The Teachings of the Master-Hearts

The Teachings of the Master-Hearts examines the formation, development, and intellectual significance of Ilme Kṣnum, an esoteric interpretation of Zoroastrianism that emerged among Parsis in modern India. By situating Ilme Kṣnum within the broader historical context of British colonialism, scientific modernity, revivalist nationalism, and the interconnected Persianate world, Mariano Errichiello presents Parsis as active agents who navigated and reconfigured multiple religious and intellectual currents.The book combines historical and textual approaches to explore how modern Zoroastrians constructed and contested religious authenticity through diverse interpretive practices. Central to the study is the figure of Behramshah Naoroji Shroff and the esoteric teachings attributed to the "master-hearts" (sāheb delān). Rather than treating Ilme Kṣnum as a marginal or derivative phenomenon, Errichiello frames it as a distinctive voice within a broader hermeneutical polyphony that characterizes modern Parsi religious thought.The work is structured in three main parts. The first develops a theoretical framework for the study of the socio-intellectual landscape of colonial India, examining how imperial power, scientific modernity, and revivalist nationalism shaped Parsi religious life. It also advances a conceptual model grounded in relational ontology and hermeneutics to interpret the plurality of religious expressions within the community through an analysis of the spaces and modes in which they are constituted. The second part anchors the study in textual scholarship through an English translation of a key Gujarati text of Ilme Kṣnum. The third part offers a glossary of technical Kṣnumic terms (logato), tracing their linguistic and conceptual genealogies across multiple languages and traditions. Taken together, the book's three sections position Ilme Kṣnum as a significant site of religious interpretation, challenging binary models and contributing to broader debates on esotericism, modernity, and the dynamics of religious change in South Asia.