Atlas of Illinois Fishes

Brian A. Metzke is State Aquatic Ecologist for the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Brooks M. Burr is Emeritus Professor of Zoology at Southern Illinois University Carbondale and a coeditor of Freshwater Fishes of North America. Leon C. Hinz Jr. is the Wildlife Action Plan Coordinator for the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Lawrence M. Page is Curator of Fishes at the Florida Museum of Natural History. He is coauthor of Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Christopher A. Taylor is an aquatic biologist and Curator of Fishes and Crustaceans with the Illinois Natural History Survey at the Prairie Research Institute at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

"There are identification keys, photos, range maps, conservation information and more. This one fills a welcome need in my fish reference library. Any fish nerd would enjoy it." --Nature "'An Atlas of Illinois Fishes' joins the pantheon on the shelf left of my desk, within easy reach. " -- Dale Bowman, Chicago Sun-Times"The authors have done an excellent job in tracking down a tremendous amount of great information, both published and unpublished, about fish distribution in Illinois, and the thoroughness of their analyses and the detail they provide are impressive."--John Lyons, Curator of Fishes, University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum "What a monumental endeavor--to capture all that has changed in Illinois fish diversity and distribution in recent times. The result is a reference that will be enjoyed by scientist and naturalist alike."--Brant Fisher, Indiana Department of Natural Resources "If you are an amateur naturalist, An Atlas of Illinois Fishes: 150 Years of Change will be a welcome addition to your home library. If you are a professional biologist, the book will be a welcome addition to your office bookshelf. And, that’s just what the authors had in mind when they decided to write the book. It’s the first definitive book written on Illinois fish in 40 years." --Les Winkeler, Southern Illinoisan

• xv Acknowledgments1 Purpose and Scope3 Setting the Scene12 A Historical Perspective of Illinois Fishes17 Fish Morphology20 Organization of Illinois Family and Species Accounts21 Methods for Mapping Species Distributions26 Key to the Families of Illinois Fishes41 LAMPREYS (Family Petromyzontidae)42 Key to the Lampreys46 Ohio Lamprey, Itchthyomyzon bdellium47 Chestnut Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon castaneus48 Northern Brook Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon fossor49 Silver Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis50 Least Brook Lamprey, Lampetra aepyptera51 American Brook Lamprey, Lethenteron appendix52 Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus53 STURGEONS (Family Acipenseridae)54 Key to the Sturgeons56 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens57 Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus58 Shovelnose Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus59 PADDLEFISHES (Family Polyodontidae)60 Paddlefish, Polyodon spathula61 GARS (Family Lepisosteidae)62 Key to the Gars64 Alligator Gar, Atractosteus spatula65 Spotted Gar, Lepisosteus oculatus66 Longnose Gar, Lepisosteus osseus67 Shortnose Gar, Lepisosteus platostomus68 BOWFINS (Family Amiidae)69 Bowfin, Amia calva70 FRESHWATER EELS (Family Anguillidae)71 American Eel, Anguilla rostrata72 MOONEYES (Family Hiodontidae)73 Key to the Mooneyes74 Goldeye, Hiodon alosoides75 Mooneye, Hiodon tergisus76 SHADS AND HERRINGS (Family Clupeidae)77 Key to the Shad and Herrings79 Alabama Shad, Alosa alabamae80 Skip Jack Herring, Alosa chrysochloris81 Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus82 Gizzard Shad, Dorosoma cepedianum83 Threadfin Shad, Dorosoma petenense84 SUCKERS (Family Catostomidae)85 Key to the Suckers94 River Carpsucker, Carpiodes carpio95 Quillback, Carpiodes cyprinus96 Highfin Carpsucker, Carpiodes velifer97 Longnose Sucker, Catostomus catostomus98 White Sucker, Catostomus commersonii99 Blue Sucker, Cycleptus elongatus100 Western Creek Chubsucker, Erimyzon claviformis101 Lake Chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta102 Northern Hog Sucker, Hypentelium nigricans103 Smallmouth Buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus104 Bigmouth Buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus105 Black Buffalo, Ictiobus niger106 Spotted Sucker, Minytrema