Robert A. Manners (1913-1996) received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and carried on field work in the Caribbean, among American Indians in the Southwest, and in East Africa. He wrote numerous articles and reviews for anthropological journals as well as many books. He was professor of anthropology, Brandeis University where he started up the department.David Kaplan is professor emeritus of anthropology at Brandeis University. He has contributed articles and reviews to various journals. He has also done field work in Mexico and his areas of specialty include economic anthropology, method and theory, and peasant culture of Mesoamerica.

• Introduction: The Plan of the Book, Notes on Theory and Non-Theory in Anthropology, 1. On the Concept of Culture, 2. The Superorganic: Science or Metaphysics, 3. The Difficulties, Achievements, and Limitations of Social Anthropology, 4. Social Anthropology: Past and Present, 5. Social Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Comparison, 6. On Explanation, 7. The Natural Science Ideal in the Social Sciences, 8. Explanation and Comparative Dynamics in Social Science, 9. The Phenomenological and Naturalistic Approaches to the Social, 10. Causes, Functions, and Cross-Cousin Marriage: An Essay in Anthropological Explanation, 11. Understanding and Explanation in Social Anthropology, 12. Levels of Sociocultural Integration: An Operational Concept, 13. Zufii: Some Observations and Queries, 14. A Chinese Phase in Social Anthropology, 15. Functionalism, Realpolitik, and Anthropology, in Underdeveloped Areas, 16. Some Criticisms of Cultural Relativism, 17. Observation and Generalization in Cultural Anthropology, 18. Residence Rules, 19. Conflict and Congruence in Anthropological Theory, 20. Limits to Functionalism and Alternatives to It in Anthropology, 21. Functional Analysis of Change, 22. Function and Cause, 23. On Social Structure, 24. Evolution: Specific and General, 25. Multilinear Evolution: Evolution and Process, 26. On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State, 27. Language and Evolution, 28. History and Science in Anthropology, 29. Some Issues in the Logic of Historical Analysis, 30. Indian-European Relations in Colonial Latin America, 31. Closed Corporate Peasant Communities in Mesoamerica and Central Java, 32. The Influence of Linguistics on Early Culture and Personality Theory, 33. Personality and Social Structure, 34. Behavioral Evolution and the Emergence of the Self, 35. Cultural and Cognitive Discontinuity, 36. Culture and Environment: The Study of Cultural Ecology, 37. The Frontier in History, 38. Ecologic Relations of Ethnic Groups in Swat, North Pakistan, 39. Tappers and Trappers: Parallel Process in Acculturation, PART VII: IDEOLOGY, LANGUAGE, AND VALUES, 40. Sociological Aspects of the Relation between Language and Culture, 41. Language, Thought, and Culture, 42. Linguistic Relativity: The Views of Benjamin Lee Whorf, 43. Belief and Knowledge, 44. Social Beliefs and Individual Thinking in Tribal Society, 45. On Norms and Values, 46. Studies in Ethnoscience, 47. The Psychic Unity of Human Groups, 48. The Ethnographic Study of Cognitive Systems, 49. Cognition and Componential Analysis: God's Truth or Hocus-Pocus?, 50. Some Comments on Formal Analysis of Grammatical and Semantic Systems, 51. Structural Analysis in Linguistics and Anthropology, 52. Claude Levi-Strauss-Anthropologist and Philosopher, 53. The Cerebral Savage: On the Work of Claude Levi-Strauss, Selected Bibliography

Robert A. Manners (1913-1996) received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and carried on field work in the Caribbean, among American Indians in the Southwest, and in East Africa. He wrote numerous articles and reviews for anthropological journals as well as many books. He was professor of anthropology, Brandeis University where he started up the department.David Kaplan is professor emeritus of anthropology at Brandeis University. He has contributed articles and reviews to various journals. He has also done field work in Mexico and his areas of specialty include economic anthropology, method and theory, and peasant culture of Mesoamerica.

