What started as a sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States in 2007 snowballed into global recession and later transformed into an economic crisis, if not a sociopolitical one. This was followed by the euro area debt crisis. While the period 2014–9 was marked by a return to the growth trajectory, albeit of the new normal variety, various headwinds affected such growth, including the United States–China trade war and the initially ambiguous Brexit signals culminating in the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union. In 2020, the world witnessed the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and a return to more aggressive fiscal and monetary stimuli. In this revised edition of Financial and Fiscal Policies, the authors highlight the challenges posed by the global crisis and analyse the interactions between monetary, fiscal, and financial policies, exploring cross-country experiences, especially the economics of the euro area and India. Focusing on public debt management, sovereign debt restructuring, taxation, and financial sector and sub-national finance regulation, this book offers an understanding of future institutional arrangements.
