Christopher Gough is a senior trainee in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine in the South West region of the UK. Within anaesthesia his interests include regional and paediatric anaesthesia, and within Intensive Care Medicine he has a interest in education and echocardiography, and is currently completing BSE accreditation in Critical Care Echocardiography.Justine Barnett has been a Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine at the Royal United Hospital Bath for 5 years. She trained in Bristol, Cambridge and Melbourne, and has a particular interest in safety in medicine and learning from incidents. Tim Cook has been a DGH consultant, employed full time, in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine for the last 20 years. He is the director of the National Audit Projects of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. In this or previous roles he has played a leading role in the last four 'NAPs' examining major complications in anaesthesia and in ICU: NAP3 on epidurals/spinal anaesthesia; NAP4 on airway management; NAP5 on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia and NAP6 on life-threatening perioperative -perioperative anaphylaxis. He also has 20 years of experience in clinical research for patient benefit.Jerry Nolan is a consultant in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine at the Royal United Hospital, Bath and Honorary Professor of Resuscitation Medicine at the University of Bristol. He is Chairman of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the immediate past Co-chairman of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Jerry is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Resuscitation. His research interests are in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, airway management, and post-cardiac arrest treatment.

• List of Contributors List of Abbreviations Case 1 Sepsis Laith Malhas and Ron Daniels Case 2 Acute heart failure Amy Krepska and Deirdre Murphy Case 3 Acute respiratory failure Catherine Bryant and Sanjoy Shah Case 4 Early management of multi- trauma Marius Rehn and David J. Lockey Case 5 Severe traumatic brain injury Virginia Newcombe and Jamie Cooper Case 6 Post- cardiac arrest care and prognostication Justine Barnett and Jerry Nolan Case 7 Subarachnoid haemorrhage Matthew A. Kirkman and Martin Smith Case 8 Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure Richard Hunt and Peter MacNaughton Case 9 Multiple organ support in an ageing population Matt Oliver and Dave Murray Case 10 Sedation and delirium Nim Pathmanathan and Paul Nixon Case 11 Acute-on-chronic liver failure Tasneem Pirani and Julia Wendon Case 12 Acute pancreatitis and renal replacement therapy Clinton Lobo, Kim Gupta, and Matt Thomas Case 13 Feeding, access, and thromboprophylaxis Martin Huntley and Ramani Moonesinghe Case 14 Malignancy and critical illness Nishita Desai and Gary Wares Case 15 Major burns Sian Alys Moxham and Amber E. Young Case 16 Prolonged mechanical ventilation and delayed weaning Patrick B. Murphy and Nicholas Hart Case 17 Pandemic planning and critical care Lucinda Gabriel and Jeremy Farrar Case 18 Organ donation and transplantation Andrew Ray and Alex Manara Index

Christopher Gough is a senior trainee in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine in the South West region of the UK. Within anaesthesia his interests include regional and paediatric anaesthesia, and within Intensive Care Medicine he has a interest in education and echocardiography, and is currently completing BSE accreditation in Critical Care Echocardiography.Justine Barnett has been a Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine at the Royal United Hospital Bath for 5 years. She trained in Bristol, Cambridge and Melbourne, and has a particular interest in safety in medicine and learning from incidents. Tim Cook has been a DGH consultant, employed full time, in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine for the last 20 years. He is the director of the National Audit Projects of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. In this or previous roles he has played a leading role in the last four 'NAPs' examining major complications in anaesthesia and in ICU: NAP3 on epidurals/spinal anaesthesia; NAP4 on airway management; NAP5 on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia and NAP6 on life-threatening perioperative -perioperative anaphylaxis. He also has 20 years of experience in clinical research for patient benefit.Jerry Nolan is a consultant in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine at the Royal United Hospital, Bath and Honorary Professor of Resuscitation Medicine at the University of Bristol. He is Chairman of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the immediate past Co-chairman of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Jerry is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Resuscitation. His research interests are in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, airway management, and post-cardiac arrest treatment.