• Introduction: The Plan of the Book, Notes on Theory and Non-Theory in Anthropology, 1. On the Concept of Culture, 2. The Superorganic: Science or Metaphysics, 3. The Difficulties, Achievements, and Limitations of Social Anthropology, 4. Social Anthropology: Past and Present, 5. Social Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Comparison, 6. On Explanation, 7. The Natural Science Ideal in the Social Sciences, 8. Explanation and Comparative Dynamics in Social Science, 9. The Phenomenological and Naturalistic Approaches to the Social, 10. Causes, Functions, and Cross-Cousin Marriage: An Essay in Anthropological Explanation, 11. Understanding and Explanation in Social Anthropology, 12. Levels of Sociocultural Integration: An Operational Concept, 13. Zufii: Some Observations and Queries, 14. A Chinese Phase in Social Anthropology, 15. Functionalism, Realpolitik, and Anthropology, in Underdeveloped Areas, 16. Some Criticisms of Cultural Relativism, 17. Observation and Generalization in Cultural Anthropology, 18. Residence Rules, 19. Conflict and Congruence in Anthropological Theory, 20. Limits to Functionalism and Alternatives to It in Anthropology, 21. Functional Analysis of Change, 22. Function and Cause, 23. On Social Structure, 24. Evolution: Specific and General, 25. Multilinear Evolution: Evolution and Process, 26. On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State, 27. Language and Evolution, 28. History and Science in Anthropology, 29. Some Issues in the Logic of Historical Analysis, 30. Indian-European Relations in Colonial Latin America, 31. Closed Corporate Peasant Communities in Mesoamerica and Central Java, 32. The Influence of Linguistics on Early Culture and Personality Theory, 33. Personality and Social Structure, 34. Behavioral Evolution and the Emergence of the Self, 35. Cultural and Cognitive Discontinuity, 36. Culture and Environment: The Study of Cultural Ecology, 37. The Frontier in History, 38. Ecologic Relations of Ethnic Groups in Swat, North Pakistan, 39. Tappers and Trappers: Parallel Process in Acculturation, PART VII: IDEOLOGY, LANGUAGE, AND VALUES, 40. Sociological Aspects of the Relation between Language and Culture, 41. Language, Thought, and Culture, 42. Linguistic Relativity: The Views of Benjamin Lee Whorf, 43. Belief and Knowledge, 44. Social Beliefs and Individual Thinking in Tribal Society, 45. On Norms and Values, 46. Studies in Ethnoscience, 47. The Psychic Unity of Human Groups, 48. The Ethnographic Study of Cognitive Systems, 49. Cognition and Componential Analysis: God's Truth or Hocus-Pocus?, 50. Some Comments on Formal Analysis of Grammatical and Semantic Systems, 51. Structural Analysis in Linguistics and Anthropology, 52. Claude Levi-Strauss-Anthropologist and Philosopher, 53. The Cerebral Savage: On the Work of Claude Levi-Strauss, Selected Bibliography

Robert A. Manners (1913-1996) received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and carried on field work in the Caribbean, among American Indians in the Southwest, and in East Africa. He wrote numerous articles and reviews for anthropological journals as well as many books. He was professor of anthropology, Brandeis University where he started up the department.David Kaplan is professor emeritus of anthropology at Brandeis University. He has contributed articles and reviews to various journals. He has also done field work in Mexico and his areas of specialty include economic anthropology, method and theory, and peasant culture of Mesoamerica.

• Introduction: The Plan of the Book, Notes on Theory and Non-Theory in Anthropology, 1. On the Concept of Culture, 2. The Superorganic: Science or Metaphysics, 3. The Difficulties, Achievements, and Limitations of Social Anthropology, 4. Social Anthropology: Past and Present, 5. Social Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Comparison, 6. On Explanation, 7. The Natural Science Ideal in the Social Sciences, 8. Explanation and Comparative Dynamics in Social Science, 9. The Phenomenological and Naturalistic Approaches to the Social, 10. Causes, Functions, and Cross-Cousin Marriage: An Essay in Anthropological Explanation, 11. Understanding and Explanation in Social Anthropology, 12. Levels of Sociocultural Integration: An Operational Concept, 13. Zufii: Some Observations and Queries, 14. A Chinese Phase in Social Anthropology, 15. Functionalism, Realpolitik, and Anthropology, in Underdeveloped Areas, 16. Some Criticisms of Cultural Relativism, 17. Observation and Generalization in Cultural Anthropology, 18. Residence Rules, 19. Conflict and Congruence in Anthropological Theory, 20. Limits to Functionalism and Alternatives to It in Anthropology, 21. Functional Analysis of Change, 22. Function and Cause, 23. On Social Structure, 24. Evolution: Specific and General, 25. Multilinear Evolution: Evolution and Process, 26. On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State, 27. Language and Evolution, 28. History and Science in Anthropology, 29. Some Issues in the Logic of Historical Analysis, 30. Indian-European Relations in Colonial Latin America, 31. Closed Corporate Peasant Communities in Mesoamerica and Central Java, 32. The Influence of Linguistics on Early Culture and Personality Theory, 33. Personality and Social Structure, 34. Behavioral Evolution and the Emergence of the Self, 35. Cultural and Cognitive Discontinuity, 36. Culture and Environment: The Study of Cultural Ecology, 37. The Frontier in History, 38. Ecologic Relations of Ethnic Groups in Swat, North Pakistan, 39. Tappers and Trappers: Parallel Process in Acculturation, PART VII: IDEOLOGY, LANGUAGE, AND VALUES, 40. Sociological Aspects of the Relation between Language and Culture, 41. Language, Thought, and Culture, 42. Linguistic Relativity: The Views of Benjamin Lee Whorf, 43. Belief and Knowledge, 44. Social Beliefs and Individual Thinking in Tribal Society, 45. On Norms and Values, 46. Studies in Ethnoscience, 47. The Psychic Unity of Human Groups, 48. The Ethnographic Study of Cognitive Systems, 49. Cognition and Componential Analysis: God's Truth or Hocus-Pocus?, 50. Some Comments on Formal Analysis of Grammatical and Semantic Systems, 51. Structural Analysis in Linguistics and Anthropology, 52. Claude Levi-Strauss-Anthropologist and Philosopher, 53. The Cerebral Savage: On the Work of Claude Levi-Strauss, Selected Bibliography