Koen Lenaerts is President of the Court of Justice of the European Union and Professor of European Union law at Leuven University (KU Leuven). Since 2003, he has been a Judge of the Court of Justice of the European Union. From 2012 to 2015, he was Vice-President of the Court of Justice, and, since 8 October 2015, he has served as the President of the Court of Justice. Previously, from 1989 to 2003, he was a Judge of the General Court (formerly the Court of First Instance). He holds a Lic. Jur. and a Ph.D. in Law from Leuven University. He also holds a Master of Laws (LL.M.) and a Master in Public Administration (M.P.A.) from Harvard University. He is a member of the boards of several internationally recognized legal journals, and has published extensively on issues of EU procedural, institutional and substantive law. He is the co-author of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.Kathleen Gutman is a Référendaire (Legal Secretary) at the Court of Justice of the European Union. She holds a Ph.D. in Law and a Master of Arts (M.A.) in European Studies from Leuven University (KU Leuven). She also holds a Juris Doctor (J.D.) and Master of Laws (LL.M.) in International and Comparative Law from Duke University School of Law. She previously worked as a summer associate at the Brussels office of Van Bael & Bellis, litigation associate at the New York office of Jones Day, Assistant Professor of European Union law at Antwerp University, and Visiting Professor and Senior Affiliated Researcher at the Institute for European Law, Leuven University (KU Leuven). Her research and practice focus on the fields of EU procedural and institutional law. She is the co-author of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.Janek Tomasz Nowak is a member of the Brussels Bar and Guest Professor at the Free University of Brussels (VUB). He holds a Ph.D in Law from Leuven University (KU Leuven), a Lic. Jur. and Cand. Jur. from Antwerp University, and a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from King's College London. Since 2021, he has been an associate at the Brussels office of & De Bandt. He previously worked as a Junior Researcher at the Institute for European Law, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg, and Visiting Lecturer in European Union law at Management Center Innsbruck (MCI), Austria. His research and practice focus on the fields of EU and Belgian procedural, regulatory, and competition law. He is the editor of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.

• 1: General Introduction Part I: The Judicial Organization of the European Union 2: The Union Judicial System 3: Cooperation between National Courts and the Court of Justice: The Reference for a Preliminary Ruling 4: Union Law and Member State Procedures and Remedies Part II: Enforcement of Union Law 5: The Action for Infringement of Union Law by a Member State 6: Preliminary Rulings on the Interpretation of Union Law Part III: Protection Against Union Acts 7: The Action for Annulment 8: The Action for Failure to Act 9: The Objection of Illegality 10: Preliminary Rulings on the Validity of Union Acts 11: The Action for Damages 12: Applications for an Opinion on the Compatibility with the Treaties of an International Agreement To Be Concluded by the Union Part IV: Special Forms of Procedure 13: Proceedings for Interim Measures Before the Union Courts 14: Proceedings for Authorization to Serve a Garnishee Order on the Union 15: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts to Give Judgment pursuant to an Arbitration Clause or a Special Agreement 16: Proceedings Brought by Officials and Other Servants of the Union (Staff Cases) 17: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts Over Disputes Relating to Intellectual Property Rights 18: Unlimited Jurisdiction of the Union Courts in Respect of Actions Relating to Sanctions 19: Appeals 20: The Review Procedure 21: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts Under Conventions Concluded by the Member States Part V: Procedure Before the Union Courts 22: Start of the Procedure 23: Incidental Elements of the Procedure 24: Main Elements of the Procedure 25: Conclusion of the Procedure

Koen Lenaerts is President of the Court of Justice of the European Union and Professor of European Union law at Leuven University (KU Leuven). Since 2003, he has been a Judge of the Court of Justice of the European Union. From 2012 to 2015, he was Vice-President of the Court of Justice, and, since 8 October 2015, he has served as the President of the Court of Justice. Previously, from 1989 to 2003, he was a Judge of the General Court (formerly the Court of First Instance). He holds a Lic. Jur. and a Ph.D. in Law from Leuven University. He also holds a Master of Laws (LL.M.) and a Master in Public Administration (M.P.A.) from Harvard University. He is a member of the boards of several internationally recognized legal journals, and has published extensively on issues of EU procedural, institutional and substantive law. He is the co-author of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.Kathleen Gutman is a Référendaire (Legal Secretary) at the Court of Justice of the European Union. She holds a Ph.D. in Law and a Master of Arts (M.A.) in European Studies from Leuven University (KU Leuven). She also holds a Juris Doctor (J.D.) and Master of Laws (LL.M.) in International and Comparative Law from Duke University School of Law. She previously worked as a summer associate at the Brussels office of Van Bael & Bellis, litigation associate at the New York office of Jones Day, Assistant Professor of European Union law at Antwerp University, and Visiting Professor and Senior Affiliated Researcher at the Institute for European Law, Leuven University (KU Leuven). Her research and practice focus on the fields of EU procedural and institutional law. She is the co-author of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.Janek Tomasz Nowak is a member of the Brussels Bar and Guest Professor at the Free University of Brussels (VUB). He holds a Ph.D in Law from Leuven University (KU Leuven), a Lic. Jur. and Cand. Jur. from Antwerp University, and a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from King's College London. Since 2021, he has been an associate at the Brussels office of & De Bandt. He previously worked as a Junior Researcher at the Institute for European Law, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg, and Visiting Lecturer in European Union law at Management Center Innsbruck (MCI), Austria. His research and practice focus on the fields of EU and Belgian procedural, regulatory, and competition law. He is the editor of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.

