Lee C. Bollinger served as Columbia University’s nineteenth president from 2002 to 2023, the longest tenure of any contemporary Ivy League president. He is the first Seth Low Professor of the University, a member of the Columbia Law School faculty, and a renowned constitutional scholar. Bollinger is one of the country’s most prominent voices for robust freedom of speech and a leading advocate for affirmative action.

The issues that Lee Bollinger confronted during his more than two decades as Columbia’s president are questions that grip us still: free speech, freedom of the press, affirmative action and racial justice, the purposes of universities. His words over that near quarter century of challenge and change vividly illuminate both where we have been and where we might go.

• AcknowledgmentsPreface1. Inaugural Address, October 3, 20022. Seven Myths About Affirmative Action in Universities, 20023. Statement on the Future of Journalism Education, April 15, 20034. A Resounding Victory for Diversity on Campus, June 24, 20035. Educational Equity and Quality: Brown and Rodriguez and Their Aftermath, November 3, 20036. Cardozo Lecture on Academic Freedom, March 23, 20057. Commencement Address, May 17, 20068. Statement About President Ahmadinejad’s Scheduled Appearance at the World Leader’s Forum, September 19, 20079. Introduction of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of the Islamic Republic of Iran, September 24, 200710. Commencement Address, May 21, 200811. Globalization and Free Press, 201112. A Free Press for a Global Society, October 10, 201013. The Pentagon Papers, June 22, 201114. The Real Mismatch, May 30, 201315. To Move Forward, We Must Look Back, June 27, 201316. Sixty Years Later, We Need a New Brown, May 16, 201417. Commencement Address, May 21, 201418. How to Free Speech: Americans Only Figured Out Free Speech Fifty Years Ago. Here’s How the World Can Follow Our Lead., February 12, 201519. What Once Was Lost Must Now Be Found: Rediscovering an Affirmative Action Jurisprudence Informed by the Reality of Race in America, April 12, 201620. Commencement Address, May 18, 201621. Affirmative Action Isn’t Just a Legal Issue. It’s Also a Historical One., June 24, 201622. The No-Censorship Approach to Life, September 18, 201623. Our Spiritual Plank, October 24, 201624. Commencement Address, May 17, 201725. Convocation Address, August 27, 201726. Can the First Amendment Save Us?, October 5, 201727. Remarks at the Opening of The Forum, September 26, 201828. The Free Speech Century: A Retrospective and a Guide, Part 1: One Hundred Years of Free Speech, November 5, 201829. The Free Speech Century: A Retrospective and a Guide, Part 2: The Next Hundred Years—A Global Public Forum, November 6, 201830. How the U.S. Could Prosecute Jamal Khashoggi’s Killers, March 31, 201931. Commencement Address, May 22, 201932. Convocation Address, August 25, 201933. The Future of the University, October 19, 201934. Statement to the University Senate Plenary Regarding the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) Movement, March 6, 202035. Announcing the Columbia Climate School, July 10, 202036. Commencement Address, April 30, 202137. Commencement Address, May 18, 202238. Convocation Address, August 28, 202239. Welcome Remarks, April 18, 202340. Farewell Dinner Remarks, April 28, 202341. Columbia College Class Day Address, May 16, 202342. Commencement Address, May 17, 2023NotesOther Books by Lee C. BollingerIndex

Lee C. Bollinger served as Columbia University’s nineteenth president from 2002 to 2023, the longest tenure of any contemporary Ivy League president. He is the first Seth Low Professor of the University, a member of the Columbia Law School faculty, and a renowned constitutional scholar. Bollinger is one of the country’s most prominent voices for robust freedom of speech and a leading advocate for affirmative action.

The issues that Lee Bollinger confronted during his more than two decades as Columbia’s president are questions that grip us still: free speech, freedom of the press, affirmative action and racial justice, the purposes of universities. His words over that near quarter century of challenge and change vividly illuminate both where we have been and where we might go.

