Alberto Alesina is the Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard University and a research associate and director of the Political Economy Program of the NBER. Francesco Giavazzi is professor of economics at Bocconi University, Italy; visiting professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and a research associate of the NBER.

Alberto Alesina is the Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard University and a research associate and director of the Political Economy Program of the NBER. Francesco Giavazzi is professor of economics at Bocconi University, Italy; visiting professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and a research associate of the NBER.

Alberto Alesina is the Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard University and a research associate and director of the Political Economy Program of the NBER. Francesco Giavazzi is professor of economics at Bocconi University, Italy; visiting professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and a research associate of the NBER.