing the conceptual breakthrough that transformed it…. [A]n excellent book, distinguished by its high level of intellectual rigor and firm grounding in the evolutionary paradigm, is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand biogerontology.... Its clarity and presentation in easily digestible, bite-sized chunks makes it well suited for university courses on aging." --David Gems, The Quarterly Review of Biology

• 1. Natural Selection is the Ultimate Determinant of Aging2. Basic Mathematics of Selection with Age-Structure and Matching Lab Data3. First Explanation of Aging by Age-Specific Patterns of Selection4. First Proposal of the General Idea of Declining Force of Natural Selection5. Hypotheses for the Evolutionary Genetics of Aging6. Absence of a Lansing effect in Inbred Drosophila7. Presence of Aging in a Fish with Continued Adult Growth8. Mathematical Derivation of the Forces of Natural Selection9. Falsification of the Somatic Mutation Theory10. Falsification of the Translation Error Catastrophe Theory11. Proposal of Experimental Designs to Test Evolutionary Theories of Aging12. Accidental Evolutionary Postponement of Aging13. Experimental Evolution of Accelerated Aging in Tribolium14. Development of Evolutionary Genetics in Age-Structured Populations15. Application of Charlesworth’s Theory to the Evolution of Aging16. Full Development of Evolutionary Genetic Theory for Aging17. Quantitative Genetics tests of Hypotheses for the Evolution of Aging18. Reproducible Mitigation of Aging by Postponing the Decline in Forces of Natural Selection19. Discovery and Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants with Extended Lifespan20. Further Mathematical Characterization of Evolution with Antagonistic Pleiotropy21. Genetic Covariation is Shifted to Positive Values by Inbreeding22. Additional Experiments Supporting Antagonistic Pleiotropy23. Direct Demonstration of Non-Aging in Fissile Species24. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Shown for Aging25. Evolutionary Physiology of Aging26. Accelerated Senescence Explained in terms of Inbreeding Depression27. Reverse Evolution of Aging28. Genetic Analysis of Aging in Males29. Quantitative Genetic Analysis of How Many Genes Determine Aging30. Evidence for Senescence in the Wild31. Molecular Genetic Variation at Selected Loci in the Evolution of Aging32. The Evolutionary Logic of Extending Lifespan by Dietary Restriction33. Selection for Stress Resistance Increases Lifespan34. In Late Adult Life, Mortality Rates Stop Increasing35. Evolution of Increased Longevity Among Mammals in the Wild and the Lab36. Evolutionary Physiology of Dietary Restriction37. Genetic Association between Dauer Metabolic Arrest and Increased Lifespan38. Experimental Evolution of Aging is Connected to Development39. Evidence for Mutation Accumulation affecting Virility Aging40. Deep Physiological Research into the Evolution of Aging Supports Organismal Mechanisms41. Late-life Mortality Plateaus Explained using Evolutionary Theory42. Falsification of Lifelong Heterogeneity Models for the Cessation of Aging43. Discovery of Drosophila Mutants Sometimes Increasing Longevity44. Nematode Longevity Mutants show Antagonistic Pleiotropy45. Experimental Evolution of Life-History fits the Evolutionary Analysis of Late Life46. Breakdown in Correlations between Stress Resistance and Aging47. Alternative Indicators for the Forces of Natural Selection Proposed48. Development of Demographic Models that Separate Aging from Dying49. Genome-wide Sequencing of Experimentally Evolved Aging Reveals Many Genetic Sites50. Studying the Evolutionary Origins of Aging in Bacteria51. Evolutionary Transcriptomics also reveal Complex Physiology of Aging52. Late Life is Physiologically Different from Aging53. Genomic Studies of Centenarians Having Low Scientific Power54. Evolutionary Genetic Effects Produce Two Evolutionary Biologies of Aging55. Experimental Evolution can Produce Non-Aging Young Adults56. The Heart is Implicated in the Evolution of Aging57. Machine Learning Unpacks the Genomics of the Evolution of Aging