James Mark is Professor of Modern European History at the University of Exeter. He has published widely on the social and cultural history of Communism, history and memory, and the global history of Eastern Europe. He is the author of three monographs, most recently co-authoring 1989: A Global History of Eastern Europe with Bogdan Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht, and Ljubica Spaskovska.Paul Betts is Professor of Professor of Modern European History at St Antony's College, Oxford, and previously taught at the University of Sussex and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He has published widely on 20th century European cultural history, and is the author of three monographs, most recently Ruin and Renewal: Civilising Europe after World War II (2020). He has also published seven co-edited volumes, and serves on the Editorial Board of Past & Present.

Nevertheless, that only goes to further demonstrate the significance of the themes of this book, and the impressive effort that these contributors have put forth.

• James Mark and Paul Betts: Introduction 1: James Mark and Steffi Marung: Origins 2: Eric Burton, James Mark, and Steffi Marung: Development 3: Péter Apor: War and Peace 4: Paul Betts and Radina Vu%ceti'c: Culture 5: Paul Betts: Rights 6: James Mark: Race 7: Bogdan C. Iacob: Health 8: Alena Alamgir: Mobility: Education and Labour 9: Péter Apor and James Mark: Homefront

James Mark is Professor of Modern European History at the University of Exeter. He has published widely on the social and cultural history of Communism, history and memory, and the global history of Eastern Europe. He is the author of three monographs, most recently co-authoring 1989: A Global History of Eastern Europe with Bogdan Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht, and Ljubica Spaskovska.Paul Betts is Professor of Professor of Modern European History at St Antony's College, Oxford, and previously taught at the University of Sussex and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He has published widely on 20th century European cultural history, and is the author of three monographs, most recently Ruin and Renewal: Civilising Europe after World War II (2020). He has also published seven co-edited volumes, and serves on the Editorial Board of Past & Present.

Nevertheless, that only goes to further demonstrate the significance of the themes of this book, and the impressive effort that these contributors have put forth.

• James Mark and Paul Betts: Introduction 1: James Mark and Steffi Marung: Origins 2: Eric Burton, James Mark, and Steffi Marung: Development 3: Péter Apor: War and Peace 4: Paul Betts and Radina Vu%ceti'c: Culture 5: Paul Betts: Rights 6: James Mark: Race 7: Bogdan C. Iacob: Health 8: Alena Alamgir: Mobility: Education and Labour 9: Péter Apor and James Mark: Homefront

James Mark is Professor of Modern European History at the University of Exeter. He has published widely on the social and cultural history of Communism, history and memory, and the global history of Eastern Europe. He is the author of three monographs, most recently co-authoring 1989: A Global History of Eastern Europe with Bogdan Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht, and Ljubica Spaskovska.Paul Betts is Professor of Professor of Modern European History at St Antony's College, Oxford, and previously taught at the University of Sussex and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He has published widely on 20th century European cultural history, and is the author of three monographs, most recently Ruin and Renewal: Civilising Europe after World War II (2020). He has also published seven co-edited volumes, and serves on the Editorial Board of Past & Present.

Nevertheless, that only goes to further demonstrate the significance of the themes of this book, and the impressive effort that these contributors have put forth.

• James Mark and Paul Betts: Introduction 1: James Mark and Steffi Marung: Origins 2: Eric Burton, James Mark, and Steffi Marung: Development 3: Péter Apor: War and Peace 4: Paul Betts and Radina Vu%ceti'c: Culture 5: Paul Betts: Rights 6: James Mark: Race 7: Bogdan C. Iacob: Health 8: Alena Alamgir: Mobility: Education and Labour 9: Péter Apor and James Mark: Homefront