Howard E. Gendelman, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE. Igor Grant, MD, Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Director, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Ian Paul Everall, MD, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Head of Department, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.Howard S. Fox, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. Harris A. Gelbard, MD, PhD, Director of The Center for Neural Development and Disease, Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Stuart A. Lipton, MD, PhD, Professor and Scientific Director, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; Adjunct Professor of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego; Adjunct Professor, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Susan Swindells, MBBS, Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.

Anyone with even a passing interest in the topic (basic scientists, students, clinicians, social workers, patients, family members) will find something of interest and edification. This is exactly what the editors had in mind: a reference and resource on nervous system disorders associated with HIV.

• Section 1. HIV-1 Biology and Immunology ; 1.1. HIV-1 Biology, Michael Bukrinsky and Sergey Iordanskiy ; 1.2. HIV-1 Immunology, Sabita Roy, Subhash Dhawan, Shilpa Buch, and Krishnakumar Devadas ; 1.3 Chemokines, Richard J. Miller ; 1.4 Viral and host genetic factors, Christopher Power, Jennifer A. McCombe, Shaona Acharjee, and M. John Gill ; 1.5 Genetic Susceptibilities in neuroAIDS, Sunil K. Ahuja, Srinivas Mummidi, Jason F. Okulicz, Edwina J. Wright, and Weijing He ; Section 2. Innate and Cellular Immunity and Neurogenesis ; 2.1. Mononuclear phagocytes, Kenneth C. Williams, William Hickey, Tricia H. Burdo, and Caroline Soulas ; 2.2. Microglia, Sunhee C. Lee ; 2.3. Astrocytes, Etty N. Benveniste, Lisa N. Akhtar, and Brandi J. Baker ; 2.4. Adaptive Immunity, Howard E. Gendelman, Jessica A.L. Hutter, Larisa Poluektova, and Subhash Dhawan ; 2.5. Vaccines, R. Lee Mosley, Max V. Kuenstling, and Eric J. Benner ; 2.6. Neurogenesis, Jialin C. Zheng, James B Reinecke, Hui Peng, Yunlong Huang, and Qiang Chen ; Section 3. Blood brain barrier and HIV CNS Entry ; 3.1. Blood brain barrier: Structure and function, William A. Banks ; 3.2. Endothelial cell biology and HIV-1 infection, Michal Toborek, Ibolya E. Andras, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Yu Zhong, and Shinsuke Nakagawa ; 3.3. Blood-brain barrier during neuroinflammation, Yuri Persidsky and Servio H. Ramirez ; 3.4. Mechanisms of viral and cell entry into the CNS, Eliseo A. Eugenin and J.W. Berman ; 3.5. Monocyte-macrophages and viral CNS entry, Georgette D. Kanmogne ; Section 4. Cellular and Viral Neurotoxicity and Abused Drugs ; 4.1. Mononuclear phagocyte inflammation and neurotoxicity, Howard E. Gendelman, Andrea Martinez-Skinner, Ari Nowacek, and JoEllyn McMillan ; 4.2. Neurotoxicity of HIV-1 proteins, Ruth Brack-Werner, Manja Meggendorfer, Ina Rothenaigner, Bianca Tigges, and Michelle Vincendea ; 4.3. HIV-1 and Tat, Avindra Nath, Wenxue Li, Guanhan Li, and Joseph Steiner ; 4.4. HIV-1 gp120, Stuart A. Lipton, Shu-ichi Okamoto, Marcus Kaul, Ian Paul Everall, and Eliezer Masliah ; 4.5. HIV-1 and cannabinoids, Guy A. Cabral and Erinn S. Raborn ; 4.6. HIV-1 and METH, Howard S. Fox ; 4.7. HIV-1 and Opioids, Toby K. Eisenstein, Jessica Breslow, Changcheng Song, Mathew J. Finley, William D. Cornwell, Sumedha Chugh, Joseph J. Meissler, and Thomas J. Rogers ; 4.8. HIV-1 and Cocaine, Shilpa J. Buch, Honghong Yao, and Sabita Roy ; Section 5. Animal models ; 5.1. SIV, Janice E. Clements, M. Christine Zink, Joseph L. Mankowski, David R. Graham, and Lucio Gama ; 5.2. FIV, Rick B. Meeker ; 5.3. CAEV, Valgerdur Andresdottir, Sigurbjorg Torsteinsdottir, and Gudmundur Georgsson ; 5.4. Transgenics, Sulie L. Chang and Marley D. Kass ; 5.5. Immunodeficient mice, Larisa Poluektova ; 5.6. SIV and opiates, Shilpa J. Buch, Shannon Callen, Paul Cheney, and Anil Kumar ; 5.7. SIV and FIV and peripheral neuropathy, Joseph L. Mankowski, Victoria A. Laast, Gigi Ebenezer, and Justin C. McArthur ; 5.8. Animal models and bioimaging, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Eva-Maria Ratai, and Margaret R. Lentz ; Section 6. Personal Perspectives in Living with HIV/AIDS ; 6.1. Darren Kane ; 6.2. Eric Glare ; 6.3. James May ; 6.4. Karen ; 6.5. Susan Paxton ; Section 7. Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of Disease ; 7.1. Prospective on HIV CNS Infections, Richard W. Price ; 7.2. HAND, Igor Grant and Ned Sacktor ; 7.3. Early Manifestations of CNS Disease, Serena S. Spudich ; 7.4. HIV-1 Neuropathology, Benjamin B. Gelman and David J. Moore ; 7.5. Peripheral Neuropathy, David M. Simpson, Kathryn J. Elliott, and Justin McArthur ; 7.6. Spinal Cord Disease, Christina M. Marra ; 7.7. Myopathy, Susan Morgello, Jessica Robinson-Papp, Kenneth A. Fox, and David M. Simpson ; 7.8. Aging, Christian L. Achim and Virawudh Soontornniyomkij ; 7.9. Addiction, R. Douglas Bruce ; Chapter 8. Pathogenesis of Co-Morbid Conditions ; 8.1. NeuroAIDS as an Inflammatory Disorder, Dennis L. Kolson, Denise R. Cooka, Stephanie A. Crossa, and Samantha S. Soldana ; 8.2. Neuronal Injury, White Matter Disease, and Neurotrophic Factors, Dianne Langford, Eliezer Masliah, and Ian Paul Everall ; 8.3. Pathobiology of HIV-related neuropathies, BJ Brew and NWS Davies ; 8.4. CNS Co-morbidities, Georgette D. Kanmogne and David B. Clifford ; 8.5. Opportunistic Infections, Joseph R. Berger and Bruce A. Cohen ; 8.6. PML, Eugene O. Major and Maria Chiara G. Monaco ; 8.7. Neoplasms, Alexis Demopoulos and Lauren Abrey ; 8.8. Hepatitis C, Wenzhe Ho and Li Ye ; 8.9. Psychiatric Co-Morbidities, Ian Paul Everall and Timothy B. Nguyen ; Chapter 9. Diagnostics and Biomarkers ; 9.1. Brain Imaging, Linda Chang, Ute Feger, and Thomas Ernst, Ph.D. ; 9.2. MRI, Terry L. Jernigan, Sarah L. Archibald, and Christine Fennema-Notestine ; 9.3. Psychological Evaluations, Steven Paul Woods, Jordan Elizabeth Cattie, and Igor Grant ; 9.4. Viral and Cellular Biomarkers During Antiretroviral Therapy, Scott L. Letendre ; 9.5. Viral Dynamics, Ronald J. Ellis and Davey M. Smith ; 9.6. Viral Clades, Avindra Nath and Wenxue Li ; 9.7. Proteomics and Biomarkers, Pawel Ciborowski, Gwenael Pottiez, and Jayme Wiederin ; Chapter 10. Children and Adolescents ; 10.1. Clinical and Pathological Features of HIV-1 Encephalopathy in Children and Adolescents, Mark Mintz, Leroy Sharer, and Lucy Civitello ; 10.2. Infants, Children and Adolescents Nervous System Disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, Annelies Van Rie and Anna Dow ; 10.3. Psychosocial Aspects of Neurologic Impairment in Children with AIDS, Lori Wiener and Claude Mellins ; 10.4. Growing up with HIV Disease, Lynnae Schwartz, Leslie K. Serchuck, and Shirley F. Delair ; Chapter 11. Antiretroviral and Adjunctive Therapies ; 11.1. Current Concepts in the Treatment of HIV Infection with Focus on Brain Disease, Susan Swindells and Uriel Sandkovsky ; 11.2. Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Therapies, J. Allen McCutchan, Scott Letendre, Ronald J. Ellis, Brookie Best, and Edmund Capparelli ; 11.3. Treatment of Opportunistic Infections Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, David B. Clifford ; 11.4. Nanoformulated Medicines, Howard E. Gendelman, Upal Roy, Shantanu Balkundi, and JoEllyn McMillan ; 11.5. Antiretroviral nanotherapies, Madhavan P.N. Nair and Zainulabedin M. Saiyed ; 11.6. Adjunctive Medicines, Harris A. Gelbard and Stuart A. Lipton ; Chapter 12. Psychiatry and Psychobiology ; 12.1. Psychiatric Disorders, J. Hampton Atkinson, Nichole A. Duarte, and Glenn Treisman ; 12.2. Neuropsychiatry of Substance Abuse, Eileen M. Martin-Thomas, Andy Levine, and Raul Gonzalez ; 12.3. Psychobiology of Risk Behavior, David G. Ostrow ; 12.4. Everyday Impact of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders, Thomas D. Marcotte, J. Cobb Scott, Charles H. Hinkin, and Robert K. Heaton ; 12.5. Facing Legal and Ethical Challenges in the Treatment of AIDS, Glenn J. Treisman and Warren B. Treisman ; 12.6. Neuropsychological Testing, Kevin R. Robertson, Kevin J. Liner, Michelle Ro, and Robert K. Heaton ; 12.7. The impact of HIV subtype, cultural, and sociodemographic factors on HIV-1 infection and associated neuropathogenesis in Africa, Adelina Holguin, Damien C. Tully, and Charles Wood

Howard E. Gendelman, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE. Igor Grant, MD, Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Director, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Ian Paul Everall, MD, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Head of Department, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.Howard S. Fox, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. Harris A. Gelbard, MD, PhD, Director of The Center for Neural Development and Disease, Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Stuart A. Lipton, MD, PhD, Professor and Scientific Director, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; Adjunct Professor of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego; Adjunct Professor, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Susan Swindells, MBBS, Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.

Anyone with even a passing interest in the topic (basic scientists, students, clinicians, social workers, patients, family members) will find something of interest and edification. This is exactly what the editors had in mind: a reference and resource on nervous system disorders associated with HIV.

• Section 1. HIV-1 Biology and Immunology ; 1.1. HIV-1 Biology, Michael Bukrinsky and Sergey Iordanskiy ; 1.2. HIV-1 Immunology, Sabita Roy, Subhash Dhawan, Shilpa Buch, and Krishnakumar Devadas ; 1.3 Chemokines, Richard J. Miller ; 1.4 Viral and host genetic factors, Christopher Power, Jennifer A. McCombe, Shaona Acharjee, and M. John Gill ; 1.5 Genetic Susceptibilities in neuroAIDS, Sunil K. Ahuja, Srinivas Mummidi, Jason F. Okulicz, Edwina J. Wright, and Weijing He ; Section 2. Innate and Cellular Immunity and Neurogenesis ; 2.1. Mononuclear phagocytes, Kenneth C. Williams, William Hickey, Tricia H. Burdo, and Caroline Soulas ; 2.2. Microglia, Sunhee C. Lee ; 2.3. Astrocytes, Etty N. Benveniste, Lisa N. Akhtar, and Brandi J. Baker ; 2.4. Adaptive Immunity, Howard E. Gendelman, Jessica A.L. Hutter, Larisa Poluektova, and Subhash Dhawan ; 2.5. Vaccines, R. Lee Mosley, Max V. Kuenstling, and Eric J. Benner ; 2.6. Neurogenesis, Jialin C. Zheng, James B Reinecke, Hui Peng, Yunlong Huang, and Qiang Chen ; Section 3. Blood brain barrier and HIV CNS Entry ; 3.1. Blood brain barrier: Structure and function, William A. Banks ; 3.2. Endothelial cell biology and HIV-1 infection, Michal Toborek, Ibolya