Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems

B.P. Lathi is Professor Emeritus at California State University - Sacramento. An authorial impresario, he is the author of Signals and Systems (2000), Linear Systems and Signal Processing (2nd Edition 2004), Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems (4th Edition 2009), and the forthcoming Digital Signal Processing (2014). Dr. Lathi is renowned for his excellent writing, and each of his books has found significant markets in the crowded upper-level electrical engineering segment.Zhi Ding is the Child Family Endowed Professor of Engineering and Entrepreneurship, at University of California - Davis. His research contributions cover a broad range of signal processing and communication problems including wireless transceiver optimization, blind channel estimation and equalization, multi-input-multi-output communications, multiuser detection, source separation, adaptive signal processing, parameter estimation, radar target discrimination, multimedia wireless communications, and cross-layerwireless communications. He has published over 200 refereed papers and book chapters. He received the IEEE Outstanding Instructor of the Year Award in 2002 for contributions to electrical engineering education from the IEEE student section in University of California, Davis.

The authors' writing style is engaging and fun to read. The book gives the students a good introduction to analog and digital communication that can be covered in one course without prior knowledge to probability theory.

• CONTENTSPREFACE xv 1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 21.2 DESIGN CHALLENGES: CHANNEL DISTORTIONS AND NOISES 31.3 MESSAGE SOURCES 41.4 CHANNEL EFFECT, SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO, AND CAPACITY 81.5 MODULATION AND DETECTION 111.6 DIGITAL SOURCE CODING AND ERROR CORRECTION CODING 131.7 A BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW OF MODERN TELECOMMUNICATIONS 15 2 SIGNALS AND SIGNAL SPACE 212.1 SIZE OF A SIGNAL 212.2 CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS 262.3 SOME USEFUL SIGNAL OPERATIONS 292.4 UNIT IMPULSE SIGNAL 332.5 SIGNALS VERSUS VECTORS 362.6 CORRELATION OF SIGNALS 422.7 ORTHOGONAL SIGNAL SETS 472.8 TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER SERIES 512.9 FREQUENCY DOMAIN AND EXPONENTIAL FOURIER SERIES 622.10 MATLAB EXERCISES 69 3 ANALYSIS AND TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS 843.1 FOURIER TRANSFORM of SIGNALS 843.2 TRANSFORMS OF SOME USEFUL FUNCTIONS 903.3 SOME FOURIER TRANSFORM PROPERTIES 973.4 SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH A LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEM 1143.5 IDEAL VERSUS PRACTICAL FILTERS 1193.6 SIGNAL DISTORTION OVER A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL 1243.7 SIGNAL ENERGY AND ENERGY SPECTRAL DENSITY 1283.8 SIGNAL POWER AND POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY 1373.9 NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM: THE DFT 1453.10 MATLAB EXERCISES 150 4 ANALOGUE MODULATIONS AND DEMODULATIONS 1674.1 BASEBAND VERSUS CARRIER COMMUNICATIONS 1674.2 DOUBLE-SIDEBAND AMPLITUDE MODULATION 1694.3 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM) 1784.4 BANDWIDTH-EFFICIENT AMPLITUDE MODULATIONS 1854.5 FM AND PM: NONLINEAR ANGLE MODULATIONS 1994.6 BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS OF ANGLE MODULATIONS 2054.7 DEMODULATION OF FM SIGNALS 2134.8 FREQUENCY CONVERSION AND SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVERS 2154.9 GENERATING FM SIGNALS 2184.10 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (FDM) 2244.11 PHASE-LOCKED LOOP AND APPLICATIONS 2254.12 MATLAB EXERCISES 233 5 DIGITISATION OF ANALOGUE SOURCE SIGNALS 2555.1 SAMPLING THEOREM 2555.2 PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) 2705.3 DIGITAL TELEPHONY: PCM IN T1 SYSTEMS 2825.4 DIGITAL MULTIPLEXING HIERARCHY 2865.5 DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION (DPCM) 2915.6 DELTA MODULATION 2965.7 MATLAB EXERCISES 