John Gibbons is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St. Hilda's College. He received his PhD from Brown University. He has taught at New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He works on epistemology, action theory, and the philosophy of mind.

Gibbons' excellent book . . . is extremely rewarding. Not only does he offer interesting answers to foundational questions about epistemic normativity, he engages with some important questions in practical reason in a way that few epistemologists have done . . . I strongly recommend the book to those who work on normativity.

• PART I: THE AMBIGUITY THEORY; PART II: OBJECTIVISM; PART III: THE NATURAL REACTION; PART IV: SUBJECTIVISM

John Gibbons is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St. Hilda's College. He received his PhD from Brown University. He has taught at New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He works on epistemology, action theory, and the philosophy of mind.

Gibbons' excellent book . . . is extremely rewarding. Not only does he offer interesting answers to foundational questions about epistemic normativity, he engages with some important questions in practical reason in a way that few epistemologists have done . . . I strongly recommend the book to those who work on normativity.

• PART I: THE AMBIGUITY THEORY; PART II: OBJECTIVISM; PART III: THE NATURAL REACTION; PART IV: SUBJECTIVISM

John Gibbons is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of St. Hilda's College. He received his PhD from Brown University. He has taught at New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He works on epistemology, action theory, and the philosophy of mind.

Gibbons' excellent book . . . is extremely rewarding. Not only does he offer interesting answers to foundational questions about epistemic normativity, he engages with some important questions in practical reason in a way that few epistemologists have done . . . I strongly recommend the book to those who work on normativity.

• PART I: THE AMBIGUITY THEORY; PART II: OBJECTIVISM; PART III: THE NATURAL REACTION; PART IV: SUBJECTIVISM