Santhosh Mathew is a political economist with extensive experience as a civil servant within the Indian Administrative Service. He was Professor of Social Management at India's civil service college in Mussoorie and National Program Director of the Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD) program in India. He is currently with the Gates Foundation in New Delhi, where he leads a team that works on state capacity, public finance, health systems design, and human resources in health. Mathew holds a PhD in Development Studies from the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, an MSc in Social Research Methods from the University of Sussex, and an MA in Economics from Delhi School of Economics.Bhumi Purohit is an Assistant Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University. Her research examines governance and gender politics in India. Purohit holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, an MSc in Area Studies with a concentration in Modern South Asia from the University of Oxford, and a BA in Public Policy from Duke University.Devesh Sharma is a Senior Program Officer at the Gates Foundation, where he works on digital public finance. Previously, he has worked on public financial management reforms, strengthening cash transfer programmes, digital financial services, taxation advisory, and securities markets compliance. Sharma is a Chartered Accountant and holds a Master's degree in Public Administration from Harvard Kennedy School.

• 1: Introduction 2: The Existing Narratives of India's Public Service Delivery Challenges 3: History of Public Financial Management Reforms 4: Architectural Challenges in India's Public Financial Management 5: Consequences of Public Financial Management Architecture on Public Service Delivery 6: Public Financial Management: From Good to Great 7: Outcomes of Proposed Changes in the Architecture 8: Institutionalizing Improvements in Public Finance Management 9: Conclusion: Risks and Opportunities Appendix 1: Learning from Existing Systems in India Appendix 2: Learning from Existing Systems in Latin America Appendix 3: Beyond-the-Last-Mile Connectivity Appendix 4: Eligibility Criteria in Programme-Specific Platforms Appendix 5: Personal Account

Santhosh Mathew is a political economist with extensive experience as a civil servant within the Indian Administrative Service. He was Professor of Social Management at India's civil service college in Mussoorie and National Program Director of the Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD) program in India. He is currently with the Gates Foundation in New Delhi, where he leads a team that works on state capacity, public finance, health systems design, and human resources in health. Mathew holds a PhD in Development Studies from the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, an MSc in Social Research Methods from the University of Sussex, and an MA in Economics from Delhi School of Economics.Bhumi Purohit is an Assistant Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University. Her research examines governance and gender politics in India. Purohit holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, an MSc in Area Studies with a concentration in Modern South Asia from the University of Oxford, and a BA in Public Policy from Duke University.Devesh Sharma is a Senior Program Officer at the Gates Foundation, where he works on digital public finance. Previously, he has worked on public financial management reforms, strengthening cash transfer programmes, digital financial services, taxation advisory, and securities markets compliance. Sharma is a Chartered Accountant and holds a Master's degree in Public Administration from Harvard Kennedy School.

• 1: Introduction 2: The Existing Narratives of India's Public Service Delivery Challenges 3: History of Public Financial Management Reforms 4: Architectural Challenges in India's Public Financial Management 5: Consequences of Public Financial Management Architecture on Public Service Delivery 6: Public Financial Management: From Good to Great 7: Outcomes of Proposed Changes in the Architecture 8: Institutionalizing Improvements in Public Finance Management 9: Conclusion: Risks and Opportunities Appendix 1: Learning from Existing Systems in India Appendix 2: Learning from Existing Systems in Latin America Appendix 3: Beyond-the-Last-Mile Connectivity Appendix 4: Eligibility Criteria in Programme-Specific Platforms Appendix 5: Personal Account