E. Andras, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Yu Zhong, and Shinsuke Nakagawa ; 3.3. Blood-brain barrier during neuroinflammation, Yuri Persidsky and Servio H. Ramirez ; 3.4. Mechanisms of viral and cell entry into the CNS, Eliseo A. Eugenin and J.W. Berman ; 3.5. Monocyte-macrophages and viral CNS entry, Georgette D. Kanmogne ; Section 4. Cellular and Viral Neurotoxicity and Abused Drugs ; 4.1. Mononuclear phagocyte inflammation and neurotoxicity, Howard E. Gendelman, Andrea Martinez-Skinner, Ari Nowacek, and JoEllyn McMillan ; 4.2. Neurotoxicity of HIV-1 proteins, Ruth Brack-Werner, Manja Meggendorfer, Ina Rothenaigner, Bianca Tigges, and Michelle Vincendea ; 4.3. HIV-1 and Tat, Avindra Nath, Wenxue Li, Guanhan Li, and Joseph Steiner ; 4.4. HIV-1 gp120, Stuart A. Lipton, Shu-ichi Okamoto, Marcus Kaul, Ian Paul Everall, and Eliezer Masliah ; 4.5. HIV-1 and cannabinoids, Guy A. Cabral and Erinn S. Raborn ; 4.6. HIV-1 and METH, Howard S. Fox ; 4.7. HIV-1 and Opioids, Toby K. Eisenstein, Jessica Breslow, Changcheng Song, Mathew J. Finley, William D. Cornwell, Sumedha Chugh, Joseph J. Meissler, and Thomas J. Rogers ; 4.8. HIV-1 and Cocaine, Shilpa J. Buch, Honghong Yao, and Sabita Roy ; Section 5. Animal models ; 5.1. SIV, Janice E. Clements, M. Christine Zink, Joseph L. Mankowski, David R. Graham, and Lucio Gama ; 5.2. FIV, Rick B. Meeker ; 5.3. CAEV, Valgerdur Andresdottir, Sigurbjorg Torsteinsdottir, and Gudmundur Georgsson ; 5.4. Transgenics, Sulie L. Chang and Marley D. Kass ; 5.5. Immunodeficient mice, Larisa Poluektova ; 5.6. SIV and opiates, Shilpa J. Buch, Shannon Callen, Paul Cheney, and Anil Kumar ; 5.7. SIV and FIV and peripheral neuropathy, Joseph L. Mankowski, Victoria A. Laast, Gigi Ebenezer, and Justin C. McArthur ; 5.8. Animal models and bioimaging, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Eva-Maria Ratai, and Margaret R. Lentz ; Section 6. Personal Perspectives in Living with HIV/AIDS ; 6.1. Darren Kane ; 6.2. Eric Glare ; 6.3. James May ; 6.4. Karen ; 6.5. Susan Paxton ; Section 7. Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of Disease ; 7.1. Prospective on HIV CNS Infections, Richard W. Price ; 7.2. HAND, Igor Grant and Ned Sacktor ; 7.3. Early Manifestations of CNS Disease, Serena S. Spudich ; 7.4. HIV-1 Neuropathology, Benjamin B. Gelman and David J. Moore ; 7.5. Peripheral Neuropathy, David M. Simpson, Kathryn J. Elliott, and Justin McArthur ; 7.6. Spinal Cord Disease, Christina M. Marra ; 7.7. Myopathy, Susan Morgello, Jessica Robinson-Papp, Kenneth A. Fox, and David M. Simpson ; 7.8. Aging, Christian L. Achim and Virawudh Soontornniyomkij ; 7.9. Addiction, R. Douglas Bruce ; Chapter 8. Pathogenesis of Co-Morbid Conditions ; 8.1. NeuroAIDS as an Inflammatory Disorder, Dennis L. Kolson, Denise R. Cooka, Stephanie A. Crossa, and Samantha S. Soldana ; 8.2. Neuronal Injury, White Matter Disease, and Neurotrophic Factors, Dianne Langford, Eliezer Masliah, and Ian Paul Everall ; 8.3. Pathobiology of HIV-related neuropathies, BJ Brew and NWS Davies ; 8.4. CNS Co-morbidities, Georgette D. Kanmogne and David B. Clifford ; 8.5. Opportunistic Infections, Joseph R. Berger and Bruce A. Cohen ; 8.6. PML, Eugene O. Major and Maria Chiara G. Monaco ; 8.7. Neoplasms, Alexis Demopoulos and Lauren Abrey ; 8.8. Hepatitis C, Wenzhe Ho and Li Ye ; 8.9. Psychiatric Co-Morbidities, Ian Paul Everall and Timothy B. Nguyen ; Chapter 9. Diagnostics and Biomarkers ; 9.1. Brain Imaging, Linda Chang, Ute Feger, and Thomas Ernst, Ph.D. ; 9.2. MRI, Terry L. Jernigan, Sarah L. Archibald, and Christine Fennema-Notestine ; 9.3. Psychological Evaluations, Steven