James Green is Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Professor of Modern Latin American History at Brown University Thomas E. Skidmore was one of the foremost American scholars of Brazil and the former Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Professor of Latin American History at Brown University

With clear and comprehensible explanations of the zigzag trajectory of Brazil's recent politics, this edition brings the story right up to the present, presenting information on mid-2021 pandemic conditions, and exposes the historical foundations of contemporary crises ... The book is an altogether fitting practical tribute to the work of the late Professor Skidmore.

• List of Exhibits and ImagesPrefaceIntroduction Why Read a History of Brazil? Chapter 1 The Making of Colonial Brazil, 1500-1694 The First Occupants of the LandEveryday Life, War, and RitualsPortuguese Overseas ExpansionEarly Consolidation of the Portuguese MonarchySetting up a Global Trading NetworkThe Portuguese Encounter Land to the WestFirst European ImpressionsPortuguese Land ClaimsBrazilwood and Indigenous SlaveryGo-betweensImperial ReorganizationFrench ClaimsThe Sugar IndustryEnslaved AfricansResistance to SlaveryUnification of Spain and PortugalDutch Occupation of the NortheastEmergence of the Myth of the BandeiranteImperial ControlGold Chapter 2 A New Colonial Order, 1695-1821Manumission of slavesReligious OrdersConflicts in the Mining RegionTensions in the NortheastPombaline ReformsIndigenous ResistanceThe Influence of Enlightenment IdeasThe Mineira ConspiracyTailors' Revolt in SalvadorThe Portuguese Court Comes to BrazilCreating a New Portuguese AmericaIndigenous ResistancePernambuco Revolution, 1817A Portuguese Revolt and its Impact on Brazil Chapter 3 Independent Brazil and the Consolidation of a Nation, 1822-1850 Brazilian HierarchiesA ConstitutionThe Emperor's TribulationsThe RegencyRegional RevoltsRecentralizationPedro II as EmperorThe Rise of CoffeeLand OwnershipGrowing Challenges to SlaveryChapter 4 Late Imperial Brazil, 1851-1889 Gradually Ending SlaveryThe Emperor and His PedestalThe Paraguayan WarThe Effects of the War The Viscount of MauáThe Great Drought and the Amazon Rubber BoomNew Roles for Middle-class WomenPositivism, Republicanism, and the Military QuestionThe Move toward AbolitionImmigrationThe End of the Empire Chapter 5 Republican Brazil, 1889-1929 Modernizing Brazil"Whitening BrazilThe Reality behind the FaçadeIndigenous BrazilCoffee Price Fluctuations and Emerging IndustryThe Roots of IndustrializationWorker Organization and Employers' StrategyEvaporation of the Oligarchical ConsensusA Message from BelowEconomic StrainsThe Shock of World War IThe Economy after the WarBrazil's Uneven DevelopmentRebellion in the ArmyThe Modern Woman and an Emerging Feminist MovementModernism, Brazilian StyleRise of Anti-Liberal ThoughtThe Disintegration of the Old PoliticsThe Revolution of 1930 Chapter 6 Getúlio Vargas in Power, 1930-45Swing toward CentralizationElectoral rightsIdeological PolarizationGetúlio Vargas as DictatorThe Vargas StyleCorporatist InroadsA New Search for National IdentityJuggling the International OptionsWorld War II and the Rise of U.S. InfluenceBrazil and the War EffortCollapse of the Dictatorship at Home Chapter 7 Experiments in Democracy, 1946-64The 1945 Election and the Dutra PeriodVargas ReturnsFrom Oligarch to PopulistVargas's Legislative Program Runs into TroubleVargas's DemiseSuicidePopulation Growth, Regional Disequilibria, and MigrationA New President, Juscelino Kubitschek, ElectedPolitical StrategyThe Economic Development ProgramA New CapitalDealing with the World EconomyThe Brief Presidency of Jânio QuadrosThe Succession of João GoulartPopulists versus the MilitaryBrazilian Culture The National Union of StudentsThe Economic Crisis Escalates Chapter 8 Rule of the Military, 1964-1985The Generals in PowerGrowing Repression, Growing OppositionStrengthening the Military Regime Indigenous Policy under Military RuleGrowing OppositionCrackdownThe Economic MiracleHyper-NationalismThe Arrival of the GuerrillasCultural ResistanceMass Media during the DictatorshipThe Use of TortureExileAn Economic Turn for the WorseThe Winners and LosersThe Road to RedemocratizationManipulating the Electoral System and Continued RepressionNew Social MovementsThe Working Class Takes Center StageThe Last General Chapter 9 The Return to Democracy, 1985-1994An Unintended SuccessionSarney and the New DemocracyThe Cruzado PlanThe Debt Crisis and the EconomyLost Investment and a Brain DrainWidening Gaps between Rich and PoorEducation and Medical CareRoads and CommunicationsPublic Health: A Success StoryChanges Affecting WomenRace RelationsThe Political Spectrum in the New DemocracyThe LeftThe RightThe CenterThe Armed ForcesPresidential ElectionsNew PoliciesThe EndAnother Vice President in CommandBack to Stabilization: The Plano RealThe Presidential Election of 1994 Chapter 10 Consolidating Democracy, 1994-2006The Cardoso Government's First TermMore Economic ProblemsA Second Term in OfficeSocial Justice DelayedOn-going ChallengesThe Presidential Race Lula's Governmental TeamThe PT in PowerExports Take Center Stage Poverty Alleviation and Education EnhancementThe PT Tastes ScandalThe Last Year of Lula's First TermPrisons Riots2006 Elections Chapter 11 A Nation Polarized, 2006-presentLula Reaches New HeightsRecognition Abroad Continuity at HomePresidenta in PowerThe 2013 ProtestsOperation Car Wash (Lava Jato)A Fourth PT TermA Conservative Tidal WaveThe Impeachment of Dilma RousseffTemer governmentLula EnsnaredThe 2018 ElectionThe Past Returns Suggestions for Further Reading Film, History, Culture, and SocietyIndex