• 1: General Introduction Part I: The Judicial Organization of the European Union 2: The Union Judicial System 3: Cooperation between National Courts and the Court of Justice: The Reference for a Preliminary Ruling 4: Union Law and Member State Procedures and Remedies Part II: Enforcement of Union Law 5: The Action for Infringement of Union Law by a Member State 6: Preliminary Rulings on the Interpretation of Union Law Part III: Protection Against Union Acts 7: The Action for Annulment 8: The Action for Failure to Act 9: The Objection of Illegality 10: Preliminary Rulings on the Validity of Union Acts 11: The Action for Damages 12: Applications for an Opinion on the Compatibility with the Treaties of an International Agreement To Be Concluded by the Union Part IV: Special Forms of Procedure 13: Proceedings for Interim Measures Before the Union Courts 14: Proceedings for Authorization to Serve a Garnishee Order on the Union 15: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts to Give Judgment pursuant to an Arbitration Clause or a Special Agreement 16: Proceedings Brought by Officials and Other Servants of the Union (Staff Cases) 17: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts Over Disputes Relating to Intellectual Property Rights 18: Unlimited Jurisdiction of the Union Courts in Respect of Actions Relating to Sanctions 19: Appeals 20: The Review Procedure 21: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts Under Conventions Concluded by the Member States Part V: Procedure Before the Union Courts 22: Start of the Procedure 23: Incidental Elements of the Procedure 24: Main Elements of the Procedure 25: Conclusion of the Procedure

Koen Lenaerts is President of the Court of Justice of the European Union and Professor of European Union law at Leuven University (KU Leuven). Since 2003, he has been a Judge of the Court of Justice of the European Union. From 2012 to 2015, he was Vice-President of the Court of Justice, and, since 8 October 2015, he has served as the President of the Court of Justice. Previously, from 1989 to 2003, he was a Judge of the General Court (formerly the Court of First Instance). He holds a Lic. Jur. and a Ph.D. in Law from Leuven University. He also holds a Master of Laws (LL.M.) and a Master in Public Administration (M.P.A.) from Harvard University. He is a member of the boards of several internationally recognized legal journals, and has published extensively on issues of EU procedural, institutional and substantive law. He is the co-author of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.Kathleen Gutman is a Référendaire (Legal Secretary) at the Court of Justice of the European Union. She holds a Ph.D. in Law and a Master of Arts (M.A.) in European Studies from Leuven University (KU Leuven). She also holds a Juris Doctor (J.D.) and Master of Laws (LL.M.) in International and Comparative Law from Duke University School of Law. She previously worked as a summer associate at the Brussels office of Van Bael & Bellis, litigation associate at the New York office of Jones Day, Assistant Professor of European Union law at Antwerp University, and Visiting Professor and Senior Affiliated Researcher at the Institute for European Law, Leuven University (KU Leuven). Her research and practice focus on the fields of EU procedural and institutional law. She is the co-author of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.Janek Tomasz Nowak is a member of the Brussels Bar and Guest Professor at the Free University of Brussels (VUB). He holds a Ph.D in Law from Leuven University (KU Leuven), a Lic. Jur. and Cand. Jur. from Antwerp University, and a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from King's College London. Since 2021, he has been an associate at the Brussels office of & De Bandt. He previously worked as a Junior Researcher at the Institute for European Law, Leuven University (KU Leuven), Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg, and Visiting Lecturer in European Union law at Management Center Innsbruck (MCI), Austria. His research and practice focus on the fields of EU and Belgian procedural, regulatory, and competition law. He is the editor of the first edition of EU Procedural Law.

• 1: General Introduction Part I: The Judicial Organization of the European Union 2: The Union Judicial System 3: Cooperation between National Courts and the Court of Justice: The Reference for a Preliminary Ruling 4: Union Law and Member State Procedures and Remedies Part II: Enforcement of Union Law 5: The Action for Infringement of Union Law by a Member State 6: Preliminary Rulings on the Interpretation of Union Law Part III: Protection Against Union Acts 7: The Action for Annulment 8: The Action for Failure to Act 9: The Objection of Illegality 10: Preliminary Rulings on the Validity of Union Acts 11: The Action for Damages 12: Applications for an Opinion on the Compatibility with the Treaties of an International Agreement To Be Concluded by the Union Part IV: Special Forms of Procedure 13: Proceedings for Interim Measures Before the Union Courts 14: Proceedings for Authorization to Serve a Garnishee Order on the Union 15: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts to Give Judgment pursuant to an Arbitration Clause or a Special Agreement 16: Proceedings Brought by Officials and Other Servants of the Union (Staff Cases) 17: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts Over Disputes Relating to Intellectual Property Rights 18: Unlimited Jurisdiction of the Union Courts in Respect of Actions Relating to Sanctions 19: Appeals 20: The Review Procedure 21: Jurisdiction of the Union Courts Under Conventions Concluded by the Member States Part V: Procedure Before the Union Courts 22: Start of the Procedure 23: Incidental Elements of the Procedure 24: Main Elements of the Procedure 25: Conclusion of the Procedure