Paul Woods, Jordan Elizabeth Cattie, and Igor Grant ; 9.4. Viral and Cellular Biomarkers During Antiretroviral Therapy, Scott L. Letendre ; 9.5. Viral Dynamics, Ronald J. Ellis and Davey M. Smith ; 9.6. Viral Clades, Avindra Nath and Wenxue Li ; 9.7. Proteomics and Biomarkers, Pawel Ciborowski, Gwenael Pottiez, and Jayme Wiederin ; Chapter 10. Children and Adolescents ; 10.1. Clinical and Pathological Features of HIV-1 Encephalopathy in Children and Adolescents, Mark Mintz, Leroy Sharer, and Lucy Civitello ; 10.2. Infants, Children and Adolescents Nervous System Disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, Annelies Van Rie and Anna Dow ; 10.3. Psychosocial Aspects of Neurologic Impairment in Children with AIDS, Lori Wiener and Claude Mellins ; 10.4. Growing up with HIV Disease, Lynnae Schwartz, Leslie K. Serchuck, and Shirley F. Delair ; Chapter 11. Antiretroviral and Adjunctive Therapies ; 11.1. Current Concepts in the Treatment of HIV Infection with Focus on Brain Disease, Susan Swindells and Uriel Sandkovsky ; 11.2. Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Therapies, J. Allen McCutchan, Scott Letendre, Ronald J. Ellis, Brookie Best, and Edmund Capparelli ; 11.3. Treatment of Opportunistic Infections Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, David B. Clifford ; 11.4. Nanoformulated Medicines, Howard E. Gendelman, Upal Roy, Shantanu Balkundi, and JoEllyn McMillan ; 11.5. Antiretroviral nanotherapies, Madhavan P.N. Nair and Zainulabedin M. Saiyed ; 11.6. Adjunctive Medicines, Harris A. Gelbard and Stuart A. Lipton ; Chapter 12. Psychiatry and Psychobiology ; 12.1. Psychiatric Disorders, J. Hampton Atkinson, Nichole A. Duarte, and Glenn Treisman ; 12.2. Neuropsychiatry of Substance Abuse, Eileen M. Martin-Thomas, Andy Levine, and Raul Gonzalez ; 12.3. Psychobiology of Risk Behavior, David G. Ostrow ; 12.4. Everyday Impact of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders, Thomas D. Marcotte, J. Cobb Scott, Charles H. Hinkin, and Robert K. Heaton ; 12.5. Facing Legal and Ethical Challenges in the Treatment of AIDS, Glenn J. Treisman and Warren B. Treisman ; 12.6. Neuropsychological Testing, Kevin R. Robertson, Kevin J. Liner, Michelle Ro, and Robert K. Heaton ; 12.7. The impact of HIV subtype, cultural, and sociodemographic factors on HIV-1 infection and associated neuropathogenesis in Africa, Adelina Holguin, Damien C. Tully, and Charles Wood

Howard E. Gendelman, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE. Igor Grant, MD, Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Director, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Ian Paul Everall, MD, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Head of Department, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.Howard S. Fox, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. Harris A. Gelbard, MD, PhD, Director of The Center for Neural Development and Disease, Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Stuart A. Lipton, MD, PhD, Professor and Scientific Director, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; Adjunct Professor of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego; Adjunct Professor, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Susan Swindells, MBBS, Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.

Anyone with even a passing interest in the topic (basic scientists, students, clinicians, social workers, patients, family members) will find something of interest and edification. This is exactly what the editors had in mind: a reference and resource on nervous system disorders associated with HIV.

