The Oxford Encyclopedia of Agriculture and the Environment

Richard W. Hazlett is a geologist and environmental scientist whose professional work has included detailed field studies of active volcanoes (in Hawai'i, Italy, Central America, and the Aleutian Islands), and the establishment of the Environmental Analysis Program at Pomona College in California, where he also helped develop and manage the Pomona Organic Farm as a new teaching and learning resource. His popular works include the books "Roadside Geology of Hawai'i," "Volcanoes: Global Perspectives" (with co-author Jack Lockwood), and numerous national park publications. In the early 1990s, he also played a leading role in developing the 26-part Annenberg telecourse "Earth Revealed" for public television, broadcast internationally, and has led field trips for interested parties to study the volcanoes of southern Italy, Russia, and the Island of Hawai'i, where he presently resides. Recently, he played a key role as a geology team leader for the U.S. Geological Survey, closely monitoring anddocumenting the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano.

• List of Articles History of Agriculture The Early Anthropogenic HypothesisWilliam Ruddiman NomadismPhilip Carl Salzman Hunter-Gatherer Economies in the Old World and New WorldChristian Morgan, Shannon Tushingham, Raven Garvey, Loukas Barton, and Robert Bettinger Geography and Chronology of the Transition to AgriculturePeter Bogucki Ancient and Traditional Agriculture, Pastoralism, and Agricultural Societies in Sub-Saharan AfricaAndrew B. Smith Barley in Archaeology and Early HistorySimone Riehl Prehistoric and Traditional Agriculture in Lowland MesoamericaClarissa Cagnato Agricultural Origins and their Consequences in Southwestern AsiaAlan Simmons Agriculture in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and the LevantJohn M. Marston Human Environmental Interrelationships and the Origins of Agriculture in Egypt and SudanSimon Holdaway and Rebecca Phillipps Agricultural Dispersals in Mediterranean and Temperate EuropeAurélie Salavert The Agriculture of Early IndiaCharlene Murphy and Dorian Q. Fuller Early History of Animal Domestication in Southwest AsiaBenjamin S. Arbuckle Agricultural Practices and Environmental Impacts of Aztec and Pre-Aztec Central MexicoDeborah L. Nichols Ancient and Traditional Agriculture in South America: Tropical LowlandsGlenn H. Shepard Jr., Eduardo Neves, Charles R. Clement, Helena Lima, Claide Moraes, and Gilton Mendes Indigenous American Agricultural Contributions to Modern Global Food SystemsMarcia C. Bruno Origin and Development of Agriculture in New Guinea, Island Melanesia and PolynesiaTim Denham Agricultural Innovation and Dispersal in Eastern North AmericaKandace D. Hollenbach and Stephen B. Carmody Indigenous Polynesian Agriculture in Hawai'iNoa Kekuewa Lincoln and Peter Vitousek Evolution of Agricultural Practices and the Transformation of the English LandscapeTom Williamson From the Plow and Harness to Precision Farming in the North American Great PlainsDavid E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, Thomas DeSutter, and Cheryl Reese History of Agriculture in the United StatesPamela Riney-Kehrberg Soil Nature, Abuse, and Stewardship Soils, Science, Society, and the EnvironmentColin Robins Soil Resources, the Delivery of Ecosystem Services and ValueDavid A. Robinson, Fiona Seaton, Katrina Sharps, Amy Thomas, Francis Parry Roberts, Martine van der Ploeg, Laurence Jones, Jannes Stolte, Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, Paula Harrison, and Bridget Emmett Soil Tilth and ManagementLars J. Munkholm, Mansonia Pulido-Moncada, and Peter Bilson Obour Soil Sediment Loading and Related Environmental Impacts from FarmsVito