301 6 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION 3176.1 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 3176.2 BASEBAND LINE CODING 3206.3 PULSE SHAPING 3356.4 SCRAMBLING 3476.5 DIGITAL RECEIVERS AND REGENERATIVE REPEATERS 3506.6 EYE DIAGRAMS: AN IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC TOOL 3606.7 PAM: M-ARY BASEBAND SIGNALLING 3636.8 DIGITAL CARRIER SYSTEMS 3666.9 M-ARY DIGITAL CARRIER MODULATION 3686.10 MATLAB EXERCISE 374 7 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY THEORY 3887.1 CONCEPT OF PROBABILITY 3887.2 RANDOM VARIABLES 4047.3 STATISTICAL AVERAGES (MEANS) 4237.4 CORRELATION 4327.5 LINEAR MEAN SQUARE ESTIMATION 4367.6 SUM OF RANDOM VARIABLES 4397.7 CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM 442 8 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS 4538.1 FROM RANDOM VARIABLE TO RANDOM PROCESS 4538.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RANDOM PROCESSES 4588.3 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY 4628.4 MULTIPLE RANDOM PROCESSES 4778.5 TRANSMISSION OF RANDOM PROCESSES THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS 4788.6 BANDPASS RANDOM PROCESSES 499 9 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 5239.1 OPTIMUM LINEAR DETECTOR FOR BINARY POLAR SIGNALLING 5239.2 GENERAL BINARY SIGNALLING 5299.3 COHERENT RECEIVERS FOR DIGITAL CARRIER MODULATIONS 5379.4 SIGNAL SPACE ANALYSIS OF OPTIMUM DETECTION 5429.5 VECTOR DECOMPOSITION OF WHITE NOISE RANDOM PROCESSES 5479.6 OPTIMUM RECEIVER FOR WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE CHANNELS 5539.7 GENERAL ERROR PROBABILITY OF OPTIMUM RECEIVERS 5789.8 NONWHITE (COLOURED) CHANNEL NOISE 5879.9 OTHER USEFUL PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 5879.10 NONCOHERENT DETECTION 5919.11 MATLAB EXERCISES 599 10 SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS 61810.1 FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM (FHSS) SYSTEMS 61810.2 MULTIPLE FHSS USER SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE 62210.3 APPLICATIONS OF FHSS 62510.4 DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM 62910.5 RESILIENT FEATURES OF DSSS 63210.6 CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE-ACCESS (CDMA) OF DSSS 63410.7 MULTIUSER DETECTION (MUD) 64210.8 MODERN PRACTICAL DSSS CDMA SYSTEMS 64810.9 MATLAB EXERCISES 657 11 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS OVER LINEARLY DISTORTIVE CHANNELS 67311.1 LINEAR DISTORTIONS OF WIRELESS MULTIPATH CHANNELS 67311.2 RECEIVER CHANNEL EQUALISATION 67711.3 LINEAR T-SPACED EQUALISATION (TSE) 68311.4 LINEAR FRACTIONALLY SPACED EQUALISERS (FSE) 69311.5 CHANNEL ESTIMATION 69811.6 DECISION FEEDBACK EQUALISER 69911.7 OFDM (MULTICARRIER) COMMUNICATIONS 70211.8 REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS OF OFDM AND DMT 71411.9 BLIND EQUALISATION AND IDENTIFICATION 71911.10 TIME-VARYING CHANNEL DISTORTIONS DUE TO MOBILITY 72011.11 MATLAB EXERCISES 723 12 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION THEORY 74412.1 MEASURE OF INFORMATION 74412.2 SOURCE ENCODING 74812.3 ERROR-FREE COMMUNICATION OVER A NOISY CHANNEL 75412.4 CHANNEL CAPACITY OF A DISCRETE MEMORYLESS CHANNEL 75712.5 CHANNEL CAPACITY OF A CONTINUOUS MEMORYLESS CHANNEL 76412.6 MULTIPLE-INPUTDSMULTIPLE-OUTPUT COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 78112.7 MATLAB EXERCISES 790 13 ERROR CORRECTING CODES 80213.1 OVERVIEW 80213.2 REDUNDANCY FOR ERROR CORRECTION 80313.3 LINEAR BLOCK CODES 80613.4 CYCLIC CODES 81313.5 THE BENEFIT OF ERROR CORRECTION 82313.6 CONVOLUTIONAL CODES 82713.7 TRELLIS DIAGRAM OF BLOCK CODES 83713.8 CODE COMBINING AND INTERLEAVING 83813.9 SOFT DECODING 84113.10 SOFT-OUTPUT VITERBI ALGORITHM (SOVA) 84313.11 TURBO CODES 84513.12 LOW-DENSITY PARITY CHECK (LDPC) CODES 85413.13 MATLAB EXERCISES 860 APPENDICESA ORTHOGONALITY OF SOME SIGNAL SETS 875A.1 TRIGONOMETRIC SINUSOID SIGNAL SET 875A.2 ORTHOGONALITY OF THE EXPONENTIAL SINUSOID SIGNAL SET 876B CAUCHY-SCHWARZ INEQUALITY 877C GRAM-SCHMIDT ORTHOGONALISATION OF A VECTOR SET 878INDEX 881