• Section 1. HIV-1 Biology and Immunology ; 1.1. HIV-1 Biology, Michael Bukrinsky and Sergey Iordanskiy ; 1.2. HIV-1 Immunology, Sabita Roy, Subhash Dhawan, Shilpa Buch, and Krishnakumar Devadas ; 1.3 Chemokines, Richard J. Miller ; 1.4 Viral and host genetic factors, Christopher Power, Jennifer A. McCombe, Shaona Acharjee, and M. John Gill ; 1.5 Genetic Susceptibilities in neuroAIDS, Sunil K. Ahuja, Srinivas Mummidi, Jason F. Okulicz, Edwina J. Wright, and Weijing He ; Section 2. Innate and Cellular Immunity and Neurogenesis ; 2.1. Mononuclear phagocytes, Kenneth C. Williams, William Hickey, Tricia H. Burdo, and Caroline Soulas ; 2.2. Microglia, Sunhee C. Lee ; 2.3. Astrocytes, Etty N. Benveniste, Lisa N. Akhtar, and Brandi J. Baker ; 2.4. Adaptive Immunity, Howard E. Gendelman, Jessica A.L. Hutter, Larisa Poluektova, and Subhash Dhawan ; 2.5. Vaccines, R. Lee Mosley, Max V. Kuenstling, and Eric J. Benner ; 2.6. Neurogenesis, Jialin C. Zheng, James B Reinecke, Hui Peng, Yunlong Huang, and Qiang Chen ; Section 3. Blood brain barrier and HIV CNS Entry ; 3.1. Blood brain barrier: Structure and function, William A. Banks ; 3.2. Endothelial cell biology and HIV-1 infection, Michal Toborek, Ibolya E. Andras, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Yu Zhong, and Shinsuke Nakagawa ; 3.3. Blood-brain barrier during neuroinflammation, Yuri Persidsky and Servio H. Ramirez ; 3.4. Mechanisms of viral and cell entry into the CNS, Eliseo A. Eugenin and J.W. Berman ; 3.5. Monocyte-macrophages and viral CNS entry, Georgette D. Kanmogne ; Section 4. Cellular and Viral Neurotoxicity and Abused Drugs ; 4.1. Mononuclear phagocyte inflammation and neurotoxicity, Howard E. Gendelman, Andrea Martinez-Skinner, Ari Nowacek, and JoEllyn McMillan ; 4.2. Neurotoxicity of HIV-1 proteins, Ruth Brack-Werner, Manja Meggendorfer, Ina Rothenaigner, Bianca Tigges, and Michelle Vincendea ; 4.3. HIV-1 and Tat, Avindra Nath, Wenxue Li, Guanhan Li, and Joseph Steiner ; 4.4. HIV-1 gp120, Stuart A. Lipton, Shu-ichi Okamoto, Marcus Kaul, Ian Paul Everall, and Eliezer Masliah ; 4.5. HIV-1 and cannabinoids, Guy A. Cabral and Erinn S. Raborn ; 4.6. HIV-1 and METH, Howard S. Fox ; 4.7. HIV-1 and Opioids, Toby K. Eisenstein, Jessica Breslow, Changcheng Song, Mathew J. Finley, William D. Cornwell, Sumedha Chugh, Joseph J. Meissler, and Thomas J. Rogers ; 4.8. HIV-1 and Cocaine, Shilpa J. Buch, Honghong Yao, and Sabita Roy ; Section 5. Animal models ; 5.1. SIV, Janice E. Clements, M. Christine Zink, Joseph L. Mankowski, David R. Graham, and Lucio Gama ; 5.2. FIV, Rick B. Meeker ; 5.3. CAEV, Valgerdur Andresdottir, Sigurbjorg Torsteinsdottir, and Gudmundur Georgsson ; 5.4. Transgenics, Sulie L. Chang and Marley D. Kass ; 5.5. Immunodeficient mice, Larisa Poluektova ; 5.6. SIV and opiates, Shilpa J. Buch, Shannon Callen, Paul Cheney, and Anil Kumar ; 5.7. SIV and FIV and peripheral neuropathy, Joseph L. Mankowski, Victoria A. Laast, Gigi Ebenezer, and Justin C. McArthur ; 5.8. Animal models and bioimaging, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Eva-Maria Ratai, and Margaret R. Lentz ; Section 6. Personal Perspectives in Living with HIV/AIDS ; 6.1. Darren Kane ; 6.2. Eric Glare ; 6.3. James May ; 6.4. Karen ; 6.5. Susan Paxton ; Section 7. Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of Disease ; 7.1. Prospective on HIV CNS Infections, Richard W. Price ; 7.2. HAND, Igor Grant and Ned Sacktor ; 7.3. Early Manifestations of CNS Disease, Serena S. Spudich ; 7.4. HIV-1 Neuropathology, Benjamin B. Gelman and David J. Moore ; 7.5. Peripheral Neuropathy, David M. Simpson, Kathryn J. Elliott, and Justin McArthur ; 7.6. Spinal Cord Disease, Christina M. Marra ; 7.7. Myopathy, Susan Morgello, Jessica Robinson-Papp, Kenneth A. Fox, and David M. Simpson ; 7.8. Aging, Christian L. Achim and Virawudh Soontornniyomkij ; 7.9. Addiction, R. Douglas Bruce ; Chapter 8. Pathogenesis of Co-Morbid Conditions ; 8.1. NeuroAIDS as an Inflammatory Disorder, Dennis L. Kolson, Denise R. Cooka, Stephanie A. Crossa, and Samantha S. Soldana ; 8.2. Neuronal Injury, White Matter Disease, and Neurotrophic Factors, Dianne Langford, Eliezer Masliah, and Ian Paul Everall ; 8.3. Pathobiology of HIV-related neuropathies, BJ Brew and NWS Davies ; 8.4. CNS Co-morbidities, Georgette D. Kanmogne and David B. Clifford ; 8.5. Opportunistic Infections, Joseph R. Berger and Bruce A. Cohen ; 8.6. PML, Eugene O. Major and Maria Chiara G. Monaco ; 8.7. Neoplasms, Alexis Demopoulos and Lauren Abrey ; 8.8. Hepatitis C, Wenzhe Ho and Li Ye ; 8.9. Psychiatric Co-Morbidities, Ian Paul Everall and Timothy B. Nguyen ; Chapter 9. Diagnostics and Biomarkers ; 9.1. Brain Imaging, Linda Chang, Ute Feger, and Thomas Ernst, Ph.D. ; 9.2. MRI, Terry L. Jernigan, Sarah L. Archibald, and Christine Fennema-Notestine ; 9.3. Psychological Evaluations, Steven Paul Woods, Jordan Elizabeth Cattie, and Igor Grant ; 9.4. Viral and Cellular Biomarkers During Antiretroviral Therapy, Scott L. Letendre ; 9.5. Viral Dynamics, Ronald J. Ellis and Davey M. Smith ; 9.6. Viral Clades, Avindra Nath and Wenxue Li ; 9.7. Proteomics and Biomarkers, Pawel Ciborowski, Gwenael Pottiez, and Jayme Wiederin ; Chapter 10. Children and Adolescents ; 10.1. Clinical and Pathological Features of HIV-1 Encephalopathy in Children and Adolescents, Mark Mintz, Leroy Sharer, and Lucy Civitello ; 10.2. Infants, Children and Adolescents Nervous System Disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, Annelies Van Rie and Anna Dow ; 10.3. Psychosocial Aspects of Neurologic Impairment in Children with AIDS, Lori Wiener and Claude Mellins ; 10.4. Growing up with HIV Disease, Lynnae Schwartz, Leslie K. Serchuck, and Shirley F. Delair ; Chapter 11. Antiretroviral and Adjunctive Therapies ; 11.1. Current Concepts in the Treatment of HIV Infection with Focus on Brain Disease, Susan Swindells and Uriel Sandkovsky ; 11.2. Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Therapies, J. Allen McCutchan, Scott Letendre, Ronald J. Ellis, Brookie Best, and Edmund Capparelli ; 11.3. Treatment of Opportunistic Infections Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, David B. Clifford ; 11.4. Nanoformulated Medicines, Howard E. Gendelman, Upal Roy, Shantanu Balkundi, and JoEllyn McMillan ; 11.5. Antiretroviral nanotherapies, Madhavan P.N. Nair and Zainulabedin M. Saiyed ; 11.6. Adjunctive Medicines, Harris A. Gelbard and Stuart A. Lipton ; Chapter 12. Psychiatry and Psychobiology ; 12.1. Psychiatric Disorders, J. Hampton Atkinson, Nichole A. Duarte, and Glenn Treisman ; 12.2. Neuropsychiatry of Substance Abuse, Eileen M. Martin-Thomas, Andy Levine, and Raul Gonzalez ; 12.3. Psychobiology of Risk Behavior, David G. Ostrow ; 12.4. Everyday Impact of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders, Thomas D. Marcotte, J. Cobb Scott, Charles H. Hinkin, and Robert K. Heaton ; 12.5. Facing Legal and Ethical Challenges in the Treatment of AIDS, Glenn J. Treisman and Warren B. Treisman ; 12.6. Neuropsychological Testing, Kevin R. Robertson, Kevin J. Liner, Michelle Ro, and Robert K. Heaton ; 12.7. The impact of HIV subtype, cultural, and sociodemographic factors on HIV-1 infection and associated neuropathogenesis in Africa, Adelina Holguin, Damien C. Tully, and Charles Wood