• AcknowledgmentsPreface1. Inaugural Address, October 3, 20022. Seven Myths About Affirmative Action in Universities, 20023. Statement on the Future of Journalism Education, April 15, 20034. A Resounding Victory for Diversity on Campus, June 24, 20035. Educational Equity and Quality: Brown and Rodriguez and Their Aftermath, November 3, 20036. Cardozo Lecture on Academic Freedom, March 23, 20057. Commencement Address, May 17, 20068. Statement About President Ahmadinejad’s Scheduled Appearance at the World Leader’s Forum, September 19, 20079. Introduction of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of the Islamic Republic of Iran, September 24, 200710. Commencement Address, May 21, 200811. Globalization and Free Press, 201112. A Free Press for a Global Society, October 10, 201013. The Pentagon Papers, June 22, 201114. The Real Mismatch, May 30, 201315. To Move Forward, We Must Look Back, June 27, 201316. Sixty Years Later, We Need a New Brown, May 16, 201417. Commencement Address, May 21, 201418. How to Free Speech: Americans Only Figured Out Free Speech Fifty Years Ago. Here’s How the World Can Follow Our Lead., February 12, 201519. What Once Was Lost Must Now Be Found: Rediscovering an Affirmative Action Jurisprudence Informed by the Reality of Race in America, April 12, 201620. Commencement Address, May 18, 201621. Affirmative Action Isn’t Just a Legal Issue. It’s Also a Historical One., June 24, 201622. The No-Censorship Approach to Life, September 18, 201623. Our Spiritual Plank, October 24, 201624. Commencement Address, May 17, 201725. Convocation Address, August 27, 201726. Can the First Amendment Save Us?, October 5, 201727. Remarks at the Opening of The Forum, September 26, 201828. The Free Speech Century: A Retrospective and a Guide, Part 1: One Hundred Years of Free Speech, November 5, 201829. The Free Speech Century: A Retrospective and a Guide, Part 2: The Next Hundred Years—A Global Public Forum, November 6, 201830. How the U.S. Could Prosecute Jamal Khashoggi’s Killers, March 31, 201931. Commencement Address, May 22, 201932. Convocation Address, August 25, 201933. The Future of the University, October 19, 201934. Statement to the University Senate Plenary Regarding the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) Movement, March 6, 202035. Announcing the Columbia Climate School, July 10, 202036. Commencement Address, April 30, 202137. Commencement Address, May 18, 202238. Convocation Address, August 28, 202239. Welcome Remarks, April 18, 202340. Farewell Dinner Remarks, April 28, 202341. Columbia College Class Day Address, May 16, 202342. Commencement Address, May 17, 2023NotesOther Books by Lee C. BollingerIndex

Lee C. Bollinger served as Columbia University’s nineteenth president from 2002 to 2023, the longest tenure of any contemporary Ivy League president. He is the first Seth Low Professor of the University, a member of the Columbia Law School faculty, and a renowned constitutional scholar. Bollinger is one of the country’s most prominent voices for robust freedom of speech and a leading advocate for affirmative action.

The issues that Lee Bollinger confronted during his more than two decades as Columbia’s president are questions that grip us still: free speech, freedom of the press, affirmative action and racial justice, the purposes of universities. His words over that near quarter century of challenge and change vividly illuminate both where we have been and where we might go.

• AcknowledgmentsPreface1. Inaugural Address, October 3, 20022. Seven Myths About Affirmative Action in Universities, 20023. Statement on the Future of Journalism Education, April 15, 20034. A Resounding Victory for Diversity on Campus, June 24, 20035. Educational Equity and Quality: Brown and Rodriguez and Their Aftermath, November 3, 20036. Cardozo Lecture on Academic Freedom, March 23, 20057. Commencement Address, May 17, 20068. Statement About President Ahmadinejad’s Scheduled Appearance at the World Leader’s Forum, September 19, 20079. Introduction of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of the Islamic Republic of Iran, September 24, 200710. Commencement Address, May 21, 200811. Globalization and Free Press, 201112. A Free Press for a Global Society, October 10, 201013. The Pentagon Papers, June 22, 201114. The Real Mismatch, May 30, 201315. To Move Forward, We Must Look Back, June 27, 201316. Sixty Years Later, We Need a New Brown, May 16, 201417. Commencement Address, May 21, 201418. How to Free Speech: Americans Only Figured Out Free Speech Fifty Years Ago. Here’s How the World Can Follow Our Lead., February 12, 201519. What Once Was Lost Must Now Be Found: Rediscovering an Affirmative Action Jurisprudence Informed by the Reality of Race in America, April 12, 201620. Commencement Address, May 18, 201621. Affirmative Action Isn’t Just a Legal Issue. It’s Also a Historical One., June 24, 201622. The No-Censorship Approach to Life, September 18, 201623. Our Spiritual Plank, October 24, 201624. Commencement Address, May 17, 201725. Convocation Address, August 27, 201726. Can the First Amendment Save Us?, October 5, 201727. Remarks at the Opening of The Forum, September 26, 201828. The Free Speech Century: A Retrospective and a Guide, Part 1: One Hundred Years of Free Speech, November 5, 201829. The Free Speech Century: A Retrospective and a Guide, Part 2: The Next Hundred Years—A Global Public Forum, November 6, 201830. How the U.S. Could Prosecute Jamal Khashoggi’s Killers, March 31, 201931. Commencement Address, May 22, 201932. Convocation Address, August 25, 201933. The Future of the University, October 19, 201934. Statement to the University Senate Plenary Regarding the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) Movement, March 6, 202035. Announcing the Columbia Climate School, July 10, 202036. Commencement Address, April 30, 202137. Commencement Address, May 18, 202238. Convocation Address, August 28, 202239. Welcome Remarks, April 18, 202340. Farewell Dinner Remarks, April 28, 202341. Columbia College Class Day Address, May 16, 202342. Commencement Address, May 17, 2023NotesOther Books by Lee C. BollingerIndex