• List of Contributors List of Abbreviations Case 1 Sepsis Laith Malhas and Ron Daniels Case 2 Acute heart failure Amy Krepska and Deirdre Murphy Case 3 Acute respiratory failure Catherine Bryant and Sanjoy Shah Case 4 Early management of multi- trauma Marius Rehn and David J. Lockey Case 5 Severe traumatic brain injury Virginia Newcombe and Jamie Cooper Case 6 Post- cardiac arrest care and prognostication Justine Barnett and Jerry Nolan Case 7 Subarachnoid haemorrhage Matthew A. Kirkman and Martin Smith Case 8 Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure Richard Hunt and Peter MacNaughton Case 9 Multiple organ support in an ageing population Matt Oliver and Dave Murray Case 10 Sedation and delirium Nim Pathmanathan and Paul Nixon Case 11 Acute-on-chronic liver failure Tasneem Pirani and Julia Wendon Case 12 Acute pancreatitis and renal replacement therapy Clinton Lobo, Kim Gupta, and Matt Thomas Case 13 Feeding, access, and thromboprophylaxis Martin Huntley and Ramani Moonesinghe Case 14 Malignancy and critical illness Nishita Desai and Gary Wares Case 15 Major burns Sian Alys Moxham and Amber E. Young Case 16 Prolonged mechanical ventilation and delayed weaning Patrick B. Murphy and Nicholas Hart Case 17 Pandemic planning and critical care Lucinda Gabriel and Jeremy Farrar Case 18 Organ donation and transplantation Andrew Ray and Alex Manara Index

Christopher Gough is a senior trainee in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine in the South West region of the UK. Within anaesthesia his interests include regional and paediatric anaesthesia, and within Intensive Care Medicine he has a interest in education and echocardiography, and is currently completing BSE accreditation in Critical Care Echocardiography.Justine Barnett has been a Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine at the Royal United Hospital Bath for 5 years. She trained in Bristol, Cambridge and Melbourne, and has a particular interest in safety in medicine and learning from incidents. Tim Cook has been a DGH consultant, employed full time, in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine for the last 20 years. He is the director of the National Audit Projects of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. In this or previous roles he has played a leading role in the last four 'NAPs' examining major complications in anaesthesia and in ICU: NAP3 on epidurals/spinal anaesthesia; NAP4 on airway management; NAP5 on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia and NAP6 on life-threatening perioperative -perioperative anaphylaxis. He also has 20 years of experience in clinical research for patient benefit.Jerry Nolan is a consultant in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine at the Royal United Hospital, Bath and Honorary Professor of Resuscitation Medicine at the University of Bristol. He is Chairman of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the immediate past Co-chairman of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Jerry is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Resuscitation. His research interests are in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, airway management, and post-cardiac arrest treatment.

• List of Contributors List of Abbreviations Case 1 Sepsis Laith Malhas and Ron Daniels Case 2 Acute heart failure Amy Krepska and Deirdre Murphy Case 3 Acute respiratory failure Catherine Bryant and Sanjoy Shah Case 4 Early management of multi- trauma Marius Rehn and David J. Lockey Case 5 Severe traumatic brain injury Virginia Newcombe and Jamie Cooper Case 6 Post- cardiac arrest care and prognostication Justine Barnett and Jerry Nolan Case 7 Subarachnoid haemorrhage Matthew A. Kirkman and Martin Smith Case 8 Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure Richard Hunt and Peter MacNaughton Case 9 Multiple organ support in an ageing population Matt Oliver and Dave Murray Case 10 Sedation and delirium Nim Pathmanathan and Paul Nixon Case 11 Acute-on-chronic liver failure Tasneem Pirani and Julia Wendon Case 12 Acute pancreatitis and renal replacement therapy Clinton Lobo, Kim Gupta, and Matt Thomas Case 13 Feeding, access, and thromboprophylaxis Martin Huntley and Ramani Moonesinghe Case 14 Malignancy and critical illness Nishita Desai and Gary Wares Case 15 Major burns Sian Alys Moxham and Amber E. Young Case 16 Prolonged mechanical ventilation and delayed weaning Patrick B. Murphy and Nicholas Hart Case 17 Pandemic planning and critical care Lucinda Gabriel and Jeremy Farrar Case 18 Organ donation and transplantation Andrew Ray and Alex Manara Index