Ferro Measuring Soil Loss and Subsequent Nutrient and Organic Matter Loss on FarmlandsVito Ferro and Vincenzo Bagarello Effective Practices in Mitigating Soil Erosion from FieldsVincenzo Bagarello Soil Quality as Affected by Intensive Versus Conservative Agricultural ManagementsLuigi Badalucco Soil SalinizationPichu Rengasamy Classification and Mitigation of Soil SalinizationTibor Tóth Causes of Soil Salinization, Sodification, and AlkalinizationElisabeth N. Bui Irrigation, Nutrient Management, and Nutrient Issues Surface IrrigationLuis S. Pereira and José M. Gonçalves The Qanat System of Iran and the MaghrebAhmad Abbasnejad; Behnam Abbasnejad Environmental Benefits and Concerns of Center Pivot IrrigationLeonor Rodriguez Sinobas Subsurface (Tile) Agricultural DrainageGary Sands, Srinivasulu Ale, Laura Christianson, and Nathan Utt Well Construction, Cones of Depression and Groundwater Sharing ApproachesFidel Ribera Urenda Terracing: From Agriculture to Multiple Ecosystem ServicesPaolo Socci, Alessandro Errico, Giulio Castelli, Daniele Penna, and Federico Preti The Role of Cover Crops in Agriculture and their Environmental SignificanceHelena Aronsson Crop Rotations, Fallowing, and their Environmental BenefitsMuhammad Farooq, Ahmad Nawaz, and Faisal Nadeem Industrial Fertilizers in AgricultureGregory L. Willoughby Agricultural Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in Surface WatersMarianne Bechmann and Per Stålnacke Selected Crops, Livestock, and Environmental Impacts of Their Production Agricultural Energy Demand and UseDavid Roland-Holst Agricultural Subsidies and the EnvironmentHeather Williams Cultivation and Impact of WheatPeter Shewry Cultivation and Environmental Impact of CornEmerson Nafziger Cultivation and Environmental Impacts of RiceReiner Wassmann Tomatoes: A Model Crop of Solanaceous PlantsAutar Mattoo, Raheel Anwar, and Tahira Fatima Citrus History, Taxonomy, Breeding, and Fruit QualityPaolo Inglese; Giuseppe Sortino Cultivation and Environmental Impact of MushroomsShu Ting Chang; Solomon P. Wasser Cultivation, Improvement, and Environmental Impacts of TeaMainaak Mukhopadhyay and Tapan Kumar Mondal Environmental Impacts of Tropical Soybean and Palm Oil CropsKimberly M. Carlson and Rachael D. Garrett Social and Environmental Implications of Plantation Agriculture in Malaysia and IndonesiaJean-François Bissonnette and Rodolphe De Koninck Environmental Impacts and Benefits of AgroforestryShibu Jose Dairy, Science, Society, and the EnvironmentChristopher Lu CAFOs: Farm Animals and Industrialized Livestock ProductionJames M. MacDonald Agricultural MethanogenesisAlexander N. Hristov The Big Picture, and Toward a New Global Agriculture An Image Reconnaissance: Agricultural Patterns and Related Environmental Impacts Viewed from SpaceRichard W. Hazlett and Joshua Peck Economics, Agriculture, and FaminesNoel Russell Food Safety in a Global Economy: Policies and ConcernsTomiko Yamaguchi and Shun-Nan Chiang Sustainable Coffee ProductionSarada Krishnan Organic FarmingTheodore J. K. Radovich Ecological Farming and the Methods of AgroecologyMiguel A. Altieri AgroecologyJuhn Helenius, Alexander Wezel, and Charles A. Francis Biotechnology and AgricultureDavid Still Food Waste and Biomass RecoveryWun Jern Ng, Keke Xiao, Vinay Kumar Tyagi, Chaozhi Pan, and Leong Soon Poh Vermiculture in Greenhouse Plants, Field Crop Production and HydroponicsNorman Q. Arancon; Zachary Solarte Pros and Cons of GMO Crop FarmingRene Van Acker, Motior Rahman, and S. Zahra H. Cici Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture across AfricaLaura Pereira Crop Production Resilience through Biodiversity for Adaptation to Climate ChangeCharles A. Francis Seed Banking as Future Insurance against Crop CollapsesFiona Hay