melanops107 Silver Redhorse, Moxostoma anisurum108 River Redhorse, Moxostoma carinaturm109 Black Redhorse, Moxostoma duquesnei110 Golden Redhorse, Moxostoma erythrurum111 Shorthead Redhorse, Moxostoma macrolepidotum112 Greater Redhorse, Moxostoma valenciennesi113 BARBS AND CARPS (Family Cyprinidae)114 Key to the Barbs and Carps115 Goldfish, Carassius auratus116 Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio117 SHARPBELLIES (Family Xenocyprididae)118 Key to the Sharpbellies120 Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella121 Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix122 Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis123 Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus124 MINNOWS (Family Leuciscidae)125 Key to the Minnows153 Central Stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum154 Largescale Stoneroller, Campostoma oligolepis155 Southern Redbelly Dace, Chrosomus erythrogaster156 Redside Dace, Clinostomus elongatus157 Lake Chub, Couesius plumbeus158 Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis159 Spotfin Shiner, Cyprinella spiloptera160 Blacktail Shiner, Cyprinella venusta161 Steelcolor Shiner, Cyprinella whipplei162 Silverjaw Minnow, Ericymba buccata163 Gravel Chub, Erimystax x-punctatus164 Western Silvery Minnow, Hybognathus argyritis165 Brassy Minnow, Hybognathus hankinsoni166 Cypress Minnow, Hybognathus hayi167 Mississippi Silvery Minnow, Hybognathus nuchalis168 Plains Minnow, Hybognathus placitus169 Bigeye Chub, Hybopsis amblops170 Pallid Shiner, Hybopsis amnis171 Striped Shiner, Luxilus chrysocephalus172 Common Shiner, Luxilus cornutus173 Bleeding Shiner, Luxilus zonatus174 Scarlet Shiner, Lythrurus fasciolaris175 Ribbon Shiner, Lythrurus fumeus176 Redfin Shiner, Lythrurus umbratilis177 Sturgeon Chub, Macrhybopsis gelida178 Shoal Chub, Macrhybopsis hyostoma179 Sicklefin Chub, Macrhybopsis meeki180 Silver Chub, Macrhybopsis storeriana181 Hornyhead Chub, Nocomis biguttatus182 River Chub, Nocomis micropogon183 Golden Shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas184 Pugnose Shiner, Notropis anogenus185 Emerald Shiner, Notropis atherinoides186 River Shiner, Notropis blennius187 Bigeye Shiner, Notropis boops188 Ghost Shiner, Notropis buchanani189 Ironcolor Shiner, Notropis chalybaeus190 Bigmouth Shiner, Notropis dorsalis191 Blackchin Shiner, Notropis heterodon192 Blacknose Shiner, Notropis heterolepis193 Spottail Shiner, Notropis hudsonius194 Taillight Shiner, Notropis maculatus195 Ozark Minnow, Notropis nubilus196 Carmine Shiner, Notropis percobromus197 Silver Shiner, Notropis photogenis198 Rosyface Shiner, Notropis rubellus199 Silverband Shiner, Notropis shumardi200 Sand Shiner, Notropis stramineus201 Weed Shiner, Notropis texanus202 Mimic Shiner, Notropis volucellus203 Channel Shiner, Notropis wickliffi204 Pugnose Minnow, Opsopoeodus emiliae205 Suckermouth Minnow, Phenacobius mirabilis206 Bluntnose Minnow, Pimephales notatus207 Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas208 Bullhead Minnow, Pimephales vigilax209 Flathead Chub, Platygobio gracilis210 Bluehead Shiner, Pteronotropis hubbsi211 Longnose Dace, Rhinichthys cataractae212 Western Blacknose Dace, Rhinichthys obtusus213 Creek Chub, Semotilus atromoculatus214 SPINED LOACHES (Family Cobitidae)215 Oriental Weatherfish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus216 NORTH AMERICAN CATFISHES (Family Ictaluridae)217 Key to the North American Catfishes224 White Catfish, Ameiurus catus225 Black Bullhead, Ameiurus melas226 Yellow Bullhead, Ameiurus natalis227 Brown Bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus228 Blue Catfish, Ictalurus furcatus229 Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus230 Mountain Madtom, Noturus eleutherus231 Slender Madtom, Noturus exilis232 Stonecat, Noturus flavus233 Tadpole Madtom, Noturus gyrinus234 Brindled Madtom, Noturus miurus235 Freckled Madtom, Noturus nocturnus236 Northern Madtom, Noturus stigmosus237 Flathead Catfish, Pylodictis olivaris238 PIKES AND MUDMINNOWS (Family Esocidae)239 Key to the Pikes and Mudminnows241 Grass Pickerel, Esox americanus242 Northern Pike, Esox lucius243 Muskellunge, Esox masquinongy244 Central Mudminnow, Umbra limi245 TROUTS, SALMONS, AND WHITEFISHES (Family Salmonidae)246 Key to the Trouts, Salmon, and Whitefishes251 Cisco, Coregonus artedi252 Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis253 Bloater, Coregonus hoyi254 Blackfin Cisco, Coregonus nigripinnis255 Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch256 Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss257 Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha258 Round Whitefish, Prosopium cylindraceum259 Brown Trout, Salmo trutta260 Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis261 Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush262 SMELTS (Family Osmeridae)263 Rainbow Smelt, Osmerus mordax264 TROUT-PERCHES (Family Percopsidae)265 Trout-perch, Percopsis omiscomaycus266 PIRATE PERCHES (Family Aphredoderidae)267 Pirate Perch, Aphredoderus sayanus268 CAVEFISHES (Family Amblyopsidae)269 Shawnee Hills Cavefish, Forbesichthys papilliferus270 CUSKFISHES (Family Lotidae)271 Burbot, Lota lota272 GOBIES (Family Gobiidae)273 Round Goby, Neogobius melanostomus274 NEW WORLD SILVERSIDES (Family Atherinopsidae)275 Key to the New World Silversides276 Brook Silverside, Labidesthes sicculus277 Inland Silverside, Menidia beryllina278 TOPMINNOWS (Family Fundulidae)279 Key to the Topminnows281 Northern Studfish, Fundulus catenatus282 Banded Killifish, Fundulus diaphanus283 Starhead Topminnow, Fundulus dispar284 Blackstripe Topminnow, Fundulus notatus285 Blackspotted Topminnow, Fundulus olivaceus286 LIVEBEARERS (Family Poeciliidae)287 Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis288 MULLETS (Family Mugilidae)289 Striped Mullet, Mugil cephalus290 SUNFISHES (Family Centrarchidae)291 Key to the Sunfishes301 Rock Bass, Ambloplites rupestris302 Flier, Centrarchus macropterus303 Green Sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus304 Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus305 Warmouth, Lepomis gulosus306 Orangespotted Sunfish, Lepomis humilis307 Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus308 Longear Sunfish, Lepomis megalotis309 Redear Sunfish, Lepomis microlophus310 Northern Sunfish, Lepomis peltastes311 Spotted Sunfish, Lepomis punctatus312 Bantam Sunfish, Lepomis symmetricus313 Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu314 Spotted Bass, Micropterus punctulatus315 Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides316 White Crappie, Pomoxis annularis317 Black Crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus318 PYGMY SUNFISHES (Family Elassomatidae)319 Banded Pygmy Sunfish, Elassoma zonatum320 WHITE BASSES (Family Moronidae)321 Key to the White Basses323 White Perch, Morone americana324 White Bass, Morone chrysops325 Yellow Bass, Morone mississippiensis326 Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis327 DRUMS AND CROAKERS (Family Sciaenidae)328 Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens329 DARTERS AND PERCHES (Percidae)330 Key to the Darters and Perches345 Western Sand Darter, Ammocrypta clara346 Eastern Sand Darter, Ammocrypta pellucida347 Crystal Darter, Crystallaria asprella348 Mud Darter, Etheostoma asprigene349 Greenside Darter, Etheostoma blennioides350 Rainbow Darter, Etheostoma caeruleum351 Bluebreast Darter, Etheostoma camurum352 Bluntnose Darter, Etheostoma chlorosoma353 Fringed Darter, Etheostoma crossopterum354 Iowa Darter, Etheostoma exile355 Fantail Darter, Etheostoma flabellare356 Slough Darter, Etheostoma gracile357 Harlequin Darter, Etheostoma histrio358 Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti359 Least Darter, Etheostoma microperca360 Johnny Darter, Etheostoma nigrum361 Cypress Darter, Etheostoma proeliare362 Orangethroat Darter, Etheostoma spectabile363 Spottail Darter, Etheostoma squamiceps364 Banded Darter, Etheostoma zonale365 Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens366 Logperch, Percina caprodes367 Channel Darter, Percina copelandi368 Gilt Darter, Percina evides369 Blackside Darter, Percina maculata370 Slenderhead Darter, Percina phoxocephala371 Dusky Darter, Percina sciera372 River Darter, Percina shumardi373 Stargazing Darter, Percina uranidea374 Sauger, Sander canadense375 Walleye, Sander vitreum376 STICKLEBACKS (Family Gasterosteidae)377 Key to the Sticklebacks378 Brook Stickleback, Culaea inconstans379 Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus380 Ninespine Stickleback, Pungitius pungitius381 SCULPINS (Family Cottidae)382 Key to the Sculpins384 Spoonhead Sculpin, Cottus ricei385 Deepwater Sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsonii386 Mottled Sculpin, Uranidea bairdii387 Banded Sculpin, Uranidea carolinae388 Slimy Sculpin, Uranidea congnata389 Photo Credits and Locations394 Glossary397 Literature Cited401 Index of Common and Scientific Names