Rudolf Botha is Professor of General Linguistics at the University of Stellenbosch, and a Fellow of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study. His books include Form and Meaning in Word Formation: A Study of Afrikaans Reduplication (CUP 1988), Unravelling the Evolution of Language (Elsevier 2003) and, co-edited with C. Knight, The Cradle of Language and The Prehistory of Language (both OUP 2009).Martin Everaert is Professor of Linguistics and Director of the Institute of Linguistics at the University of Utrecht. His research interests include syntactic theory and the lexicon-syntax interface and his books The Syntax of Reflexivization, (Dordrecht: Foris 1986) and, as co-editor, The Unaccusativity Puzzle (OUP 2004), The Blackwell Companion to Syntax (2007), and The Theta Sytsem (OUP 2012).

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• 1. Introduction: evidence and inference in the study of language evolution ; 2. What is special about the human language faculty and how did it get that way? ; 3. Language has evolved to depend on multiple-cue integration ; 4. Homesign as a way-station between co-speech gesture and sign language: the evolution of segmenting and sequencing ; 5. Kin selection, pedagogy and linguistic complexity: whence protolanguage? ; 6. Neanderthal linguistic abilities: an alternative view ; 7. The archaeology of number concept and its implications for the evolution of language ; 8. The evolution of semantics: sharing conceptual domains ; 9. Speech-gesture links and the ontogeny and phylogeny of gestural communication ; 10. Exploring the gaps between primate calls and human language ; 11. Talking about apes, birds, bees, and other living creatures: language evolution in light of comparative animal behaviour ; 12. FoxP2 and deep homology in the evolution of birdsong and human language ; 13. Genetics, evolution, and the innateness of language ; References ; Indexes